Name: 為什麼一些國家暫停了阿斯利康的疫苗 - BBC News (Why some countries have paused AstraZeneca vaccines - BBC News)
Uploaded: 2021-03-16T18:25:24.000Z
Duration: 6 min 41 s

進階被動語態

you'd be forgiven for asking what is going on with the AstraZeneca vaccine in Europe in January, there were bitter words about delays in its supply.

你會被原諒，問阿斯利康疫苗在歐洲1月是怎麼回事，有關於其供應延遲的苦口婆心。

There was an insistence that the EU would act as one on vaccines, and President Macron questioned how effective it is for older people while the European regulators cleared it for use.

有人堅持認為歐盟將在疫苗問題上一體行動，馬克龍總統質疑它對老年人的效果如何，而歐洲監管機構卻準許使用。

Then in February, it became clear many AstraZeneca doses in the EU were yet to be used.

然後在2月，歐盟的許多阿斯利康劑量顯然還沒有被使用。

And now in March, some EU countries, including France and Germany, have acted on their own and suspended its use without waiting for the European regulator.

而現在3月，包括法國和德國在內的一些歐盟國家已經自行採取行動，不等歐洲監管機構的準許就暫停使用。

That's prompted this senior global health researcher to say the decisions by France, Germany and other countries look baffling now.

這促使這位資深的全球健康研究人員說，法國、德國和其他國家的決定現在看起來令人費解。

And here are the reasons why some battle.

Last week, Norway, Iceland, Denmark, Lithuania, Latvia and Estonia suspended the use of AstraZeneca's vaccine.

上週，挪威、冰島、丹麥、立陶宛、拉脫維亞和愛沙尼亞暫停使用阿斯利康的疫苗。

A small number of people out of several million had experienced blood clots.

在幾百萬人中，有一小部分人有過血栓的經歷。

The decision was taken despite the and the European Medicines Agency, both saying there's no evidence of a link between the vaccine and blood clots.

儘管和歐洲藥品管理局都說沒有證據表明疫苗和血栓之間有聯繫，但還是做出了這個決定。

Also last week, Italy suspended the use of one batch of AstraZeneca because a soldier had a cardiac arrest.

同樣在上週，意大利暫停使用一批阿斯利康，因為一名阿兵哥心臟驟停。

Now it's very rare for a particular batch of a vaccine to be a particular problem.

現在，某批次的疫苗出現特殊問題的情況非常少見。

There was no evidence of a link between the cardiac arrest and the vaccine, and AstraZeneca has run its own tests and found no issues.

沒有證據表明心臟驟停和疫苗之間有聯繫，阿斯利康公司自己進行了測試，沒有發現問題。

Now France, Italy, Germany, Spain, Ireland and the Netherlands have fully suspended this vaccines use.

現在，法國、意大利、德國、西班牙、愛爾蘭和荷蘭已經全面暫停使用這種疫苗。

The German government is suspending vaccination with AstraZeneca as a preventative measure.

德國政府正在暫停接種阿斯利康的疫苗作為預防措施。

This is due to new cases of cerebral vein thrombosis reported in connection with the vaccine.

這是由於與疫苗有關的新的腦靜脈血栓病例報告。

Now these countries are pointing to Norway, where four people, three of whom are under 50 are being treated in hospital.

現在，這些國家都指向挪威，那裡有4人，其中3人不到50歲，正在醫院接受治療。

The medical director of the Norwegian Medicines Agency says they have very unusual symptoms.

挪威藥品管理局的醫學主任說，他們的症狀很不尋常。

Bleeding blood clots and a low count of blood platelets.

We take this very seriously as of course does everyone.

我們非常重視這個問題，當然每個人也是如此。

But then we have this from AstraZeneca's chief medical officer, who says around 17 million people in the EU and the UK have now received our vaccine and the number of cases of blood clots reported in this group is lower than the hundreds of cases that would be expected among the general population.

但是我們還有阿斯利康的首席醫療官說，現在歐盟和英國大約有1700萬人接種了我們的疫苗，這個群體中報告的血栓病例數低於普通人群中預期的數百例。

The rate of blood clots is lower than we'd expect anyway, which is why some argue these suspensions are the wrong approach.

反正血栓的發生率比我們預期的要低，這也是為什麼有人認為這些停藥的方法是錯誤的。

Case is going up in many European states.

案件在歐洲許多國家都在上升。

A faltering vaccination program with high levels of vaccine hesitancy already, and they are not looking at the downsides of the suspension.

一個搖搖欲墜的疫苗接種計劃，疫苗的猶豫程度已經很高，他們並沒有看到暫停的弊端。

Once this suspension has happened, rebuilding public trust may be impossible.

一旦發生這種暫停，重建公眾信任可能是不可能的。

Those taking the decision admit they are being cautious.

做出決定的人承認他們很謹慎。

His Ireland's deputy chief medical officer, who says it may be nothing.

他的愛爾蘭副首席醫療官，他說這可能沒什麼。

We may be overreacting, and I sincerely hope that in a week's time were accused of being overcautious.

我們可能反應過度，我真心希望一週後被指責過於謹慎。

Well, we don't need to wait a week for that.

好吧，我們不需要等一個星期。

And the reason for those accusations of excess caution is that these decisions are being taken in a vacuum.

而那些對過度謹慎的指責，是因為這些決定是在真空中作出的。

As one of Germany's leading doctors puts it.

The AstraZeneca vaccine has a PR problem, not so much a scientific problem, and all of these national regulators in the you know very well that this vaccines reputation is an issue.

阿斯利康疫苗有一個公關問題，而不是科學問題，所有這些國家監管機構在你很清楚，這個疫苗的聲譽是一個問題。

Look at this headline from Z I B two News in Austria Problem stuff equals problem med In other words, this vaccine is a problem and these are pictures from Belgium's largest vaccination center in February, far from busy.

看看奧地利Z I B兩個新聞的這個標題 問題的東西等於問題的醫療 換句話說，這個疫苗是個問題，這些圖片來自比利時最大的疫苗接種中心，2月份，遠遠沒有忙完。

The Guardian reported that by the end of last month, four out of five AstraZeneca jabs delivered to the EU had not been used.

據《衛報》報道，截至上月底，交付歐盟的5支阿斯利康針劑中，有4支沒有被使用。

Now there are a range of factors here, but regulators?

現在這裡有一系列的因素，但監管者?

Some people are reticent to take the AstraZeneca vaccine and they know these suspensions risk increasing that reticence.

有些人對服用阿斯利康疫苗持緘默態度，他們知道這些停藥有可能增加這種緘默態度。

They also know there is a cost if these suspensions slow the vaccine rollout as Natasha Loader from the Economist tweets, side effects of the suspension of the AstraZeneca vaccine include severe to moderate covid 19 long term organ damage and death.

他們也知道，如果這些暫停是有代價的，如果這些暫停減緩了疫苗的推出，正如《經濟學人》的Natasha Loader在推特上所說，暫停阿斯利康疫苗的副作用包括嚴重到中度的covid 19長期器官損傷和死亡。

The head of the group which made this vaccine makes a similar point.

製造這種疫苗的集團負責人也提出了類似的觀點。

Well, I think we have to balance that against the huge risks that there are covid and if we have no vaccination and we come out of lockdown in this country, will expect tens of thousands of more deaths to occur during this year.

好吧，我想我們必須平衡，對巨大的風險，有covid，如果我們沒有疫苗接種，我們走出封鎖，在這個國家，將預計數以萬計的更多死亡發生在今年。

And while EU member states shift their position on this vaccine, the UK is administered 11 million doses and the rollout goes on.

而當歐盟成員國轉變對這種疫苗的立場時，英國卻被注射了1100萬劑疫苗，並繼續推廣。

We continue to be very confident about the program and it's great to see it being rolled out of such such speed across the across the UK The prime minister hasn't criticized what's being done elsewhere, but not everyone is holding back.

我們繼續對該計劃充滿信心，並且很高興看到它正在以如此快的速度在英國各地推出首相沒有責備其他地方正在做的事情，但不是每個人都在猶豫不決。

The former UK government adviser here says this is painful to watch and a total failure of proportionate regulation, the point being that you cannot apply this level of scientific caution when your vaccine has a reputation issue, despite it being found to be safe and effective.

英國前政府顧問在此表示，這讓人痛心疾首，也是比例監管的徹底失敗，關鍵是，當你的疫苗出現聲譽問題時，儘管發現它是安全有效的，但你不能採用這種科學謹慎的水準。

And there's a pandemic that urgently needs to be tamed.

而且有一種流行病迫切需要被馴服。

There's also criticism of the fundamental calculation here.

Some argue that while these symptoms could be caused by the vaccine, chance is a more likely explanation.

有人認為，雖然這些症狀可能是由疫苗引起的，但偶然性是更可能的解釋。

Here's the statistician So David Spiegel Halter, writing in The Guardian, saying it's a common human tendency to attribute a causal effect between different events, even when there isn't one present.

這是統計學家蘇大衛-斯皮格爾-哈爾特在《衛報》上寫的，他說，這是人類的一種常見傾向，即在不同事件之間歸因於一種因果關係，即使沒有一個存在。

We watched the car and the next day a bird relieves itself all over the bonnet, right?

我們看了車，第二天一隻鳥在引擎蓋上解了圍，對吧？

But the people across Europe taking these decisions are not me or you looking at a dirty car bonnet and drawing the wrong conclusion.

但是，全歐洲做出這些決定的人，不是我，也不是你看著一個髒兮兮的汽車引擎蓋，得出錯誤的結論。

These are leading medical regulators, and they say their decision is about confidence building.

這些都是領先的醫療監管機構，他們說他們的決定是關於建立信心。

其實，小夥伴們，從某種程度上看。

This should increase your confidence in vaccination programs.

這應該會增加你對疫苗接種計劃的信心。

What you want is you want us to deliver safe programs.

你要的是你要我們提供安全的方案。

We are taking every measure to make sure that that is what we're doing.

我們正在採取一切措施，以確保這就是我們正在做的事情。

There is, though, a risk building confidence is the goal, bringing in a raft of suspensions based on far from conclusive data, maybe to use Emmanuel Macron's infamous phrase quasi ineffective at doing that.

不過，有一個風險，建立信心是目標，根據遠非決定性的數據帶來大量的暫停，也許用埃馬紐埃爾-馬克龍的臭名昭著的短語準無效做到這一點。

It's not hard to imagine confidence falling because of all these suspensions.

不難想象，因為這些暫停，信心下降。

 And if that happens, that will impact the speed of the vaccine rollout, which in turn will bring a human cost from the virus. 

而如果出現這種情況，就會影響到疫苗的推廣速度，進而帶來病毒帶來的人力成本。