your finger or in your neighbourhood departmental store.

你的手指或附近的百貨公司。

But do you know its origins?

但你知道它的來歷嗎？

Essentially, really, everything that we purchase at this point is unfortunately touched by this.

本質上，真的，我們此刻所購買的一切東西都很不幸地觸及到了這一點。

These are serious human rights crimes under international law.

根據國際法，這些都是嚴重的人權罪行。

According to activists and academics such as German researcher Adrian Zenz and the

根據德國研究人員阿德里安-曾茲等活動家和學者的說法。

Chinese Human Rights Defenders based in the U.S., more than 1 million Uyghurs, an ethnic minority

中國駐美維權人士，少數民族維吾爾族100多萬人。

residing in China's Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region, have been unlawfully detained in what

居住在中國新疆維吾爾自治區的人被非法拘禁，他們在中國新疆維吾爾自治區被非法拘禁。

Beijing describes as “re-education camps.”

北京稱其為 "再教育營"。

Amid mounting pressure by governments, activists and civil society groups to act on these allegations,

在政府、活動家和民間社會團體施加越來越大的壓力，要求對這些指控採取行動的情況下，

some governments have introduced bills to weed out the presence of alleged forced labor

一些國家的政府已經出臺了法案，以消除所謂的強迫勞動的存在。

in their supply chains.

在其供應鏈中。

The Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region, which lies in China's northwest,

新疆維吾爾自治區，位於中國的西北部。

is its largest administrative region.

是其最大的行政區域。

Although sparsely populated, the vast area of lakes, mountains and deserts is home to

雖說人煙稀少，但在這廣袤的湖泊、山地和沙漠中，卻有很多人在這裡生活。

more than 24 million residents.

超過2400萬居民。

This region has seen periodic unrest since the 18th century, when it was part of the Qing Dynasty.

自18世紀屬於清朝以來，這一地區就出現了週期性的動盪。

As China plunged into civil wars following the collapse of the Qing dynasty,

隨著清朝滅亡後中國陷入內戰。

rebels in Xinjiang briefly declared independence before the Chinese Communist Party asserted control in 1949.

新疆的叛軍在1949年中國共產黨取得控制權之前，曾短暫地宣佈獨立。

Since then, the ethnic composition of the Muslim, Turkic-speaking Uyghur population

此後，穆斯林、講突厥語的維吾爾族人口的民族構成。

in Xinjiang has shifted from 75% to make up less than half of Xinjiang's present-day population.

在新疆的人口已從75%轉移到佔新疆現今人口的一半以下。

In the past half century, the influx of Han Chinese boosted its population

在過去的半個世紀裡，漢族人的湧入促進了其人口的增長。

from 6% of Xinjiang's population to 40%.

從佔新疆人口的6%增加到40%。

Other ethnic groups include the Kazakh and the Hui people.

其他民族包括哈薩克族和回族。

For centuries, Xinjiang, which means "new frontier" in Chinese, has been the gateway

幾百年來，新疆在漢語中的意思是 "新邊疆"，一直是門戶。

to China through the ancient Silk Road.

通過古絲綢之路到中國。

Xinjiang borders eight countries, making the region a vital economic corridor to Central Asian,

新疆與8個國家接壤，是通往中亞的重要經濟走廊。

Middle Eastern and European markets and a linchpin in China's Belt and Road initiative.

中東和歐洲市場，也是中國一帶一路倡議的關鍵。

Despite its struggles, China's largest region is of strategic importance to the country,

中國這個最大的地區雖然舉步維艱，但對國家的戰略意義重大。

acting as a buffer and gateway to Central Asia.

作為通往中亞的緩衝和門戶。

With significant oil and gas resources, Xinjiang is a global hub for China's exports,

新疆擁有大量的油氣資源，是中國出口的全球樞紐。

producing textiles, shoes, and about 20% of the world's cotton.

生產紡織品、鞋類和約20%的世界棉花。

Among the major cotton producers and textile manufacturers in the region are the

該地區主要的棉花生產商和紡織品製造商包括

Xinjiang Junggar Cotton and Linen, Yili Zhuowan Garment Manufacturing and

新疆準噶爾棉麻、伊犁卓萬服裝製造和。

the Baoding LYSZD Trade and Business Co, all of which were sanctioned by the U.S. government in 2020.

保定市萊仕達商貿有限公司，均在2020年被美國政府制裁。

The Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps, which the U.S. Treasury Department calls a

新疆生產建設兵團，美國財政部稱其為。

paramilitary group and Chinese government entity, was slapped with sanctions in the

中國政府實體的準軍事組織，被制裁的原因是，在中國。

same year over alleged human rights abuses.

侵犯人權的指控。

The United Kingdom rolled out similar measures at the start of 2021 to fine certain companies

英國在2021年初推出類似措施，對某些公司進行罰款。

that fail to demonstrate that their supply chains are free of forced labor.

未能證明其供應鏈沒有強迫勞動的。

In response to queries from CNBC, the Chinese embassy in Singapore categorically denied

針對CNBC的詢問，中國駐新加坡大使館斷然否認。

the accusations of ethnic genocide, religious oppression, and forced labor.

種族滅絕、宗教壓迫和強迫勞動的指控；

It said that the issues related to Xinjiang are about the fight against violence, terrorism

它說，有關新疆的問題是關於打擊暴力、恐怖主義的問題

and separatism, and that “no violent terrorist incident has taken place in Xinjiang

和分裂主義，"新疆沒有發生過暴力恐怖事件"。

over the past four years and more” as a result.

在過去四年多的時間裡，"由於。

The embassy added that “Xinjiang's economy has grown at an annual average rate of 6.1 percent,

使館還說："新疆經濟年均增長率為6.1%。

and per capita disposable income of 5.8 percent” since 2016.

和人均可支配收入5.8%"，2016年以來。

There are several challenges in auditing a supply chain, especially in China,

供應鏈的審計有幾個挑戰，尤其是在中國。

says Sophie Richardson, the China director at Human Rights Watch.

人權觀察組織的中國區主任索菲-理查森說。

It's very hard for any company operating in the region to state definitively and credibly

任何在該地區經營的公司都很難明確和可信地說明

that its business operations don't somehow involve a serious human rights violation,

它的商業活動沒有以某種方式涉及嚴重侵犯人權。

because the authorities won't allow the kind of inspections or confidential conversations

因為當局不允許進行那種檢查或祕密談話。

that that kind of scrutiny requires.

這種審查所需要的。

We're now at a time when auditing firms, so precisely the kinds of entities that would

我們現在正處於一個審計公司的時代，所以恰恰是那種實體會

go and do this kind of due diligence, are themselves saying they can't operate in

去做這樣的盡職調查，是不是自己也說不能在操作。

the region because they don't have the latitude that's necessary to offer up credible assessments.

因為他們沒有必要的緯度來提供可信的評估。

A number of organizations and media outlets have documented that people who were arbitrarily

一些組織和媒體機構記錄了被任意拘留的人的情況。

detained in political re-education camps have subsequently been effectively obliged to participate

被拘留在政治再教育營中的人後來實際上被迫參加政治再教育。

in labor either inside the Xinjiang region or sent by Xinjiang authorities to other parts of China.

新疆地區內的勞工，或由新疆當局派往中國其他地區。

In 2020, a defense and strategic policy think tank in Australia identified 82 foreign and

2020年，澳洲的一個國防和戰略政策智庫確定了82個外國和。

Chinese companies that may have allegedly benefitted directly or indirectly from forced labor

可能被指直接或間接從強迫勞動中獲益的中國公司。

of ethnic minorities across the country, of whom more than 80,000 were Uyghurs.

的少數民族，其中8萬多人是維吾爾族。

In addressing those allegations, most of the companies stated that they have anti-forced

在談到這些指控時，大多數公司表示，它們有反強迫勞動的措施。

labor policies and a code of conduct for their suppliers.

勞動政策和供應商行為準則。

However, the Australian Strategic Policy Institute contended that “no brands were able to rule

然而，澳洲戰略政策研究所認為，"沒有任何品牌能夠統治。

out a link further down their supply chain.”

出一個環節，在他們的供應鏈上更進一步。"

These brands named by think tank ASPI include major retailers such as Spanish giant Inditex,

這些被智庫ASPI點名的品牌包括西班牙巨頭Inditex等大型零售商。

which owns brands like Zara and Massimo Dutti, and the U .S.-based PVH, owner of brands from

旗下擁有Zara和Massimo Dutti等品牌，以及總部位於美國的PVH公司，擁有來自世界各地的品牌。

Calvin Klein to Tommy Hilfiger.

Calvin Klein到Tommy Hilfiger。

The companies, their own internal ethics policies require that they have anti-trafficking,

這些公司，自己內部的道德政策要求他們有反販賣。

anti-modern slavery policies, so it is incumbent on the companies to live up to their own internal policies.

反現代奴隸制政策，所以公司有責任遵守自己的內部政策。

You cannot make an exception, just because it's China.

不能因為是中國，就破例。

However, tracing a supply chain isn't that simple.

然而，追蹤供應鏈並不是那麼簡單。

For example, some of these phones may be assembled in Taiwan, but what about their components?

例如，有些手機可能是在臺灣組裝的，但其零部件呢？

From the raw materials, including rare earth minerals used in cell phone cameras, to the

從手機攝像頭所使用的稀土礦等原材料，到現在的

displays, antennas and the circuit boards, there are a few hundred suppliers just to

顯示器、天線和電路板，光是供應商就有幾百家。

make these ubiquitous gadgets.

使這些無處不在的小工具。

There are a few steps companies can take to root out the presence of forced labor in their

公司可以採取以下幾個步驟來根除企業中存在的強迫勞動現象。

supply chains, says Julie Millsap from the non-profit organization, Campaign for Uyghurs.

非營利組織 "維吾爾族運動 "的朱莉-米爾薩普說，供應鏈。

We have to keep in mind that a lot of the data we're looking at, a lot of things we're

我們要記住，很多數據我們都在看，很多東西我們都在看。

looking at, is from two years ago.

看著，是兩年前的。

The situation has really deteriorated since then, and this is the reason that we are straight up

自此之後，情況真的惡化了，這也是我們直面

recommending companies must pull out of the region, period.

推薦公司必須撤出該地區，期。

They must ensure that no one in their supply chain is operating any factory in the region.

他們必須確保其供應鏈中沒有人在該地區經營任何工廠。

This is why initiatives like the Coalition to End Uyghur Forced Labor are really important.

這就是為什麼像 "結束維吾爾族強迫勞動聯盟 "這樣的倡議真的很重要。

They have a very strong call to action that's laid out that they are asking brands to sign

他們有一個非常強烈的行動號召，他們要求品牌商簽下

on to, and it gives them steps, when those steps need to be completed.

到，並給他們提供了步驟，當這些步驟需要完成。

Companies have to make a decision, essentially.

公司要做一個決定，基本上。

Yes, it might be inconvenient, but we do think it's time that most large corporations start

是的，這可能是不方便的，但我們認為是時候讓大多數大公司開始

looking at what are the alternative countries that can compete.

審視有哪些可供選擇的國家可以競爭。

I'm heading to see Andrew Delios to find out more about the challenges of moving labor

我要去見安德魯-德利奧斯，瞭解更多關於勞動力轉移的挑戰。

away from China.

遠離中國。

The biggest challenge is always information opacity.

最大的挑戰永遠是資訊不透明。

We just don't know what is happening, which is what challenges us in this situation and

我們只是不知道發生了什麼，這就是我們在這種情況下的挑戰，也是對我們的挑戰。

in many other situations when we're dealing with overseas supply chains, whether they're

在許多其他情況下，當我們處理海外供應鏈時，無論它們是

in China, in Bangladesh, or Southeast Asia or East Asia.

在中國，在孟加拉國，或東南亞或東亞。

A lot of people don't know that China is expensive right now, but it wasn't the case 10 years ago.

很多人不知道，現在中國的房價很貴，但10年前不是這樣的。

China was deemed cheap.

中國被認為便宜。

China is not cheap.

中國並不便宜。

It's more expensive than Indonesia, Vietnam, it's more expensive than Bangladesh,

比印尼、越南還貴，比孟加拉還貴。

more expensive than many regions of India.

比印度很多地區都要貴。

We want to consider why do companies still remain within China when they could easily

我們要考慮的是，既然企業可以輕鬆地在中國境內發展，為什麼他們還留在中國？

vacate and go somewhere else for at least parts of their supply chains.

騰出空間，去其他地方至少是部分供應鏈。

Number one is that the infrastructure that has been built up in China, in terms of railroad,

第一是中國的基礎設施建設，在鐵路方面。

roadways, other transportation links, is tremendous.

公路、其他交通環節，是巨大的。

This facilitates production activities.

這為生產活動提供了便利。

The second thing is that there's a large ecosystem built up amongst manufacturers.

其次是廠商之間建立了一個龐大的生態系統。

So the assemblers, the component suppliers.

所以，組裝商、零部件供應商。

This makes it difficult for any one individual to leave that clustered industry because then

這就使得任何一個人都很難離開這個集群產業，因為這樣一來

there's costs associated with navigating goods and information across distances.

跨越距離的貨物和資訊導航是有成本的。

So, it's those two elements that are tying together manufacturing in China in the present day,

所以，當下的中國製造正是被這兩個要素捆綁在一起。

more so than any considerations about cheap labor.

比任何關於廉價勞動力的考慮更重要。

According to the International Labor Organization, there are 11 indicators of forced labor,

根據國際勞工組織的數據，有11項強迫勞動的指標。

including excessive working hours, abusive working conditions, intimidation and restriction of movement.

包括工作時間過長、虐待性工作條件、恐嚇和限制行動；

Several of the indicators are applicable to Uyghur workers in Xinjiang, the Australian Strategic Policy Institute said.

澳洲戰略政策研究所表示，其中幾項指標適用於新疆維吾爾族工人。

In the first quarter of 2021, the U.S. and Canada accused China of genocide in Xinjiang,

2021年第一季度，美國和加拿大指責中國在新疆進行種族滅絕。

while the Dutch parliament became the first European country to pass a non-binding motion

而荷蘭議會則成為第一個通過不具約束力動議的歐洲國家。

with similar accusations.

與類似的指控。

The Chinese embassy denied the claims of ethnic genocide.

中國大使館否認了種族滅絕的說法。

In a statement to CNBC, it said that “China strongly condemns the imposition of sanctions

在給CNBC的一份聲明中說，"中國強烈譴責實施制裁。

by the U.S., Canada, the U.K. and the EU on individuals and entities in Xinjiang” and

美國、加拿大、英國和歐盟對新疆個人和實體的制裁"，以及

“urges the relevant parties to stop political manipulation on Xinjiang-related issues and

"敦促有關方面停止在涉疆問題上的政治操縱，並。

stop interfering in China's internal affairs”.

停止干涉中國內政"。

Even as more companies tout their corporate social responsibility initiatives, more investors

即使越來越多的公司宣傳他們的企業社會責任倡議，也有更多的投資人

are also paying attention to environmental, social and corporate governance standards,

還注意環境、社會和公司治理標準。

and in turn, scrutinizing the supply chains of companies.

並反過來仔細檢查公司的供應鏈。

In September 2020, Apple published its first human rights policy after two-fifths of its

2020年9月，蘋果公司公佈了其五分之二後的第一個人權政策。

shareholders, including two major shareholder advisory groups, ISS and Glass Lewis, voted

股東，包括兩個主要股東諮詢集團ISS和Glass Lewis，投了

for the company to publish a report about its stance on human rights in China.

要求該公司發表一份關於其在中國人權立場的報告。

Organizations like the Investor Alliance for Human Rights are also rallying investors to

投資者人權聯盟等組織也在號召投資者

force companies to be more forthcoming about their links to Xinjiang.

迫使企業更坦誠地說明他們與新疆的聯繫。

It is an unprecedented situation.

這是一個前所未有的情況。

I think, you know, businesses, investors alike are all trying to figure out what is the acceptable

我想，你知道，企業，投資者都在試圖找出什麼是可接受的。

way forward to address these human rights risks in the Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region.

應對新疆維吾爾自治區這些人權風險的方法。

Despite launching a media blitz to counter the international pressure, there are signs

儘管發起了媒體閃電戰，以應對國際壓力，但有跡象表明。

of growing unease in Beijing over Xinjiang.

北京在新疆問題上的日益不安。

In September 2020, the country released a white paper defending its actions in the region.

2020年9月，該國發布了一份白皮書，為其在該地區的行動辯護。

Consumers really do have an important role to play in this, and that is just letting

消費者在其中確實扮演了一個重要的角色，那就是僅僅讓

these companies know that absolutely, we do not want to be consuming any product that

這些公司知道，絕對，我們不希望被消費任何產品，即

is tainted by modern-day slavery.

被現代的奴隸制所玷汙。

Even as some companies attempt to shift their supply chains out of China, the export of

即使一些公司試圖將其供應鏈轉移出中國，但在出口方面，中國市場的出口量也在不斷增加。

Xinjiang cotton to other countries such as Vietnam and Bangladesh means that it may be

新疆棉花對越南、孟加拉國等其他國家意味著可能會被

hard to eliminate total exposure to that fiber.

很難消除完全暴露在該纖維中。

I do believe that technologies are there, we could use blockchain, RF or QR codes.

我確實相信技術是存在的，我們可以使用區塊鏈、射頻或二維碼。

And the reality is there's enough technology, it's just whether the business is willing

而現實中的技術是足夠的，只是企業是否願意而已

to invest the time to create that system.

來投入時間創建該系統。

It's just a matter of choice but it's not a matter of technology.

這只是一個選擇的問題，但這不是一個技術的問題。