Two subjects.

兩個科目。

We're going to look at some pronouns and we're going to look at the preparatory subject there.

我們要看一些代詞，我們要看那裡的預備主語。

Okay, I'll get to I'll explain what that means.

好吧，我會得到 我會解釋這意味著什麼。

So, generally speaking, you've learned from basic classes your verb will match the subject, right?

所以，一般來說，你從基礎課上學到了你的動詞會配合主語，對吧？

If the subject is singular, the verb will be singular.

如果主語是單數，動詞就會是單數。

If the subject is over, If the subject is plural, the verb will be plural.

如果主語是過，如果主語是複數，動詞就會是複數。

Right now, here we have a little bit of a problem.

現在，在這裡我們有一點問題。

Why?

為什麼？

Because the word there is not actually the subject of the sentence.

因為那裡的詞其實不是句子的主體。

This is called a preparatory subject laboratory, this case preparatory subject picnic, which means that it's taking the place of the subject, which comes later, which it comes after the verb.

這叫預備主語實驗室，這種情況下預備主語野餐，也就是說它是代替主語，主語在後面，它在動詞後面。

The reason we do that is because to begin the sentence with a long subject doesn't feel comfortable.

我們之所以這樣做，是因為用一個長主語來開頭，感覺不舒服。

So we move it to the end of the sentence, and we put there in its place.

所以我們把它移到句子的最後，我們把那裡放在它的位置上。

So generally, now what you have to understand is that when you use there is or there are the verb matches, the noun after it, which is the subject, right?

所以一般來說，現在你要明白的是，當你用there is或者there are動詞搭配的時候，後面的名詞，也就是主語，對吧？

So there is a person.

所以有一個人。

There is a man in the room.

房間裡有個男人。

There are people in the room, so a man is singular.

房間裡有人，所以一個人是單數。

Is people plural are right But then you have a sentence like this.

是人複數是對的，但是你就有這樣的句子。

There is or are a chair, a table and a TV in the room.

房間裡有或有一把椅子、一張桌子和一臺電視。

So a lot of people get confused.

所以很多人都會感到困惑。

They're not sure.

他們不確定

Do I match it to the chair, which is singular, or do I match it to 123 things which create a compound subject and is plural?

我是把它配成椅子，它是單數，還是把它配成123個東西，這就形成了一個複合主語，是複數？

Now, if you hear native speakers speaking, most of them will use is there is a chair, a table and a TV in the room.

現在，如果你聽到母語人士說話，他們大多會用的是房間裡有一把椅子、一張桌子和一臺電視。

It just sounds more natural.

只是聽起來比較自然。

But technically, the correct verb is our because a chair, a table and the T V are in the room.

但從技術上講，正確的動詞是我們的，因為房間裡有一把椅子、一張桌子和T V。

This is your subject.

這是你的主題。

It is a plural subject.

它是一個複數主語。

You're going to need the plural verb to complete the sentence.

你需要用複數動詞來完成這個句子。

So one way to test if your if your verb should be a singular or plural is to rearrange the sentence, put the actual subject before the verb and then match the verb to the subject.

所以測試你的如果你的動詞應該是單數還是複數的一個方法是重新排列句子，把實際的主語放在動詞之前，然後把動詞和主語匹配。

Don't match it to there because there is nothing.

不要因為什麼都沒有，就把它匹配到那裡。

Okay, So now, speaking of rearranging, the best way to not have any confusion or to not feel awkward is not to use sentences.

好了，現在，說到重新排列，最好的辦法就是不要用句子，不要有任何困惑，也不要覺得尷尬。

Beginning with there is there are Most writers and editors will tell you that sentences beginning with there is there are are weak sentences.

以there is there are開頭的句子大多數作家和編輯會告訴你，以there is there are開頭的句子是弱句。

They're not powerful sentences and you should try to avoid them.

它們不是強有力的句子，你應該儘量避免它們。

So a chair, a table and a TV are in the room.

所以房間裡有一把椅子、一張桌子和一臺電視。

Okay?

好嗎？

Or I walked into the room and I saw a TV, a chair and, uh, sorry.

或者我走進房間，我看到了一臺電視，一把椅子，還有，呃，對不起。

I chair a table on TV, make a new sentence, put the thing, the items as objects, Put something else as a subject.

I chair a table on TV, make a new sentence, put the thing, the items as objects, Put something else as a subject.

Make sure your verbs match or agree, and then you avoid all the awkwardness.

確保你的動詞匹配或同意，然後你避免所有的尷尬。

Now, another.

現在，另一個。

Before I go on, let me give you another example.

在我繼續說之前，我再舉一個例子。

There's all types of people.

有各種類型的人。

There are all types of people now, all types of people.

現在各種類型的人都有，各種類型的人都有。

This is a plural, and you should say there are all types of people, but people native speakers don't like the r R.

這是一個複數，你應該說有各種類型的人，但人們母語不喜歡r R。

There are there are right.

有有有對。

It's a little bit uncomfortable for the tongue to say.

舌頭說起來有點不舒服。

Plus, it's two syllable two syllables.

另外，它是兩個音節兩個音節。

There's is one syllable and easier to say.

有的是一個音節，更容易說。

Easier for the mouth.

對嘴更容易。

So many, if not most native English speakers will say There's all types of people.

所以，很多人，如果不是大多數英語母語人士，都會說There's all types of people。

There's five cars in the parking lot.

停車場裡有五輛車。

There's a There's a few people at the bar.

酒吧裡有幾個人。

Whatever the situation is, even though it's not correct, people will say this more often than not.

不管是什麼情況，即使不正確，人們也會經常這樣說。

Okay, so now what do you have to understand about English?

好了，現在你要了解的英語是什麼？

There is correct English, and then there is commonly used English.

有正確的英語，還有常用的英語。

They're not always the same.

他們並不總是一樣的。

Okay, native speakers basically make grammar mistakes all the time, and it's acceptable.

好吧，母語人士基本都會犯語法錯誤，這也是可以接受的。

It's accepted because so many people do it now.

因為現在很多人都這樣做，所以被接受了。

Another thing to keep in mind spoken English written English.

另一個要注意的是口語英語書面英語。

If you say there's all types of people, if you say there's five cars in the parking lot, nobody will even think twice.

如果你說各種類型的人都有，如果你說停車場裡有五輛車，根本沒人會去想。

The conversation will continue in writing.

談話將以書面形式繼續進行。

It's a problem in writing.

這是一個寫作上的問題。

You can confuse the reader because remember, when you're speaking to someone you're using your hands.

你會讓讀者感到困惑，因為記住，當你在和別人說話時，你是在用手。

You're using your face to basically convey some meaning in writing.

你用你的臉基本上是在書面上傳達一些意思。

There's only the reader and the words.

只有讀者和文字。

If you make grammar mistakes in written English, you can make it very difficult for the reader when you're writing, be correct when you're speaking, be comfortable.

如果你在書面英語中犯了語法錯誤，就會讓讀者在寫作時很難受，說話時要正確，要舒服。

That's the key point here and in writing and speaking, if you're not comfortable, if you're not sure, change the sentence around.

這就是這裡的關鍵點，在寫作和說話中，如果你不舒服，如果你不確定，就把句子改過來。

Make a new sentence, but keep the same meaning.

造一個新的句子，但要保持意思不變。

Now I want to look at some of these pronouns because sometimes these give people a little bit of a confusion right.

現在我想看看其中的一些代詞，因為有時候這些代詞會給人們帶來一點困惑吧。

Each or every person each and every will always take a singular.

每一個人或每一個人每一個人總是會採取單一的。

Each person means each individual.

每個人指的是每個人。

Every basically means all the individual people.

每一個基本上都是指所有的個體人。

So we're still talking about every person in the group.

所以，我們還是說說群裡的每個人。

We're not talking about the whole group as one group.

我們不是把整個集團作為一個集團來討論。

We're talking about all the individuals in the group, and that's why we're using the singular verb.

我們說的是群體中的所有個體，這就是為什麼我們要用單數動詞。

Okay, so each and every we're talking about each individual in the group because we're talking about each individual we're using is on the other hand, when we look at all, we're still looking at all the individuals, but we're looking at them as a collection.

好的，所以每一個我們都在談論群體中的每一個個體，因為我們談論的是每一個個體，我們使用的是另一方面，當我們看所有的時候，我們還是在看所有的個體，但是我們是把它們看成一個集合。

So now there's not one person individually, there are many people in the group and we're looking at all of them and so we're using the plural verb are All the people are welcome to join the conversation.

所以現在不是一個人單獨的，有很多人在群裡，我們要看的是所有的人，所以我們用的是複數動詞are 歡迎所有的人加入對話。

Okay, on the other hand, the whole now the whole This is not a pronoun you're now on.

好吧，另一方面，整個現在的整個這不是你現在的代詞。

Your subject is going to be here, the whole group.

你的對象要在這裡，整個集團。

So now we're taking all the people, but we're not looking at.

所以現在我們把所有的人都帶走了，但是我們並沒有看。

The people were looking at the collection, The group, the one unit, even though it has all the little different pieces in it.

人們在看收藏品，集團，一個組織、部門，即使它有所有的小不同的作品在裡面。

So the whole group is welcome to join us for lunch.

所以歡迎大家一起吃午飯。

Okay, So whole singular.

好吧，所以整個單數。

All plural.

都是複數。

Okay, so remember that then we have none.

好吧，所以記住，那麼我們就沒有了。

None basically means no one single person or no one single thing.

無基本上指的是沒有一個單一的人或沒有一個單一的事物。

Now, generally, we use it with none of okay.

現在，一般情況下，我們用的都不是還好。

None of the students, for example.

比如說，沒有一個學生。

So similarly to there is or there are there is the correct way.

所以類似於有或有是正確的方法。

And then there's the common way in correct English.

還有就是正確英語中常見的方式。

None is always singular.

沒有一個總是單數。

Especially when you have of okay.

特別是當你有的還好。

None of the students is not any single student we're talking about.

沒有一個學生不是我們所說的任何一個學生。

The individuals is, uh, excused or free to go.

個人是，呃，原諒或自由去。

But again, in informal speech, you will hear many people say none of the students are free to go.

但在非正式的講話中，你又會聽到很多人說學生都不自由。

Very common.

很常見。

Technically not correct.

技術上不正確。

Is this correct?

是這樣嗎？

But in spoken English, if you use are okay and written English you should try to use is be correct.

但是在英語口語中，如果你用的是都可以，而書面英語你應該儘量用的是正確的。

Now, sometimes you'll see none without the of.

現在，有時你會看到沒有的的。

So I invite.

所以我邀請。

I asked some of my staff to volunteer for this project, but none are interested again.

我請一些員工自願參加這個項目，但沒有一個人再感興趣。

Most people will use our because we're talking about a few people.

大多數人會用我們的，因為我們說的是少數人。

But technically none is interested is the correct way now spoken English say whichever one you feel comfortable with, if you're going to be taking a university entrance exam like the S, A T or the G.

但技術上都不感興趣的是正確的方式，現在英語口語說哪種你都覺得舒服，如果你要參加S、A T或G等大學入學考試。

Matt.

馬特

Okay, these have grammar.

好吧，這些都是有文法的。

A grammar section.

文法部分。

Each of these exams has a grammar section in it.

這些考試中都有文法部分。

On this grammar section, you have to be correct.

在這個文法部分，你必須要正確。

They're testing your knowledge of correct grammar spoken English, whatever you want.

他們在測試你對正確的文法口語的瞭解，不管你想要什麼。

When you need to be correct, be singular for none.

當你需要正確的時候，要單數為無。

Okay.

好吧，我知道了

And same with neither or either.

而同樣的，也不是，也不是。

Neither is or are again spoken English.

既不是或又是英語口語。

Neither I asked the two of them to come to the party, but neither is available.

我也沒有叫他們兩個來參加聚會，但都沒有空。

Neither are available.

都沒有。

Neither is coming.

都不會來。

Neither are coming.

都不來了。

And I know that only one of them is will come.

我知道，他們中只有一個人會來。

But I don't know, uh, if it's either her or him that is going to come singular.

但我不知道，呃，如果不是她就是他，要來單數。

So these, because it's one or the other singular or singular correct, is commonly used or acceptable are neither of us is coming.

所以，這些，因為它是一個或另一個單數或單數正確，是常用的或可接受的是我們都沒有來。

Neither of us are coming again.

我們都不會再來了。

Although it's a plural, correct is commonly acceptable.

雖然是複數，但正確的是普遍可以接受的。

Is our your choice rate in English?

我們的選擇率是英文的嗎？

Be correct is for this pronoun.

要正確的是這個代詞。

We're going to look at a few of the indefinite pronouns, different pronouns and see how they work as well.

我們來看看幾個不定代詞，不同的代詞，也看看它們的作用。

Okay, so now we have these other pronouns.

好了，所以現在我們有這些其他代詞。

These are called indefinite pronouns.

這些被稱為不定代詞。

Everybody or everyone, somebody, anybody, nobody.

每個人或每個人，有人，任何人，沒有人。

Whenever you're using these as subjects of your sentence, they're always going to be singular.

每當你用這些作為句子的主語時，它們總是會是單數。

Always, everybody is never everybody are now.

一直以來，大家從來都是大家現在。

If you want to say, are you say all the people right, then you have to split it up and use the word, the pronoun all.

如果你想說，你是不是說所有的人都是對的，那你就要把它拆開，用這個詞，代詞所有。

But as soon as you're using it as one word, everybody, somebody, anybody and nobody you're using is on the other hand, something is.

但只要你把它當做一個詞來用，大家、有人、有人、沒有人，你用的是另一方面，有事就是。

We don't know what it is.

我們不知道它是什麼。

It's an indefinite pronoun, but it's one.

這是一個不確定的代詞，但它是一個。

Something is if you want to use plural.

東西是如果你想用複數。

Don't forget to words.

不要忘了的話。

Some things are it's no longer a pronoun.

有些東西是它不再是代詞。

Now you have a qualifier and you have an actual noun subject.

現在你有了一個限定詞，也有了一個實際的名詞主語。

Okay, Everything is all things are two words.

好吧，萬事萬物都是兩個字。

This is a noun.

這是一個名詞。

This is a pronoun is our anything and nothing is okay.

這人稱代名詞是我們的什麼都可以，什麼都不可以。

These you can't split are split up and they're always going to be singular.

這些你不能拆分的都拆分了，他們永遠都是單數。

So when you have indefinite pronouns, singular when you want plural, split them up into towns and qualifiers.

所以當你有不定代詞，想用複數的時候就用單數，把它們抽成城鎮和限定詞。

Okay, that's basically it.

好了，基本上就是這樣了。

So if you have any questions about this, please go to invade dot com and ask in the comments section.

所以，如果你對此有什麼疑問，請到入侵點網，在評論區提問。

There is also a quiz on the site where you can test your understanding of the verb matching with these pronouns.

網站上還有一個小測驗，可以測試你對這些代詞搭配的動詞的理解。

And, uh, if you like the video, please subscribe to my YouTube channel.

而且，呃，如果你喜歡這個視頻，請訂閱我的YouTube頻道。

Don't forget to watch other videos on Ingrid.

不要忘了觀看英格麗的其他視頻。

We have over 1000 videos to help you improve your English.

我們有超過1000個視頻來幫助你提高英語水平。

I have over 100 videos that you can watch grammar vocab, all kinds of things in writing.

我有100多個視頻，你可以看文法詞彙，寫作中的各種東西。

Etcetera.

等等。

Go there, watch, Ask improve your English Slowly but surely.

去那裡，看，問提高你的英語緩慢但肯定。

So I'll see you again very soon with some new lessons.

所以我很快就會帶著一些新的課程再來找你。

Bye bye.

再見了