is more than just addressing personality.

不僅僅是解決個性問題。

It's actually addressing the way we really relate to ourselves.

這其實是在解決我們與自己真正的關係。

Flexibility is the ability to adjust your thoughts, actions and feelings

靈活性是調整你的思想、行動和感覺的能力。

to the circumstances you find yourself in.

到你發現自己所處的環境。

Situations change, and so it's important to be able

形勢會發生變化，是以，重要的是能夠

to adjust and behave in the most functional way to achieve your goals.

以最實用的方式調整和行為，以實現你的目標。

When you're born, your brain is not finished.

當你出生時，你的大腦還沒有結束。

Infant brains are born under construction.

嬰兒的大腦是在建設中誕生的。

They're waiting for a set of wiring instructions

他們在等一套接線說明。

from the world.

從世界。

If you expose your children to a lot of varying experiences

如果你讓你的孩子接觸到很多不同的經驗。

then you're basically wiring your child's brain

那麼你基本上是在給你孩子的大腦佈線

to function in a flexible way

以靈活的方式運作

and to learn new things when necessary.

並在必要時學習新的東西。

If your child's experiences are very restricted

如果你的孩子的經驗非常有限

then your child will have less flexibility to adjust their actions

那麼你的孩子就會減少調整自己行動的靈活性。

to the situations that they're in.

到他們所處的情況。

There's a really well-known

有一個非常著名的

demonstration of flexibility

示範性

called the Stroop test.

稱為Stroop測試。

A sequence of words, such as red, green, yellow, blue

紅、綠、黃、藍等一連串的詞語。

but written in different colours.

但用不同的顏色書寫。

When you present people with a whole list of these

當你向人們展示了一大堆的這些

you find that it takes people longer to name the colour of the ink

你發現人們需要更長時間才能說出墨水的顏色。

when the word is written in a colour that is different to the actual word.

當字的顏色與實際字的顏色不同時。

The idea behind that

這背後的想法

is in order to be able to name the colour

是為了能夠給顏色命名。

requires people to switch between

要求人們在

different pieces of information in their mind.

不同的資訊在他們的腦海中。

In simple terms,

簡單來說：

what happens is that when they scan the word colour

發生的事情是，當他們掃描單詞顏色

the automatic processes of reading the word

讀詞的自動過程

interfere with the person's ability to state the colour out loud.

干擾人大聲陳述顏色的能力。

The more difficult people find this generally

比較困難的人發現，一般

the less cognitively flexible they are.

他們的認知靈活性越低。

When your brain can't predict something,

當你的大腦無法預知一些事情的時候。

or when you have to take in new information that you didn't predict,

或者當你不得不接受你沒有預測到的新資訊時。

that's what we call learning.

這就是我們所說的學習。

So your brain can update, it can learn,

所以你的大腦可以更新，可以學習。

or your brain can ignore the sense data

或者你的大腦可以忽略感覺數據

and just go with its own prediction.

而只是按照自己的預測去做。

Flexibility means tailoring a response to the specific situation,

靈活性是指根據具體的情況，量身定做對策。

either by predicting well

要麼是通過良好的預測

or by learning when there is prediction error.

或在有預測誤差時通過學習。

A lot of what psychological flexibility is about

心理彈性的很多內容

is the way in which people use resources that they have available

是指人們使用現有資源的方式。

in dealing with stress.

在處理壓力方面。

One of the things about psychological inflexibility

心理不靈活是其中之一

is that people are not using their resources

是人們沒有使用他們的資源

in a way that's helpful to them.

以對他們有幫助的方式。

Quite often they're using a very narrow range of their resources

往往他們使用的資源範圍非常狹窄。

to be able to adapt.

要能適應。

And the idea

而這個想法

in psychological flexibility

在心理靈活性方面

is really to move people

是真正讓人感動

from a state of what psychologists call languishing,

從心理學家所說的呆滯狀態。

of being stuck in a less than satisfactory situation,

陷於不如意的境地。

to move them out of that zone

以使其離開該區域

into a zone of achieving more of their potential.

進入更多發揮自身潛力的區域。

What stops people from changing their lives

是什麼阻止了人們改變自己的生活

from a state of low satisfaction to one of higher satisfaction

從低滿意到高滿意

is quite often to do with inflexibility

往往與僵化有關

in the way they approach the problem that they're facing.

在他們處理他們所面臨的問題的方式。

So there's a really deep lesson here.

所以這裡面的教訓真的很深刻。

You can take more control

你可以更多的控制

over your environment.

在你的環境中。

You are not just a passive recipient of whatever the world gives you.

你不只是一個被動接受世界給你的任何東西的人。

Spending time cultivating experiences

花時間培養經驗

and foraging for new information

和尋找新的資訊

is an investment in maintaining a flexible brain.

是保持靈活大腦的一種投資。

These are all opportunities to expose yourself to prediction error

這些都是讓自己暴露在預測錯誤中的機會

so that your brain can solve problems more flexibly in the future.

以便你的大腦今後能更靈活地解決問題。

So exposing yourself to stuff you don't know,

所以把自己不知道的東西暴露出來。

and maybe even ideas you don't like,

甚至可能是你不喜歡的想法。

might make you feel crappy in the moment

可能會讓你覺得當下很糟糕

but actually

但實際上

it is a really good investment.

這是一個非常好的投資。