Name: 大臣公佈數十年來最大的財政預算加稅幅度，為Covid危機提供資金 - BBC News (Chancellor unveils biggest Budget tax rises in decades to fund Covid crisis - BBC News)
Uploaded: 2021-03-04T21:45:37.000Z
Duration: 11 min 16 s

轉承詞

the enormous cost of shoring up the economy because of the pandemic has been spelled out by the chancellor.

大臣已經明確指出，由於這場大流行病，為挽救經濟而付出的巨大代價。

In today's budget, Mr Stronach revealed a series of measures that will take the UK's overall tax burden to its highest level since the 19 sixties.

在今天的預算案中，斯特羅納奇先生透露了一系列措施，這些措施將使英國的整體稅負達到1960年代以來的最高水準。

情態副詞

And he insisted that without what he called corrective action, the national debt would go on rising indefinitely.

他堅持認為，如果不採取他所謂的糾正行動，國債將無限期地上升。

Now, the furlough scheme for workers and support for the self employed will be extended to September, as will that £20 a week uplift in universal credit.

現在，工人的休假計劃和對自僱者的支持將延長到9月，全民信貸中每週20英鎊的提升也將延長。

Uh, for the retail, hospitality and leisure sectors.

呃，對於零售、酒店和休閒行業。

The business rates holiday will continue until June, and there's an extra £65 billion being spent on the whole range of support measures.

商業稅率假期將持續到6月，還有額外的650億英鎊被用於整個系列的支持措施。

Paying for all of this will take a long time, says the chancellor.

宰相說，支付所有這些都需要很長的時間。

Income tax allowances will be frozen from April 2022 for four years, and that means more than a million people will start to pay income tax and a million more will start to pay the higher rate.

所得稅免稅額將從2022年4月起凍結4年，這意味著超過100萬人將開始繳納所得稅，還有100萬人將開始繳納較高稅率。

That's the taxes paid by companies on their profits that arise from 19 to 25% by 2023 and all that will only make something of a dent, really, in the record amounts that the government is borrowing more than £355 billion this year alone.

這就是企業繳納的利潤稅，到2023年，從19%到25%產生，所有的這些只會讓政府今年的借款金額創紀錄的超過3550億英鎊，真的是有點小題大做。

We'll be looking at the measures in detail, but we'll start with our political editor, Laura Ginsburg.

我們將詳細研究這些措施，但我們將從我們的政治編輯勞拉-金斯伯格開始。

The virus is clouded everything, making the future hard to see.

病毒矇蔽了一切，讓人難以看到未來。

But the economical art has been flashing red.

但有經濟效益的藝術一直在閃爍著紅光。

Lockdowns cut income, busted the country's bank balance.

封鎖減少了收入，打破了國家的銀行平衡。

What are we going to start tapering enough?

And the red boxes first job to extend emergency lifelines.

而紅盒子的第一項工作就是延長應急生命線。

But repeatedly, the chancellor had promised us hard truths to what was originally thought to be.

但是，宰相多次向我們承諾了原本以為的硬道理。

A temporary disruption to our way of life has fundamentally altered it, So emergency measures brought in during the scramble at the start of the pandemic will go on for months to come.

我們的生活方式暫時中斷，但卻從根本上改變了我們的生活方式，所以在大流行開始時的爭奪中帶來的應急措施將在未來幾個月內繼續實施。

The furlough scheme will be extended until the end of September.

For employees, there will be no change to the terms.

對於員工來說，條款不會有任何變化。

They will continue to receive 80% of their salary for hours not worked until the scheme ends.

他們將繼續領取未工作時間的80%的工資，直到計劃結束。

Billions more will be spent during this strange lockdown era, a long list of props under the economy.

在這個陌生的鎖國時代，經濟下的一長串道具，還會有幾十億的花費。

Six months more of £20 extra on universal credit, lower V A T and cheaper stamp duty.

6個月多出20英鎊的普遍信貸，更低的V A T和更便宜的印花稅。

But for this chancellor for his party, that simply can't last forever.

但對於他黨的這位宰相來說，這根本不可能永遠持續下去。

The amount we've borrowed is comparable only with the amount we borrowed during the two World wars.

我們所借的金額，只有兩次世界大戰期間的借貸金額可以相比。

It's going to be the work of many governments over many decades to pay it back, just as it would be irresponsible to withdraw support too soon.

這將是許多國家政府幾十年來的工作來償還，就像過早撤回支持是不負責任的一樣。

It would also be irresponsible to allow our future borrowing and debt to rise unchecked.

如果允許我們未來的借貸和債務不受控制地增加，也是不負責任的。

He took a big gulp before what came next.

在接下來的事情之前，他大喝一聲。

A million people will move into the higher rate of income tax, and 1.3 million who don't earn much will start to pay.

100萬人將進入較高的所得稅稅率，130萬收入不高的人將開始繳納。

Our first step is to freeze personal tax thresholds.

This policy does remove the incremental benefit created.

這項政策確實取消了所創造的增量福利。

Had thresholds continued to increase with inflation, we are not hiding it.

如果門檻隨著通貨膨脹繼續提高，我們也不隱瞞。

Business will cheer a chunky new tax break to get them investing the so called super deduction.

企業會歡呼一個大塊頭的新稅收優惠，讓他們投資所謂的超級扣除。

With the super deduction, they can now reduce their tax bill by 130% of the cost but from 2023 in a real about turn, some companies will pay a lot more tax on profits.

通過超級扣除，他們現在可以減少130%的稅費，但從2023年開始，在真正的約轉，一些公司將支付更多的利潤稅。

The rate of corporation tax paid on company profits will increase to 25%.

公司利潤的公司稅率將提高到25%。

These are significant decisions to have taken decisions no chancellor wants to make.

這些都是大法官不想做的重大決定。

I recognize they might not be popular, but they are honest, big spending in tune with the boss, perhaps, but extraordinary measures some in his own party might think.

我承認他們可能不受歡迎，但他們是誠實的，大的消費與老闆的調子，也許，但非常措施，一些在他自己的黨可能認為。

An important moment is upon us a moment of challenge and of change of difficulties, yes, but of possibilities to This is a budget that meets that moment, and I commend it to the House.

一個重要的時刻正在來臨，這是一個充滿挑戰和變化的時刻，是的，但也是一個充滿可能性的時刻，這就是一個迎接這個時刻的預算，我向大會推薦它。

Despite all the billions, public spending overall will actually go down.

儘管有幾十億，但整體公共開支實際上會下降。

But with huge numbers and big taxes from the Tories, how would labour cut through the gloom?

但在保守黨的龐大數字和大筆稅收下，工黨如何斬斷陰霾？

One day we'll all be able to take our masks off, and so will the chancellor, and then you'll see who he really is.

總有一天，我們都能摘下面具，宰相也能摘下面具，然後你就會看到他的真面目。

This is a budget that didn't even attempt to rebuild the foundations of our economy or to secure the country's long term prosperity.

這是一份甚至沒有試圖重建我們經濟基礎或確保國家長期繁榮的預算。

Instead, it did the job the chancellor always intended.

反而起到了宰相一直想做的工作。

The party opposite spent a decade weakening the foundations of our economy.

對方用十年時間削弱了我國經濟的基礎。

But the truth is they won't confront what went wrong in the past, and they have no plan for the future.

但事實上，他們不會正視過去的錯誤，他們對未來也沒有計劃。

Soon I was conscious of spreading spending two new Tory constituencies and across the UK to the chancellor stood up today and double down at exactly the same mistake that has been making through this pandemic.

很快，我意識到傳播支出兩個新的保守黨選區和整個英國的大法官今天站了起來，並在完全相同的錯誤，一直在通過這種流行病的雙重下降。

Temporary extensions and temporary support could only ever mean a temporary reprieve for those Millions have been crippled by uncertainty for months, the millions of people out there and tens of thousands of businesses and self employed who will be very, very disappointed.

臨時延期和臨時支持對於那些已經被不確定性削弱了數月的數百萬人、數百萬人以及數以萬計的企業和自營職業者來說，只能意味著暫時的緩和，他們會非常非常失望。

Liberal Democrats have been particularly calling on more help for small businesses, micro businesses and the self employed, and there was just nowhere near enough.

自由民主黨一直特別呼籲為小企業、微型企業和自僱人士提供更多的幫助，只是現在遠遠不夠。

The chancellor chose not just to tinker but to make big decisions, but they could have to shift with a tiny flicker to the cost of all his borrowing or an even more prolonged pandemic.

宰相選擇的不僅僅是修修補補，而是做出重大的決定，但他們可能不得不以微小的閃爍來轉移他所有借款的成本，或者更長時間的大流行。

This budget, the way the country earns a living, is deeply vulnerable to what comes next strangeness of the last 12 months, all the pain of the pandemic has changed so much about our economy, about our politics and also about our assumptions.

這個預算，國家謀生的方式，是深深的脆弱的下一個陌生的過去12個月，所有的痛苦的流行病改變了這麼多關於我們的經濟，關於我們的政治，也關於我們的假設。

So today we saw a conservative chancellor pump up the emergency air bags again, first and foremost, to extend the emergency support that has got many businesses and families through this pandemic.

所以今天我們看到一個保守的大法官又打起了應急氣囊，首先是延長了應急支持，讓很多企業和家庭度過了這次疫情。

But second of all, he set out and chose to give a plan for very chunky tax rises that will hit business and will hit millions of taxpayers in the years to come, not just the wealthy.

但其次，他提出並選擇給出了一個非常大塊的加稅計劃，這將打擊企業，並將在未來幾年內打擊數百萬納稅人，而不僅僅是富人。

And despite all the big sums that have been spent and all the big sums that are there in the years to come, the amount of money that will be available for day to day spending is actually still set to shrink.

而儘管已經花了那麼多大錢，未來幾年也有那麼多大錢，但用於日常消費的錢其實還是會縮水的。

And when she soon act today has also, perhaps in contradiction with some of his own instincts ended.

而當她很快行動的今天也已經，也許是與自己的一些本能相矛盾的結局。

Tory dreams of a return to a low tax lien economy anytime soon.

託利夢見自己很快就會回到低稅率的留置經濟。

But you know, Hugh, in the last few months there has been so much give in the years to come.

但你知道，休，在過去的幾個月裡，在未來的幾年裡，有這麼多的付出。

There's no question there's gonna be a lot of take Laura.

毫無疑問，會有很多人拿勞拉。

Many thanks again, Laura Ginsburg there with her analysis of the budget at Westminster.

再次感謝勞拉-金斯伯格在那裡對威斯敏斯特的預算進行分析。

UM, let's turn then to the likely economic impact of the range of measures announced by the chancellor today, including that rise in corporation tax.

嗯，那麼我們再來看看大法官今天宣佈的一系列措施可能對經濟產生的影響，包括增加公司稅。

That's the tax paid on company profits, which represents really a notable reversal of the conservative policy of recent decades.

這就是公司利潤所繳納的稅款，這確實是近幾十年來保守政策的一個明顯逆轉。

The Office for Budget Responsibility says the overall budget package will lead to the highest overall tax burden on the UK economy for more than half a century.

預算責任辦公室表示，整體預算方案將導致英國經濟的整體稅負達到半個多世紀以來最高。

Our economics editor, Faisal Islam, explains more.

我們的經濟學編輯Faisal Islam為您詳細解讀。

There's never been a real world budget backdrop like this, and nor has there been a budget like it, either.

從來沒有這樣的現實世界的預算背景，也沒有這樣的預算。

It contains a message that the vaccine is getting us through to a reopening, so it's worth one more push, pumping tens of billions more in immediate support to carry on saving jobs.

它包含了一個資訊，就是疫苗讓我們度過了一個重新開放的階段，所以值得再推一把，再注入幾百億的即時支持，繼續挽救就業。

The real story of the decisions is in the budget book charts and what's known as the scorecard.

真正的決策故事就在預算書圖表和所謂的記分卡中。

Adding up the impact of all the new policies today by year in this coming year, the government will be pumping significantly more into the economy, nearly £60 billion extra in for low self employment grants and the massive incentive to get businesses to invest.

將今天所有新政策的影響逐年加起來，在未來的一年裡，政府對經濟的注入將大大增加，近600億英鎊的額外投入，用於低自僱補助和大規模激勵企業投資。

But significantly higher corporation tax and the freeze on personal tax allowances claws back much of that, but only substantially.

但是，大幅提高的公司稅和凍結的個稅免稅額會使其中的大部分被收回，但只是大幅收回。

After three years, that extension of support and progress on the vaccine all leads to this.

三年後，這種支持的延長和疫苗的進展都導致了這一點。

The latest official forecasts are that unemployment will peak at 6.5% up from now, but far lower than the expected peak of 8% and above 10% in last year's pessimistic scenario.

最新的官方預測，失業率峰值將比現在上升6.5%，但遠低於去年悲觀情況下8%的預期峰值和10%以上。

Basically, this means far more people than expected, returning straight to their jobs from furlough.

基本上，這意味著遠超預期的人，放假後直接返回工作崗位。

The flip side of that is the amount the government has borrowed to pay for.

反過來說，就是政府借了多少錢來支付。

These support schemes has been at record peacetime levels multiples of previous years.

這些支助計劃在和平時期的水準是往年的數倍。

That had been expected to fall relatively fast instead in the coming year as a result of today's spending that stays above 10% of the size of the economy before falling back.

本來預計在未來一年內，由於今天的支出保持在經濟規模的10%以上，然後再回落，反而會下降得比較快。

The reason he's raising taxes over the next few years is not to pay back the debt we've accumulated over the last couple of years.

他之所以要在未來幾年加稅，並不是為了償還我們過去幾年積累的債務。

Rather, it's to deal with the fact the economy will be smaller and therefore the ongoing deficit would be bigger.

而是為了應對經濟會變小，是以持續的赤字會變大。

But what's happened over this year that's something we will pay back over a very long time.

但這一年來發生的事情，那是我們會在很長一段時間內償還的。

The core calculation in this budget is to let near record levels of borrowing continue in order to sustain ongoing crisis, support for workers and also a novel attempt to kick businesses to invest.

這份預算案的核心計算是讓接近創紀錄的借貸水準繼續下去，以維持持續的危機，對工人的支持，同時也是一種新穎的嘗試，以踢開企業投資。

The bill comes a couple of years later mainly for big corporations but also some income taxpayers.

該法案在幾年後出臺，主要是針對大公司，但也包括一些收入的納稅人。

The end results the pandemic having a permanent impact on the size of our government Has the pandemic fundamentally changed the conservative approach to big business, big borrowing, big taxation and big spending?

最終的結果是，這場大疫對我國政府的規模產生了永久性的影響，這場大疫是否從根本上改變了保守派對大企業、大借貸、大稅收和大開支的態度？

 Obviously the pandemic has dealt us a pretty bad damage to the public finances and the economy and I think I and the government have a responsibility to put those on back in a strong position over time but do that in a way that is supportive our economic recovery in the short term, but also do so in a way that is fair, the chancellor says. 

顯然，這場大流行給我們的公共財政和經濟造成了相當嚴重的損害，我認為我和政府有責任隨著時間的推移將這些放在一個強大的位置上，但這樣做的方式是支持我們的經濟復甦在短期內，但也是以一種公平的方式，大法官說。