The rules allow for greater government oversight of content on these platforms and make them liable for any content deemed harmful.

這些規則允許政府對這些平臺上的內容進行更大的監督，並使其對任何被認為有害的內容負責。

But critics argue these will have a chilling impact on a constitutional guarantee of freedom of expression and also privacy.

但批評者認為，這些將對憲法保障的言論自由以及隱私產生寒蟬效應。

Welcome to the Energy is one of India's most popular YouTubers and a leading voice.

歡迎來到能量是印度最受歡迎的YouTuber之一，也是一個領先的聲音。

When it comes to political satire in the online space, he is thriving as a content creator for a young digital audience.

當談到網絡領域的政治諷刺時，他作為年輕數字閱聽人的內容創造者正在蓬勃發展。

He started his YouTube channel called The Day's Pug, or The Patriot to talk about social and political issues.

他在YouTube上開了一個叫The Day's Pug的頻道，也就是愛國者頻道，來談論社會和政治問題。

Over the years, he has built up a team and a strong presence on all social media platforms, Banerjee says.

Banerjee說，多年來，他已經建立了一個團隊，並在所有社交媒體平臺上建立了強大的影響力。

The digital landscape has given independent voices like his own a free space to express themselves on a wide range of issues.

數字化的環境給了像他這樣的獨立聲音一個自由的空間，讓他們可以就廣泛的問題發表自己的意見。

But now he is alarmed.

但現在他卻驚慌失措。

The Indian government recently announced a new set of information technology rules it can now more strictly regulates social media content, digital news and streaming giants such as Netflix.

印度政府最近宣佈了一套新的信息技術規則，它現在可以更嚴格地監管社交媒體內容、數字新聞和Netflix等流媒體巨頭。

These platforms are expected to regulate themselves more and also set up a system to address complaints about their content.

這些平臺要加強自律，也要建立一套制度來處理對其內容的投訴。

The government says it wants to prevent what it calls the misuse of these platforms.

政府表示要防止所謂的濫用這些平臺。

I completely agree that news can be misused.

我完全同意新聞可以被濫用。

Uh, it could create to law and order problems, and there should be a set of guidelines for people who are doing news on social media completely understand that.

呃，它可能會創造到法律和秩序問題，並應該有一套準則的人誰是做新聞在社交媒體上完全理解。

But why were the wordings left so convoluted?

但為什麼會留下這麼複雜的措辭呢？

Why is it that it has been left so open ended that anybody who is a commentator who makes a video on published information also is liable to these rules and regulations?

為什麼一直這麼開放，任何一個評論員在發佈的資訊上做視頻，也要承擔這些規章制度的責任？

So it is about controlling the narrative of what people are talking about.

所以，這就是控制人們談論的敘事。

Nickel Power, a digital rights activist and news editor, shares these concerns.

數字權利活動家和新聞編輯Nickel Power也有同樣的擔憂。

He says existing laws already apply to the digital space and that the government is just trying to crack down on content it doesn't like.

他說，現有的法律已經適用於數字領域，政府只是想打擊它不喜歡的內容。

The most important aspect of these regulations is the imposition of a particular section in the Indian Information Technology Act, which allows the government of India to issue orders to censor content so they can block certain content for news and kind of prez entities, which they did not have the power to do before these rules came about.

這些規定最重要的方面是在《印度信息技術法》中強加了一個特殊的條款，允許印度政府發佈審查內容的命令，這樣他們就可以對新聞和種預z實體的某些內容進行封鎖，在這些規則出現之前，他們沒有權力這樣做。

But there are others who have welcomed these rules.

但也有人對這些規則表示歡迎。

Venture capitalists Mohandas Pai says these regulations are the need of the hour to break what he calls the tyranny of digital giants and to protect users.

風險投資家Mohandas Pai表示，這些規定是打破他所說的數字巨頭暴政和保護用戶的當務之急。

If you look at social media today, there are very powerful digital monopolies.

如果你看看今天的社交媒體，有非常強大的數字壟斷。

If you look at detailed news media, many of them have an ideological stand.

如果你看詳細的新聞媒體，很多媒體都有意識形態的立場。

They published defamatory articles.

他們發表誹謗性文章。

They publish fake narratives, etcetera, and where are the traditional media are subject to government controller rules, Digital media or not?

他們發佈虛假的敘事等等，傳統媒體哪裡是受政府控制人的規定，數字媒體到底有沒有？

Banerjee believes these rules give the government disproportionate powers and that now the digital space for creators like him is shrinking even when it comes to content like satire, satire is all about putting.

班納吉認為，這些規則給了政府不相稱的權力，現在像他這樣的創作者的數字空間正在縮小，即使是諷刺這樣的內容，諷刺也是要把。

The facts may be rubbing people a little the wrong way, but unfortunately in India, sarcasm and satire is taken personally.

事實可能會讓人有些摩擦，但不幸的是，在印度，挖苦和諷刺是針對個人的。

So either we see ourselves drumming down our content or we see ourselves fighting cases in courts or we see ourselves spending some time in jail.

所以，我們要麼看到自己的內容被鼓吹，要麼看到自己在法庭上打官司，要麼看到自己在監獄裡呆一段時間。

But that's where we're headed.

但這就是我們要去的地方。

Manager says he will not stop making his show but he knows that he could one day be in the line of fire for his content.

經理說他不會停止做節目，但他知道有一天他可能會因為自己的內容而上火線。

For more on this, I'm joined from Delhi by thank my saying.

更多內容，我從德里加入，感謝我的說法。

He's a lawyer for the nonprofit Internet Freedom Foundation that advocates online freedom in India than my.

他是非營利性互聯網自由基金會的律師，在印度倡導網絡自由，比我。

The government says that these new laws are required to fight the spread of fake news, for example, or revenge pornography on the Internet.

政府表示，這些新的法律是為了打擊假新聞的傳播，例如，或報復性色情在互聯網上的傳播。

I mean, that sounds like a reasonable argument, doesn't it?

我的意思是，這聽起來像一個合理的說法，不是嗎？

Well, first of all, thank you for having me, and you're right.

好吧，首先，感謝你邀請我，你是對的。

There is a reasonable argument, the stated objective, or to fight fake news and revenge, pornography and all of these things.

有一個合理的說法，既定的目標，還是要打擊假新聞和報復、色情這些東西。

Um, that's absolutely perfectly fair.

嗯，這是絕對公平的。

And that's reasonable.

這也是合理的。

And we agree with the intentions here.

而我們同意這裡的意圖。

Um, but we're concerned that the rules go far beyond that, and they also end up regulating entities that don't have a lot to do with this.

嗯，但我們擔心的是，這些規則遠遠不止於此，他們也最終會監管那些與此無關的實體。

For example, voted platforms which are not necessarily very closely connected with the rise of fake news or revenge pornography like Netflix of time.

比如，投票的平臺，這些平臺與假新聞或報復色情的興起未必有非常密切的關係，比如時間的Netflix。

We'll speak about that in a minute, but then I'd like to focus on the first part of the company's where This does apply, for example, social media companies.

我們一會兒會講到這一點，但隨後我想重點講講公司的第一部分，這確實適用於例如社交媒體公司。

Now India is a huge market for social media giants such as Facebook and Twitter.

現在，印度是Facebook和Twitter等社交媒體巨頭的巨大市場。

For example, how do these new rules impact social media users of, say, Facebook in India, Right?

例如，這些新規則對印度的Facebook等社交媒體用戶有什麼影響吧？

Uh, so these rules, they give the government a much greater level of control over social media intermediaries like Facebook, instagram, even WhatsApp than the government exercised before.

呃，所以這些規則，讓政府對Facebook、instagram、甚至WhatsApp等社交媒體中介的控制力，比政府之前行使的要大得多。

Um, they give the government white powers for issuing takedown orders.

嗯，他們給了政府白權，讓其發佈逮捕令。

Um, even more than was available with the government before and in the event of, um, these intermediaries not complying with the government's orders, they could be a range of punishments.

嗯，甚至比之前在政府那裡得到的更多，如果，嗯，這些中介不遵守政府的命令，他們可能會受到一系列的懲罰。

Um, including the intermediaries such as what?

嗯，包括中介機構，如什麼？

Uh, sorry, Facebook or Twitter could be liable themselves for the content that's posted on these websites now.

呃，對不起，Facebook或Twitter可能會為現在這些網站上發佈的內容自己負責。

That's a very worrying development, because we expect.

這是一個非常令人擔憂的發展，因為我們期望。

And we were concerned that this will cause, um, a chilling effect on fundamental rights to speech and expression and the access to information to the citizens of India.

我們擔心，這將導致，嗯，寒蟬效應的基本權利言論和表達，並獲得資訊的印度公民。

But shouldn't the social media companies be responsible?

但社交媒體公司是不是應該負責任呢？

Somebody has to be held accountable for any harmful content that does come on to these platforms, shouldn't they?

有人必須為這些平臺上的任何有害內容負責，難道不應該嗎？

So I absolutely agree with you that, um I think they're absolutely It is necessary to combat fake news and a lot of things, but, um, I think they're they're balance needs to be struck between taking down illegitimate, um, forms of expression and protecting legitimate forms of expression.

所以，我絕對同意你的說法，嗯，我認為他們是絕對 這是必要的，以打擊假新聞和很多東西， 但是，嗯，我認為他們是他們的平衡需要被打倒 非法，嗯，表達形式和保護合法的表達形式之間。

Uh, and speech.

呃，還有演講。

Um, and we're concerned that these rules do not presently in in their current form, strike that balance.

嗯，我們擔心，這些規則不 目前在他們的當前形式，實現這種平衡。

Um, appropriately, Do you have similar concerns for the O.

嗯，適當的，你對O有類似的擔心嗎。

T.

T.

T platforms?

T平臺？

Essentially the so called over the top platforms Platforms that offer entertainment such as Amazon, Netflix are online news portals, for example?

本質上所謂的超前平臺 提供娛樂的平臺，如亞馬遜、Netflix都是在線新聞門戶網站，例如？

Yes, Absolutely.

是的，絕對的。

Um, we're going to put aside arguments relating to the constitutionality of these rules and the manner in which these rules were passed by the government, and we will focus for the moment just on the content of the rules themselves.

嗯，我們將拋開與這些規則的合憲性和政府通過這些規則的方式有關的爭論，我們將暫時只關注規則本身的內容。

Um, in the in the second half of the rules, they discussed the regulations relating to OD D platforms and digital news platforms.

嗯，在規則的後半部分，他們討論了OD D平臺和數字新聞平臺的相關規定。

What these rules have done essentially is that they've created a three D R oversight mechanism over the content that is posted on all platforms and on digital news media platforms where the first year is.

這些規則實質上做的是，他們建立了一個三D R監督機制，對所有平臺和數字新聞媒體平臺上發佈的內容進行監督，其中第一年是。

These platforms themselves will have a grievance addressing mechanism and in the second year, while it is framed as a self regulatory mechanism, where, UM where these entities will get together and they will form a self regulatory body from amongst themselves.

這些平臺本身會有一個申訴處理機制，第二年，同時它被框定為一個自律機制，在那裡，UM這些實體會聚集在一起，他們會從他們中間形成一個自律機構。

The government exercises a great amount of control over the second year because the government is retains final approval over the appointments that are in this self regulatory body and in the third year it's the government, it said.

它說，政府在第二年行使了很大的控制權，因為政府是保留了對這個自律機構的任命的最終批准權，在第三年是政府。

The third year is an oversight mechanism committee which comprises of officers um of various ministries of the central government and is headed by the secretary of the Ministry of Information and Broadcasting.

第三年是一個監督機制委員會，由中央政府各部委的官員組成，由新聞和廣播部的祕書負責。

Now what this three d a mechanism that have just distribute does is that it retains final approval and final say over what sort of content can be or cannot be hosted by Utd platforms such as Netflix and prime or digital news media websites.

現在這個三d一個機制，有剛剛分發做的是它保留了最終的準許和最終的發言權，什麼樣的內容可以或不能由Netflix和prime等平臺或數字新聞媒體網站託管。

Um, which which we think is very dangerous then by saying we leave it there for the time being.

嗯，我們認為這是非常危險的，那麼通過說，我們離開它的時間。

But thank you so much for joining us from Delhi.

但非常感謝你從德里加入我們的行列。

Thanks very much.

謝謝你