Name: 美國大學要求接種疫苗、田納西州山洪暴發、奈及利亞英雄｜2021年3月30日 (A University's Vaccine Plan | March 30, 2021)
Uploaded: 2021-04-05T21:01:30.000Z
Duration: 10 min 1 s

This fall, Rutgers University says it will require its students to be vaccinated against COVID-19.

羅格斯大學表示，這個秋天將要求學生接種新冠病毒疫苗。

情態副詞

That is the question that leads off today's show.

這個問題就是今天節目的開場。

Rutgers is based in the state of New Jersey.

It's a large school; it has three main campuses and enrolls more than 70,000 students in all.

這是一所大學校，它有三個主校區，共招收 7 萬多名學生。

And it's one of the first American universities to announce that most of those students will need a coronavirus vaccine come fall semester.

而且它是美國最早宣佈其學生中的大部分在秋季的學期將需接種新冠病毒疫苗的大學之一。

Rutgers says students can request an exemption, permission to attend without getting the vaccine for religious or medical reasons.

羅格斯大學表示，學生可以申請豁免許可，因宗教或醫療原因而沒有接種疫苗的情況下仍可出席上課。

And the rule won't apply at all to students who attend online without actually setting foot on Rutgers' campuses.

而這一規則完全不適用於沒有踏入校園，只有在線上上課的學生。

But the rest of those who do will have to show proof they've been vaccinated.

但剩下的學生必須出示他們已經接種過疫苗的證明。

At this point, Rutgers' faculty is not required to get the vaccines, though they are strongly encouraged to do so.

目前，羅格斯大學的教職員並沒有被要求接種疫苗，儘管他們被強烈鼓勵這樣做。

Everyone on campus still has to participate in Rutgers' COVID testing programs, and everyone is still required to wear masks and keep their distance from one another on campus.

校園裡的每個人仍然要接受羅格斯大學的新冠病毒檢測，每個人仍然要戴上口罩並在校園裡保持距離。

The university says the decisions are in support of its commitment to health and safety for all members of its community.

該大學表示，這些決策是為了對維持其社區所有成員的健康和安全的承諾。

But it is a change from earlier this year, when a senior chancellor said that, in line with Rutgers' stance on protecting human liberties, the vaccine was not mandatory.

但這與今年稍早一位高層名譽校長表示，按照羅格斯大學保護人類自由的立場，疫苗不是強制性的立場不同。

Most colleges require students to have certain vaccines before they can attend classes.

大多數的大學要求學生在上課前必須注射特定的疫苗。

What's different about the coronavirus vaccines is that they haven't been formally approved by the US Food and Drug Administration.

新冠病毒疫苗不同的地方是，它們還沒有得到美國食品和藥物管理局的正式批准。

The three vaccines that Americans can get are authorized for emergency use, and the FDA says people have to be informed that they may either accept or refuse the drugs.

美國人可以注射的三種疫苗是授權緊急使用的，FDA 表示，必須告知大眾他們可以接受或拒絕這些藥物。

That's where experts say it's not clear if Rutgers or any organization can legally require people to be vaccinated.

這就是專家們說，還不確定羅格斯大學或任何組織是否可以合法地要求人們接種疫苗。

Some say that people's choice—whether or not to get a vaccine—needs to be protected.

有人說，人們選擇是否接種疫苗的權利需要受到保障。

Others say that courts will probably side with employers or states that require the vaccine, but that it's been argued in the past that the drugs are still experimental and should not be required.

其他人說，法院可能會支持僱主或州政府要求注射疫苗的決策，但過去已經在爭論這些藥物仍是實驗性的，且不應該被要求注射。

So there's a lot of uncertainty about the future of coronavirus vaccine requirements on- or off-campus.

所以不管在校園內或校園外，關於新冠病毒疫苗接種的要求在未來仍有很多不確定性。

Parts of Middle Tennessee are struggling to recover from deadly flash flooding that started last weekend.

田納西州中部的部分地區正在努力從上週末開始的致命山洪中振作起來。

Severe storms that rolled over the state on Saturday triggered a flash flood emergency.

週六捲起的嚴重風暴引發該州山洪爆發的緊急情況。

Some places got 5 to 9 inches of rain—that's more than Tennessee usually gets in the entire month of March.

有些地方下了 5 到 9 英寸的雨量，這比田納西州往常在整個三月中降下的雨還要多。

The forecast calls for another inch to an inch and a half of rain tomorrow.

天氣預報顯示，明天還有一寸到一寸半的雨量。

That's normally no big deal, according to the National Weather Service,

根據國家氣象局的說法，這通常不是什麼大事，

but because the state is so waterlogged now, the additional precipitation could further swell rivers, set a new record for rainfall, and trigger additional flash flooding.

但由於該州現在積水嚴重，額外的降水可能會使河流進一步的暴漲，創下新的降雨記錄，並引發額外的山洪爆發。

In the US, flash floods kill more people than tornadoes, hurricanes, or lightning.

在美國，山洪造成的死亡比龍捲風、颶風或閃電還要多。

A flash flood creates a rush of moving water that can sweep a grown man off his feet, a car off the road, and even your entire home off its foundation.

山洪造成一個移動水流的衝擊力，可以沖倒一個成年男子、讓一輛汽車離開道路，甚至讓你家跟地基分開。

When the ground becomes so saturated that water can no longer seep into the soil, it begins to run off quickly into rivers and streams, and this causes a rise in water in a flash.

當地面變得非常飽和，以至於水無法再滲入土壤中時，水就會開始迅速流向河流和溪流，造成水的瞬間上漲。

Densely populated areas have an extremely high risk of flash flooding, with the additional concrete and less grassy areas for the water to soak into the soil, and they can see flash flooding very quickly.

人口稠密的地區極有可能發生山洪氾濫，額外的混凝土和草皮較少的區域會使水無法滲入土壤，因此很快會看到山洪氾濫。

In a mountainous terrain, the combination of gravity plus the easy runoff can lead to catastrophic flooding when all of that water is funneled into rivers, creeks, and even the valleys.

在多山的地形中，當所有的水都匯入河流、小河甚至山谷時，重力加上容易徑流會導致災難性的洪水氾濫。

Remember, flash flooding can happen in the blink of an eye.

請記住，山洪可能發生在一瞬間。

That's why it's important to stay alert and pay attention in case a flash flood watch or warning is issued for your area.

所以，萬一你所在的地區發佈了山洪災害預警或警告，一定要保持警惕和注意安全。

In terms of land area, what is the largest country in Africa?

在土地面積方面，非洲最大的國家是哪個？

Nigeria, Algeria, Democratic Republic of Congo, or Sudan?

奈及利亞、阿爾及利亞、剛果民主共和國或蘇丹？

Algeria is the largest country in area, but it's mostly desert.

阿爾及利亞是面積最大的國家，但大部分都是沙漠。

奈及利亞是非洲人口最多的國家。

Almost 220 million people live in Nigeria, and the nation has the largest economy in Africa.

近 2.2 億人生活在奈及利亞，該國是非洲最大的經濟體。

But the CIA estimates that 70% of Nigerians live in poverty, and their country also struggles with corruption, crime, and terrorism.

但據中情局估計，70% 的奈及利亞人生活在貧困中，他們的國家也在與腐敗、犯罪和恐怖主義作鬥爭。

Boko Haram is based there—it's one of the largest terrorist groups in Africa.

博科哈蘭，非洲最大的恐怖組織之一的基地就位在那裡。

Since its uprising in 2009, the Nigerian military and its allies have made progress against the Islamic militants.

自 2009 年起義以來，奈及利亞軍方及其盟友在打擊伊斯蘭武裝分子方面取得了進展。

But Boko Haram has kidnapped, displaced, or orphaned hundreds of children, and a CNN hero has a heart for helping them.

但博科哈蘭綁架了數百名兒童，使他們流離失所或成為孤兒，而 CNN 的一位英雄有一顆幫助他們的心。

I'm the director of the Future Prowess Islamic Foundation.

我是無懼未來伊斯蘭基金會的理事長。

但目前我們有大約 860 名孤兒。

We don't mind where you hail from, what's your religion, what's your ethnicity.

我們不介意你從哪裡來，你的信仰是什麼，你是什麼民族。

You find that two-thirds of the population in this school are girls.

你會發現這所學校三分之二的學生是女生。

For me, being an orphan, I feel I have lost something from a normal girl child and an orphan.

對我來說，作為一名孤兒，我覺得我從一個普通的女孩和一個孤兒失去了一些東西。

But as I step into Future Prowess, all other things have been provided.

但隨著我進入無懼未來基金會，所有東西都提供給了我。

If you can be the leaders of tomorrow, you have to start showing leadership examples now.

如果你能成為明天的領導者，你現在就必須開始展現出領導人的榜樣。

We give the sort of psychosocial support to these students.

我們給這些學生提供一種心理上的社會支持。

And that is when we accept the diversities of others.

這就是我們要接受他人多樣性的時候。

There are kids from military backgrounds and then civilians.

這裡有來自軍事背景的孩子，還有平民。

Some of them are from the Boko Haram background.

All of us have a different idea from what our parents have.

我們每個人的想法都與父母的想法不同。

We also giving [give] them uniform, books.

We have professors coming here to teach various courses.

我們有教授前來教導不同的課程。

Most of the students comes to school empty.

這些學生大多是空著肚子來上學的。

And then we are giving them some nutritional support and food.

而我們會給他們補充一些營養。

We have 2,013 students currently enrolled in the Future Prowess Islamic Foundation.

我們目前有 2,013 名學生就讀於無懼未來伊斯蘭基金會。

It bring[s] harmonious working relationship between all stratas of the society.

它在社會各階層之間建立和諧的工作關係。

It is located in the riverbank where we have our own fish farm, greenhouse...

它位於河岸邊，在這我們有自己的魚塭、溫室。

This is a lemon and you can see it has started fruiting.

這是檸檬，你可以看到它已經開始結果實。

We have about six hectares of farmland to get a sort of livelihood.

我們有大約六公頃的農田來謀生。

Despite the unpleasant experiences they went through...

If they see me, they welcome me with a smile.

如果他們看到我，就會微笑迎接我。

They see themselves as being friends, brothers, sisters.

他們視自己為朋友、兄弟、姐妹。

We are in a community where every segment of the society is being ravaged.

我們所處的社會中每個階層都在被蹂躪。

What keeps me going is the resilience of these children.

讓我堅持下去的是這些孩子的韌性。

Whenever I see their faces, it gives me hope, it keeps my dream alive.

每當我看到他們的臉，就帶給我希望，讓我的夢想得以延續。

An artist creates a portrait of a humanoid robot.

一位藝術家創作了一個人形機器人的肖像。

After that, the robot paints its own interpretation of the portrait.

之後，機器人會畫出詮釋自己的人像。

Then the robot's painting, along with a 12-seconnd video clip of the robot doing the painting, goes up for auction, and finally, a human pays more than $688,000 for it.

然後，這幅機器人的畫作，連同它作畫時的 12 秒短片一起被拍賣，而且最後有人類花了 68.8 萬多美元買下它。

The video clip was offered as a non-fungible token, a new way to prove you own a digital artwork, even if it's widely shared.

短片是作為一種不可變賣的代幣提供的，是一種證明你擁有數位藝術品的新方式，即使它被廣泛分享。

That some of you may be thinking, you've "Giggotta" be kidding me.

有些人可能會想，你一定是在開玩笑。

Why "Van Gogh" to the trouble of paying your hard-earned "Monet" to "O'Keefe" some "Pizarro" digital token that anyone else could "Goya" download with "Matisse"?

為什麼要大費周章地花自己辛辛苦苦賺來的錢來擁有別人隨便都可以去下載的一些數位代幣？（譯註：此處原文引用多位畫家人名做雙關語。）

I guess if you've got the "Chagall" to take the "Veloz" guesswork out of who it's true "Claypur" is, you can "Countal" yourself its one and only "Michaelangelowner".

我想如果你有膽量不去猜測它真正的所有者是誰，那你就可以宣稱自己是唯一的擁有者。（譯註：此處原文引用多位畫家人名做雙關語。）

Marlboro, Massachusetts is our last stop today.

麻薩諸塞州的馬爾堡是我們今天的最後一站。

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美國大學要求接種疫苗、田納西州山洪暴發、奈及利亞英雄｜2021年3月30日 (A University's Vaccine Plan | March 30, 2021)

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