to go on a difficult books reading regimen.

去進行艱難的書籍閱讀計劃。

That's where you read ten or less books a year, and each one should be harder than

那就是你一年讀十本以內的書，每一本都要比的難。

the last.

最後一個。

And this is probably the opposite of a lot of what you see and hear on YouTube, where

這可能與你在YouTube上看到的和聽到的很多東西相反，在那裡...

the game is often to read as many books in a year as you can,

遊戲往往是在一年內讀儘可能多的書，你可以。

something which I think will be very inefficient if you're trying to boost your intelligence

如果你想提高你的智商，我認為這將是非常低效的。

and mental strength.

和精神力量。

Let me show you how and why the difficult book regimen works better.

讓我來告訴你，困難的書本養生法是怎樣的，為什麼效果更好。

So what is intelligence?

那麼什麼是智能呢？

Let's define it as the ability to solve our own problems.

我們把它定義為解決自己問題的能力。

The more intelligent we are, the more of our own problems we can solve.

我們越是聰明，越能解決自己的問題。

Ok, but how do we improve our intelligence?

好吧，但我們該如何提高自己的智商呢？

One of the main ways we improve our intelligence, our ability to solve problems, is by creating,

我們提高智力，提高解決問題的能力的主要方法之一就是創造。

obtaining, and using tools.

獲得和使用工具；

And there are at least two types of tools we use: physical tools and mental tools.

而我們使用的工具至少有兩種：物理工具和心理工具。

An example of a physical tool is a hammer.

物理工具的一個例子是錘子。

If you need to apply force to something, the hammer is handy for that.

如果你需要對某樣東西施力，錘子就很方便。

Physical tools are easy to understand,

物理工具很容易理解。

but I think less people talk about and understand the importance of mental tools, which is what

但我認為較少有人談論和了解心理工具的重要性，這就是

this video is about.

這個視頻是關於。

So what is a mental tool?

那麼什麼是心理工具呢？

An example of a mental tool is the word forgiveness.

心理工具的一個例子就是寬恕這個詞。

Think about the word forgiveness

想一想寬恕這個詞

and how much power this word gives you within yourself and within your relationships.

以及這個詞在你自己和你的人際關係中給你多少力量。

When you forgive yourself, you make peace with your past self and your previous mistakes,

當你原諒自己時，你就會與過去的自己和以前的錯誤和平相處。

and you give yourself permission to be a better person tomorrow than you were yesterday.

而你允許自己明天成為一個比昨天更好的人。

Forgiveness frees you from the burdens of the past.

寬恕使你從過去的負擔中解脫出來。

When you forgive another, you make it possible to repair a relationship for the better and

當你寬恕他人時，你就有可能修復關係，使其變得更好，並且。

move forward as a team.

團結一致，勇往直前。

It's hard to imagine a world without the concept of forgiveness.

很難想象一個沒有寬恕概念的世界。

Forgiveness, like all words, is really a kind of technology or mental tool.

寬容和所有的文字一樣，其實是一種技術或心理工具。

It's kind of like a glue that allows us to repair a broken relationship, whether that

它有點像膠水，讓我們修復一段破碎的關係，無論是

relationship is with others or ourselves.

關係是與他人或自己。

It has changed our lives immensely for the better and improved our ability to cooperate.

它極大地改變了我們的生活，提高了我們的合作能力。

Now think about how many books are out there, how many words and mental tools are out there

現在想一想，有多少書，有多少文字，有多少心理工具

for you to obtain, tools that will completely change how you interact with yourself and

讓你獲得的工具，將徹底改變你與自己的互動方式，並讓你的生活更美好。

with others in the world, just like the concept of forgiveness has, tools that can give you

與世界上的其他人，就像寬恕的概念一樣，工具可以給你的

immense power and strength to solve more problems.

巨大的力量和實力來解決更多的問題。

Every time you truly learn a new word, you expand your mental tool kit, and by doing

每當你真正學會一個新單詞時，你就會擴大你的心理工具箱，並通過這樣做

so, you increase your intelligence, and you expand your ability to solve a variety of

所以，你增加了你的智慧，你擴大了你的能力，解決各種

new problems.

新的問題。

Mental tools are just as important and powerful as physical tools for solving and overcoming

在解決和克服問題的過程中，心理工具與生理工具同樣重要，同樣強大。

problems, they just operate differently.

問題，只是操作方式不同。

Mental tools help us make meaning of the world.

心理工具幫助我們理解世界的意義。

And meaning can help us overcome problems or even remove them from our lives.

而意義可以幫助我們克服問題，甚至將問題從生活中消除。

Let me give you an example.

讓我給你舉個例子。

Think about the worst suffering you can?

想一想，你能承受最嚴重的痛苦嗎？

Got it?

明白了嗎？

Ok.

好吧，我知道了

Now imagine that you're given a reason for this suffering.

現在想象一下，你被賦予了這種痛苦的理由。

Imagine the clouds part and a voice gives you a reason, a justification, for why you're

想象一下，雲朵分開了，一個聲音給了你一個理由，一個道理，為什麼你要

suffering.

痛苦。

Does this make the suffering more bearable?

這是否會讓痛苦變得更容易忍受？

I think most people would respond by saying yes.

我想大多數人的回答都是肯定的。

In his book Man's Search for Meaning, Viktor Frankl details his experience as a prisoner

維克多-弗蘭克爾在他的《人類尋找意義》一書中詳細介紹了他作為囚犯的經歷

in the WW2 concentration camps.

在二戰集中營中。

And in it, he says, “In some way, suffering ceases to be suffering at the moment it finds

而在其中，他說："在某種程度上，苦難在它發現的那一刻就不再是苦難了。

a meaning, such as the meaning of a sacrifice.”

意思，如祭祀的意思"。

He found out that meaning could lessen one's suffering.

他發現，意義可以減少一個人的痛苦。

He also paraphrases Nietzsche when he says, “'He who has a why to live for can bear

他還轉述了尼采的話，他說："'有為什麼而活的人，就能承受。

with almost any how.'”

與幾乎任何如何。""

So how does Frankl's experience relate to what I'm talking about?

那麼弗蘭克爾的經歷與我所說的有什麼關係呢？

Reading difficult books and expanding your mental toolkit will help you discover more

閱讀難度較大的書籍，擴充自己的心理工具箱，可以幫助你發現更多的東西

why's for your life.

為什麼是為了你的生活。

It will help you create greater meaning for the life you live.

它將幫助你為你的生活創造更大的意義。

And according to both Frankl and Nietzsche, meaning, and the ability to produce it, is

而根據弗蘭克爾和尼采的觀點，意義以及產生意義的能力，就是

one of our greatest protections against the suffering of life.

我們對生命之苦的最大保護之一。

So I said that you can 10x your intelligence, your ability to solve problems, by expanding

所以我說，你可以通過擴大你的智力，你解決問題的能力，可以提高10倍。

your mental toolkit.

你的心理工具箱。

And I said that one way to expand your mental toolkit is by reading difficult books.

而我說過，拓展心理工具箱的方法之一就是閱讀難度較大的書籍。

But why difficult books?

但為什麼是難讀的書呢？

Reading is a lot like weight lifting for the mind.

讀書就像舉重一樣，對心靈有很大的幫助。

The more difficult books you learn to read, make sense of, and overcome, in some sense,

越是難讀的書，你越要學會讀，讀出道理，並在一定意義上克服。

the stronger your mind becomes.

你的心智就會越發強大。

Your mind becomes better at making meaning of things and responding to the world in a

你的大腦會更好地理解事物的意義，並對世界做出反應，以一種

more effective way.

更有效的方式。

So what makes a book difficult?

那麼，是什麼讓一本書變得困難呢？

I think that, in essence, for most people, what makes a book difficult is two things:

我想，從本質上講，對於大多數人來說，一本書之所以難讀，有兩點。

novelty & abstraction.

新穎與抽象。

Novelty is when you come across something new: a new idea, a new word, a new perspective,

新穎是指你遇到了新的東西：一個新的想法，一個新的詞，一個新的角度。

or a new problem that you haven't seen before.

或者是你以前沒見過的新問題。

It's a meeting with the unfamiliar, and unfamiliar things often make us feel uncomfortable

這是與陌生的事物相遇，陌生的事物往往讓我們感到不適應

and they require a lot of work to make meaning out of.

而它們需要大量的工作來實現意義。

The more novelty there is inside a book, the harder it will be for the reader to get through

一本書裡面新奇的東西越多，讀者就越難讀懂。

and make sense of.

並使之有意義。

But novelty is often what makes a difficult book worth reading!

但新奇的東西往往是一本難讀的書值得一讀的地方!

It's introducing you to new mental tools which you can use to update your mental software.

這是在向你介紹新的心理工具，你可以用它來更新你的心理軟件。

But if you shy away from new and difficult ideas, you become like the grandparent who

但是，如果你對新的和困難的想法望而卻步，你就會變得像祖父母一樣

uses old technology because they're too scared to learn the new one, and by doing

使用舊的技術，因為他們太害怕學習新的技術，而通過做

so, you limit your own potential.

所以，你限制了自己的潛力。

The second thing that makes a book hard to read is abstraction.

第二，書難讀的原因是抽象。

The best way I can explain abstract ideas is by comparing them with their opposite:

我解釋抽象概念的最好方法是將它們與它們的反面進行比較。

concrete ideas.

具體的想法。

Concrete ideas are things you can identify with any of the five senses: taste, smell,

具體的想法是你可以用五官中的任何一個：味覺、嗅覺來識別的東西。

sound, touch, and sight.

聲音、觸覺和視覺。

Anything you can experience with these five senses is concrete, but anything you can't

凡是你能用這五官體驗到的東西都是具體的，但凡是你體驗不到的東西

is abstract.

是抽象的。

And because they're not easily understandable through sense experience, abstract ideas are

因為它們不容易通過感覺經驗來理解，所以抽象的觀念是

hard to understand and many people think they are useless.

很難理解，很多人認為他們沒有用。

This is a huge mistake.

這是一個巨大的錯誤。

Here's a good way I can describe the value of abstract ideas.

這裡我可以很好地描述抽象思想的價值。

So imagine someone with a landline at home for phone calls, a tv for entertainment, and

所以想象一下，一個人家裡有座機可以打電話，有電視可以娛樂，還有。

a computer for doing research on the internet.

在互聯網上做研究的電腦。

All of these cost a certain amount of money and energy to maintain.

這些都需要花費一定的資金和精力去維護。

But this person can actually replace the function of all of these devices with one: the cell

但是這個人其實可以用一個設備來代替所有這些設備的功能，那就是手機。

phone.

電話：

The cellphone is more efficient use of time and energy and it can perform the function

手機更有效地利用了時間和精力，它能發揮的功能是

of the landline, the tv, and the computer, plus much more.

的座機、電視和電腦，還有更多。

Abstract ideas are similar.

抽象的想法是相似的。

They replace the function of more basic ideas and make you more efficient with how you spend

它們取代了更多基本理念的功能，讓你更有效地使用你的消費方式。

your time and energy.

你的時間和精力。

If you avoid difficult books because they're abstract, you're limiting your own access

如果你因為難懂的書是抽象的而回避，你就限制了自己的接觸機會

to more powerful mental tools.

到更強大的心理工具。

So if you avoid difficult books, you are avoiding new and more powerful mental tools.

所以，如果你避開難讀的書，就是在避開新的、更強大的心理工具。

So how do you determine which books to read?

那麼如何確定讀哪些書呢？

In the beginning, I recommend reading the classics.

一開始，我建議讀經典。

The classics are time-tested tools.

經典是久經考驗的工具。

They will introduce you to mental tools and concepts that have been effective for people

他們將向你介紹對人們有效的心理工具和概念。

all through out history, which is why they keep being passed down to the next generation.

縱觀歷史，這也是為什麼它們會一直流傳下去的原因。

But as you develop your tool kit and your literary tastes, you will develop your own

但是，隨著你的工具箱和你的文學品味的發展，你會形成自己的。

intuition for what you should read next, depending on the problems you're facing and the tools

根據你所面臨的問題和工具，你會有一種直覺，知道你接下來應該讀什麼。

you think you might need.

你認為你可能需要。

I don't want to convince you to only read classics, because you would miss out on so

我不想說服你只讀經典，因為你會錯過這麼多的

many new ideas that could be useful and relevant, but at the beginning of your reading journey,

許多新的想法，可能是有用的和相關的，但在你的閱讀之旅的開始。

you can't really separate the wheat from the chaff on your own, and so reading the

你自己無法真正釐清麥子和穀子，所以讀到的

classics and becoming acquainted with time-tested tools will help you develop an intuition to

經典，並熟悉久經考驗的工具，這將幫助你建立一個直覺，以

discern between good tools and bad ones.

辨別好工具和壞工具。

One idea I see a lot on YouTube is the idea of speed reading or reading as many books

我在YouTube上經常看到的一個想法是速讀或閱讀儘可能多的書的想法。

as you can in a year.

因為你可以在一年內。

And here's what I think about that.

這是我的看法。

If speed is your highest value, you will almost certainly sacrifice difficulty and end up

如果速度是你的最高價值，你幾乎肯定會犧牲難度，最終會導致

choosing easier books.

選擇更容易的書籍。

And I already made a case for why you should read difficult books.

而且我已經說明了為什麼你應該讀難讀的書。

Speed and difficulty are opposing values.

速度和難度是對立的數值。

If you read difficult books as I suggest, your reading speed will be very slow, but

如果你按照我的建議去讀難讀的書，你的閱讀速度會很慢，但是......。

your mental strength will grow a lot more.

你的精神力量會增長很多。

On the other hand, the best way to read a lot of books is to read things you're already

另一方面，閱讀大量書籍的最好方法是閱讀你已經是

familiar with, that are short and easy to understand, but if you only read things you're

熟悉的，短小易懂的，但如果你只看自己

familiar with, you'll never expand your mental toolkit.

熟悉的，你永遠不會擴大你的心理工具箱。

So maybe I've convinced you, you're ready to start your difficult book regimen, and

所以，也許我已經說服了你，你已經準備好開始你艱難的讀書計劃了，而且。

you want some help on starting.

你想要一些幫助開始。

I'm going to link to a list of great books in the description.

我在描述中要鏈接到一個好書清單。

Read the description for these books, and find ten where the themes of the book overlap

閱讀這些書的說明，找出十本主題重合的書。

with the problems in your own life.

與自己生活中的問題。

And the reason I cut the number off at 10 is to prevent mindless speed-reading and to

我之所以把數量減少到10，是為了防止無意識的快速閱讀，以及為了。

treat the process more like a weight lifting regimen.

把這個過程更像是一個舉重療程。

We want to keep our reps the same but increase the weight we're lifting at, so we can improve

我們要保持我們的重複次數不變，但要增加我們的舉重，這樣我們就可以提高了

our mental strength.

我們的精神力量。

If you read 10 books from the list, I think this will give you a good place to start on

如果你讀了書單中的10本書，我想這將會給你一個很好的開始，關於

obtaining new mental tools.

獲得新的心理工具。

And maybe you won't even get through 10, maybe you'll only get through one, and that's

也許你連10個都過不了 也許你只過了一個，那就是...

okay, because these are difficult books that take time, and all that matters is that you

好吧，因為這些都是很難的書，需要時間，所有的重要的是你

try to progressively lift heavier.

試著漸漸舉重若輕。

As you read more and more books, you'll start to develop a natural intuition for what

當你讀的書越來越多時，你會開始形成一種自然而然的直覺，對什麼是 "我的"？

you should read next, and at some point, you might even become the creator of a new mental

你接下來應該讀的書，在某些時候，你甚至可能成為一個新的心理的創造者。

tool.

工具。

Good luck!

運氣好