Baby walkers do not help babies walk.

嬰兒學步車並不能幫助寶寶走路。

Blair Hammond: "Picking up a crying baby will spoil them."

布萊爾-哈蒙德"抱起一個哭鬧的嬰兒會把他們寵壞的。"

Pressman: Picking up a crying baby will not spoil them.

Pressman:撿起一個哭鬧的嬰兒 不會寵壞他們。

Hammond: "Putting honey on a dummy,"

哈蒙德"把蜂蜜放在假人身上，"

aka a pacifier, "will help with teething."

也就是奶嘴，"可以幫助出牙"。

This is a dangerous myth, actually.

這其實是一個危險的神話。

"Teething can cause fevers."

"長牙會引起發燒。"

I get paged about this myth all the time.

我經常被人傳呼這個神話。

Hi and welcome.

你好，歡迎。

I'm Dr. Blair Hammond.

我是布萊爾・哈蒙德博士。

I'm a general pediatrician at Mount Sinai Hospital.

我是西奈山醫院的一名普通兒科醫生。

Pressman: And I'm Dr. Aliza Pressman.

普雷斯曼。我是阿里扎普雷斯曼博士。

I'm a developmental psychologist

我是一個發展心理學家

and cofounder of the Mount Sinai Parenting Center.

也是西奈山育兒中心的創始人之一。

The other cofounder.

另一位聯合創始人。

Hammond: The other. We did it together.

哈蒙德另一個。我們一起做的。

Today we're going to be actually talking

今天我們要實際談談

about debunking myths with babies.

關於和寶寶一起揭穿神話。

Ready, Aliza?

準備好了，艾麗莎？

Pressman: Let's do it.

Pressman。讓我們做吧。

Hammond: All right!

哈蒙德。Hammond: All right!

First myth.

第一個神話。

Pressman: "Babies who walk and talk early

普雷斯曼："早早就會走路和說話的嬰兒。

are the brightest of their peer group."

是同齡人中最聰明的"。

Even though an early talker may tend to do better

儘管早熟的人可能會做得更好。

in language skills later in life,

在以後的語言能力中。

it doesn't mean that children who are not early talkers

這並不意味著孩子們誰是不早說話

aren't going to equal or rise above those talkers.

是不會等於或超過那些說話者的。

And with walkers, which is a different thing,

而與喪屍，這是兩碼事。

that's motor development.

這就是運動發展。

Motor development is better at predicting delays

運動發育更擅長預測延遲的情況

and associations with other issues that may arise.

以及與可能出現的其他問題的聯繫。

So if you notice there's a delay in walking,

所以，如果你發現走路有延遲。

that's an important thing

這一點很重要

to talk to your pediatrician about.

向您的兒科醫生諮詢。

But it is not necessarily true or likely true

但這不一定是真的，也不可能是真的

that an early walker is going to get you into Harvard.

早期的步行者會讓你進入哈佛。

Hammond: "Never wake a sleeping baby."

哈蒙德"永遠不要吵醒一個熟睡的嬰兒。"

And this is a myth in particular

而這是一個特別的神話

in the first few weeks of life.

在生命的前幾周。

So, newborn babies really need to feed frequently,

所以，新生兒真的需要經常餵養。

and if you happen to have a sleepy baby,

如果你碰巧有一個貪睡的寶寶。

you would actually wake them

吵醒他們

every three to four hours to feed at that time.

每隔三到四個小時喂一次，當時。

Pressman: That's right.

普雷斯曼。是的 That's right.

Between five and six weeks of age,

五至六週齡之間。

day and night sleep is organized.

晝夜睡眠有條不紊。

So if they're sleeping more than three,

所以，如果他們的睡眠超過三個。

three and a half hours during the day, at that point,

白天三個半小時，此時。

you really want to give them a little nudge

你真的想給他們一點暗示嗎？

so that you can get them nice,

這樣你就可以得到他們的好。

consolidated sleep in the nighttime.

在夜間鞏固睡眠。

Hammond: As children get older,

哈蒙德。隨著孩子們的長大。

you can let them sleep longer periods of time.

你可以讓他們睡更長的時間。

Pressman: "Lullabies help babies sleep."

普雷斯曼："搖籃曲有助於嬰兒睡眠。"

[laughs]

[笑]

This one is actually

這個其實是

sort of a myth, but not completely,

有點像神話，但不完全是。

because the act of singing a lullaby, that calming music,

因為唱搖籃曲的行為，那平靜的音樂。

can calm both you and your baby.

可以讓你和你的寶寶都平靜下來。

But it isn't a magic pill that is going to

但這並不是一個神奇的藥丸，是要

make sure that your baby falls asleep.

確保寶寶入睡。

Finding ways to soothe your infant,

尋找安撫嬰兒的方法。

especially using music and touch is, of course,

特別是使用音樂和觸摸是，當然。

going to relax them and induce a sleepier state.

去放鬆他們，誘導他們進入睡眠狀態。

Hammond: "Naps aren't necessary."

哈蒙德"小睡是沒有必要的。"

Pressman: Oh.

Pressman。Oh.

Hammond: In young children and babies, naps are necessary.

哈蒙德。在幼兒和嬰兒， 小睡是必要的。

Pressman: Very.

普雷斯曼。Very.

Hammond: I always say that people who are like,

哈蒙德。我總是說，人誰是喜歡，

"I'm gonna keep my baby up all day

"我要讓我的孩子整天不睡覺

so they sleep all night in that first year of life,"

所以他們在出生後的第一年就整夜整夜地睡覺"。

you're going to have an angry baby,

你會有一個憤怒的孩子。

and that is not going to be a fun baby to take care of.

這不會是一個有趣的嬰兒 照顧。

And, in fact, in this young age,

而事實上，在這個年輕的時代。

especially that first year of life,

尤其是人生的第一年。

we really do focus on naps to help your baby

我們真的專注於小睡，以幫助您的寶寶。

actually learn better,

其實更好的學習。

control their behavior,

控制他們的行為。

and fall asleep better.

並更好地入睡。

Because an overly tired baby

因為一個過度疲勞的嬰兒

is actually going to sleep worse.

其實是會睡得更香。

Pressman: You really need to keep even one nap.

Pressman。你真的需要保持 即使是一個午睡。

You don't want your infant or toddler awake

你不希望你的嬰兒或幼兒醒著。

more than about five hours at a time.

一次超過五個小時。

So, up until three years of age,

所以，在三歲之前。

naps are really important for

小睡對

daytime behavior, emotional development,

日間行為、情緒發展。

and nighttime organized, consolidated sleep.

並在夜間有條不紊地鞏固睡眠。

"Babies should be sleeping

"嬰兒應該睡覺

through the night by three months."

通宵三個月"。

Hammond: We all hope for that.

哈蒙德。我們都希望如此。

Every mother wishes that.

每個母親都希望這樣。

Pressman: If your baby isn't sleeping through the night

Pressman：如果你的寶寶晚上不睡覺的話

because they need to have a feeding

因為他們需要有一個餵養

or two feedings, that's OK.

或兩次餵養，這是好的。

Up until four months, you really want to let your infant

四個月之前，你真的想讓你的嬰兒

direct how that's going to go.

直接如何去。

And then, starting after four months,

然後，從四個月後開始。

between four and six months, you can think about

在四到六個月之間，你可以考慮一下

your influence on their nighttime sleep.

你對他們夜間睡眠的影響。

Hammond: And you might lose your friends

哈蒙德，你可能會失去你的朋友你可能會失去你的朋友

if you keep bragging about your 3-month-old

如果你一直吹噓你的3個月大。

who's sleeping through the night

誰在徹夜難眠

and they have a 3-month-old who's not.

他們有一個三個月大的誰不是。

Oh, this is a good one.

哦，這是一個很好的一個。

Pressman: "Certain toys will make babies smarter."

普雷斯曼："某些玩具會讓寶寶更聰明。"

Hammond: Right?

哈蒙德。Hammond: Right?

Pressman: Myth. Hammond: Myth.

Pressman:神話。哈蒙德：神話。

Pressman: The myth is that it's the toy

普雷斯曼。神話是它的玩具。

making the baby smarter.

讓寶寶更聰明。

What helps your baby grow smarter is the interaction

幫助寶寶更聰明地成長的是互動

between you and your baby while playing with a toy.

在你和寶寶玩玩具時，你和寶寶之間。

If you just stick a baby down with a bunch of blocks,

如果你只是用一堆積木把一個嬰兒粘下來。

your baby is not growing smarter from those toys.

你的寶寶不會因為這些玩具而變得更聰明。

The best way to grow your baby's brain

寶寶長腦子的最佳方法

in that first year of life is through

在生命的第一年，是通過

interaction with a caregiver,

與護理人員的互動。

and you can then talk about the toy, describe the toy,

然後你可以說說這個玩具，描述一下這個玩具。

support your infant's discovery of the toy

支持您的嬰兒發現玩具。

through language and descriptions,

通過語言和描述。

but the toys itself are never

但玩具本身從來沒有

going to make your baby smarter.

會讓你的寶寶更聰明。

Another thing to keep in mind

另一個需要注意的問題是

is that when you are playing with your baby,

是你和寶寶玩的時候。

you might find yourself using a singsong voice

啞巴吃黃連，有苦說不出

with high-pitch sounds and, like, a big, exaggerated face.

有著高亢的聲音，還有，一張大而誇張的臉。

And some people might even think you're talking baby talk.

有些人甚至會認為你在說嬰兒話。

The truth is that that is called "parentese,"

事實是，這叫 "家長式"。

and it is one of the most important uses of language.

而這也是語言最重要的運用之一。

When you use that voice and you say, like:

當你用這種聲音和你說，喜歡。

"[gasps] Look at that block you're playing with!

"[喘氣]你看你玩的那塊磚頭!

Is that a brown block?

那是棕色塊嗎？

Are you putting that on top of a blue block?"

你是要把它放在藍塊上面嗎？"

The important part of that is that

其中重要的部分是

your language is so engaging

語重心長

that parentese actually is associated

母語

with such boosts in language development later in life.

與這樣的促進以後的語言發展。

Now, baby talk, where you're saying

現在，寶寶的談話，你說的是

"goo goo gaa gaa goo goo gaa gaa,"

"咕咕咕咕咕咕咕咕咕咕咕咕咕咕咕咕咕咕"，

that is not useful for anyone,

這對任何人都沒有用。

except if it gives you tremendous delight

除非它給你帶來巨大的快樂

and you just can't help yourself and you really just

你只是不能幫助自己，你真的只是

need to just get in there with that baby.

需要只是在那裡得到 與寶寶。

It's your language and your interaction

這是你的語言和你的互動

and your use of parentese that's gonna really

和你的使用父母的語言，這是要去真正的。

get you that boost in intellectual development

讓你的智力得到提升

that you are hoping to get from the toy.

你希望從玩具中得到的東西。

Hammond: "Bouncing babies will cause them to be bowlegged."

哈蒙德"蹦蹦跳跳的嬰兒會讓他們變成弓形腿。"

I hear this all the time.

我經常聽到這個。

In fact, I have lots of parents

其實，我有很多父母

say to me right after a baby's born,

在孩子出生後對我說。

"Oh, no, he's bowlegged!"

"哦，不，他是弓形腿！"

And the interesting thing is it's because

而有趣的是，這是因為

when a baby is in the womb,

當嬰兒在子宮內時。

most babies actually have their legs crossed.

其實大多數寶寶都是雙腿交叉的。

So they come out a little bowed-looking,

所以他們出來的時候有點弓形的樣子。

and it is normal for the legs

而這是正常的腿

to actually have that appearance.

才能真正擁有這種外觀。

And many babies have that instinct

而且很多寶寶都有這種本能

to want to stand and bear weight on their legs,

要想站立，用腿承受重量。

and that is actually fantastic

妙不可言

for their motor development.

對於他們的運動發展。

You're socially engaging with them,

你在和他們進行社交。

but you're also helping them

但你也在幫助他們

develop muscle strength and control.

發展肌肉力量和控制力。

So this is absolutely a myth.

所以這絕對是一個神話。

Many grandparents are into it.

很多爺爺奶奶都喜歡。

They're also like,

他們也像。

"Don't let your baby sit till they're ready,

"在寶寶沒有準備好之前，不要讓他們坐。

'cause it's gonna ruin their back."

"因為這會毀了他們的背部。"

That is another myth.

這是另一個神話。

Pressman: I would only add: You don't need a contraption.

普雷斯曼：我只想補充一點。你不需要一個裝置。

So, a jumper is not a good way

所以，跳樓不是一個好辦法。

to help a baby develop.

來幫助寶寶發育。

Hammond: Yep. Because they go more on the toes,

哈蒙德。Hammond: Yep.因為他們去更多的腳趾。

and that's something that's not recommended

而這是不建議的事情。

by most developmental specialists.

大多數發展專家的。

Pressman: "Excessive crying means something is wrong."

普雷斯曼："過度的哭泣意味著有問題。"

If you're feeling like your infant is excessively crying,

如果你覺得自己的嬰兒過度哭鬧。

the first thing that you want to do

你要做的第一件事

is talk to your pediatrician to make sure

是與您的兒科醫生交談，以確保。

that there isn't anything wrong medically.

醫學上沒有任何問題。

Hammond: You sort of do a one-over

哈蒙德。You sort of do a one-over

on your whole baby to make sure,

在你的整個寶寶身上，以確保。

"All right, my baby seems OK, my baby's fed,

"好吧，我的寶寶好像還行，我的寶寶已經吃飽了。

my baby's peed and pooped, whatever, what's going on here?"

我的寶寶的撒尿和拉屎，什麼的，這是怎麼回事呢？"

And then often it's just,

然後往往就是。

they're so awake and frazzled,

他們是如此的清醒和疲憊。

they can't calm their body down at this young age.

他們在這麼小的年紀就無法讓自己的身體平靜下來。

The most fussy period is between

最挑剔的時期是在

three to six weeks of life.

三到六週的生命。

And there is something called infant colic,

而有一種東西叫嬰兒腸絞痛。

which people have probably heard about.

大家可能都聽說過。

And the definition of colic is crying

而絞痛的定義是哭

at least three hours a day,

每天至少三小時。

at least three days of the week,

一週中至少有三天。

for at least three weeks.

至少三週。

A good thing I tell parents is if the baby calms down

我跟家長說的一件好事是，如果寶寶平靜下來了

when you're shaking them in a gentle rocking way,

當你在輕輕搖晃他們的時候。

shushing them, and you're like,

對他們噓寒問暖，你就像。

"Oh, if I hold the baby, they stop crying,

"哦，如果我抱著孩子，他們就不哭了。

but every time I put them down, they cry."

但每次我把他們放下，他們就會哭。"

That's reassuring to me

那我就放心了

that there's not some real painful issue going on

這不是一些真正的痛苦的問題，怎麼回事

and that the baby is comforted by you

而寶寶被你安慰了

and just needs that help.

而只是需要這種幫助。

In general, I say to people,

一般來說，我對人說。

if the baby cries more than an hour straight

如果寶寶連續哭鬧超過一個小時，就會出現這種情況

and nothing is calming them down,

沒有什麼能讓他們平靜下來。

check in with your pediatrician.

向兒科醫生諮詢。

Pressman: And you could be doing everything right

普雷斯曼你可以做一切正確的事情

and it's not going to stop the baby

而且它不會阻止嬰兒

from crying in the short term, but again,

從短期內哭泣，但又。

you will be helping their long-term development.

你將幫助他們的長期發展。

Hammond: "Picking up a crying baby will spoil them."

哈蒙德"抱起一個哭鬧的嬰兒會把他們寵壞的。"

Pressman: Picking up a crying baby will not spoil them.

Pressman:撿起一個哭鬧的嬰兒 不會寵壞他們。

Don't let anybody tell you otherwise.

不要讓任何人告訴你，否則。

Hammond: People are often very worried

哈蒙德。人們往往非常擔心

about spoiling young infants.

關於溺愛幼小的嬰兒。

Pressman: Please spoil your young infants.

Pressman:請寵愛你的小嬰兒。

Hammond: Yes, fall in love.

哈蒙德。是的，墜入愛河。

I say my job as a pediatrician

我說我作為一個兒科醫生的工作

is to help you fall in love with your baby.

是為了幫助你愛上你的寶寶。

I want you to touch that baby.

我想讓你摸摸那個孩子

I want you to snuggle the baby.

我想讓你抱抱孩子。

And the feeling a baby has

還有寶寶的感覺

of being upset and crying and stressed,

的心煩意亂，哭泣和壓力。

and then when they calm with you,

然後當他們和你一起冷靜的時候。

that actually teaches their brain

實際上是在教他們的大腦

to go from upset to calm,

由不安轉為平靜。

and that is a life skill.

而這也是一種生活技能。

Now, as your child gets older,

現在，隨著孩子年齡的增長。

can you spoil a baby or a child who's crying and saying,

你能不能把一個嬰兒或孩子寵壞，誰的哭聲和說。

"I need lollipops for dinner"?

"我需要棒棒糖吃"？

Pressman: Yes, you can. Hammond: Obviously!

普雷斯曼。Yes, you can.Hammond: Obviously!Obviously!

Do not then just pick them up and give them the lollipop.

不要然後就把他們接過來，給他們棒棒糖。

That is a totally different thing.

這是完全不同的事情。

In these first months of life,

在生命的最初幾個月裡。

comforting your baby and calming their body down

安慰寶寶，讓他們的身體平靜下來。

actually helps them be calmer humans long-term.

其實有助於他們長期成為更冷靜的人類。

Oh.

哦。

"Putting honey on a dummy,"

"把蜂蜜放在假人身上"。

aka a pacifier, "will help with teething."

也就是奶嘴，"可以幫助出牙"。

This is a dangerous myth, actually.

這其實是一個危險的神話。

Some myths are just like,

有些神話就像。

your friends are talking about that, don't believe it.