and a year and a half later I slipped out of bed one day

一年半後的某一天，我從床上滑落下來

and I collapsed on the floor.

我倒在了地上。

My parents immediately thought, "Oh, it's polio".

我的父母馬上想到："哦，是小兒麻痺症"。

It would be hard to imagine what a world without vaccines would be like.

很難想象一個沒有疫苗的世界會是什麼樣子。

It would really be quite horrible.

這真的會相當可怕。

There would be outbreaks of disease regularly, all over the world.

世界各地會經常爆發疾病。

The true deep impact, and the global impact, of vaccines

疫苗真正的深層影響，以及對全球的影響。

just can't be underestimated.

就是不能小看。

My grandmother, she used to tell a story

我奶奶，她經常講一個故事。

about when they would hear the bells on a hearse

關於他們何時會聽到靈車的鐘聲。

going down the high street, a funeral.

走在大街上，一個葬禮。

She said as children they would rush to their nursery window

她說，小時候，他們會衝到幼兒園的窗前

to see if there were white ribbons on the horses

看看馬背上是否有白色的絲帶

which meant it was a child funeral,

這意味著這是一個孩子的葬禮。

and they happened several times a week.

而且每週都會發生幾次。

It typically affected children.

它通常影響到兒童。

One of the names for polio was infantile paralysis.

小兒麻痺症的名稱之一是嬰兒麻痺症。

It's quite difficult to imagine a world without vaccines.

很難想象一個沒有疫苗的世界。

Life expectancy would be a lot lower.

壽命會低很多。

People would have to lock themselves away

人們必須把自己關起來

and only come out again when it was safe.

並在安全的時候才再次出來。

And ironically,

而諷刺的是。

there would be such a demand

會有這樣的需求

to do something that vaccines

做一些疫苗能做的事

would inevitably emerge.

將不可避免地出現。

Vaccines are likely the most important public health intervention

疫苗可能是最重要的公共衛生干預措施。

of the last 100 years.

在過去的100年裡，。

They've saved over a billion lives.

他們已經拯救了超過10億人的生命。

With the roll out of vaccines

隨著疫苗的推廣

we have seen a massive reduction in child mortality

我們已經看到兒童死亡率大幅下降；

in sub-Saharan Africa.

撒哈拉以南非洲地區。

I am born in the Gambia

我出生在甘比亞

and growing up there I lost a brother to measles.

我在那裡長大，我有個兄弟死於麻疹。

To lose somebody at a very premature age

在過早的年齡失去某人

from a disease preventable by vaccines is absolutely devastating.

疫苗可以預防的疾病，絕對是毀滅性的。

Vaccines can prevent cancer and there are two cancer vaccines.

疫苗可以預防癌症，有兩種癌症疫苗。

With the roll out of the current malaria vaccine

隨著目前瘧疾疫苗的推出。

we are expecting to see a reduction of 40% of malaria deaths.

我們期望看到瘧疾死亡人數減少40%。

You could bring a vaccine to people

你可以把疫苗帶給人們

but will they take it?

但他們會接受嗎？

Anti-vaccination fears have been around for over a century.

反接種疫苗的恐懼已經存在了一個多世紀。

We know from the 1850s, when Jenner first developed smallpox vaccine

我們從19世紀50年代，詹納首次研製出天花疫苗的時候就知道了

there were actually quite a few protests.

其實有不少的抗議活動。

A lot of it was about civil rights and libertarian values.

很多都是關於民權和自由主義價值觀。

There were arguments saying that it was poisonous,

有論點說，它是有毒的。

that children who received a smallpox vaccine

接種了天花疫苗的兒童的情況

would develop bovine or cow-like traits.

會發展出牛或牛一樣的特徵。

A lot of it was just a genuine knowledge void

很多都是真正的知識空白而已

that a lot of people had in the 1850s that they still have today.

很多人在19世紀50年代就有了，現在還在用。

On the one hand we have the really hardcore anti-vaccination groups,

一方面，我們有真正的鐵桿反疫苗團體。

but a lot of people are actually in the middle,

但其實很多人都在中間。

and I think what we need to do is just engage with people

我認為我們需要做的是與人們接觸。

where they are and where they are talking

他們在哪裡，他們在哪裡說話

and not discount their real concerns.

而不打折他們真正的關注點。

People want to understand things, they want to be confident,

人們想要了解事物，想要自信。

they might be afraid of needles.

他們可能害怕針頭。

We have to understand their context and where they're coming from

我們必須瞭解他們的背景，以及他們的來歷。

and what are their past experiences with health and vaccines.

以及他們過去在健康和疫苗方面有什麼經驗。

We have to ensure that people understand it and they will take it.

我們必須確保人們理解它，他們會接受它。

A world without vaccines, it would be a matter of economic status

一個沒有疫苗的世界，將是一個經濟地位的問題。

where the children of the wealthy will have access to healthcare

富人的子女可以享受醫療服務；

will be surviving.

將在世。

Vaccines are the only public health intervention that can bring equality.

疫苗是唯一能夠帶來平等的公共衛生干預措施。

So women don't need to have five, 10 children

所以女人不需要生5個、10個孩子。

just to see three of them grow to old age.

只是看到他們三個人長到老。

This isn't about just individual rights,

這不僅僅是個人權利的問題。

when you take a vaccine it's protecting yourself,

當你打疫苗的時候就是在保護自己。

it's protecting your family, and it's protecting your community.

這是在保護你的家庭，也是在保護你的社區。

It's not just a personal choice,

這不僅僅是個人的選擇。

it's a moral choice as well that affects other people.

這也是一種道德的選擇，影響到其他人。

It's impossible to emphasise how important vaccines are.

疫苗有多重要，怎麼強調都不為過。

And the reason that we don't often realise that they're important

而我們往往沒有意識到它們的重要性的原因是

is that we've eradicated many of these diseases.

是我們已經根除了許多這些疾病。

The idea that vaccines could be a victim of their own success,

認為疫苗可能是自己成功的犧牲品。

it's about taking things for granted, isn't it?

這是關於把事情視為理所當然的，不是嗎？

And not looking behind

而不是看後面

what the privileges we have in the modern world are,

我們在現代世界擁有的特權是什麼。

and what makes it the modern world,

以及是什麼讓它成為現代世界。

and makes it a safe place for most of us to be,

並使其成為我們大多數人的安全之地。

and vaccines are absolutely at the heart of that.

而疫苗絕對是其中的核心。

They're fundamental.

它們是基本的。