Name: 種族的神話｜BBC思想 (The myth of race | BBC Ideas)
Uploaded: 2021-02-25T19:10:47.000Z
Duration: 7 min 2 s

我覺得我們有很多先入為主的觀念。

程度副詞

情態副詞

What is race has changed dramatically through time.

什麼是種族，隨著時間的推移發生了巨大的變化。

There is no official scientific definition of race.

The teacher said, "No, no, Tess is something else."

老師說："不，不，苔絲是別的東西。"

And everybody's eyes are on me, and I'm a really shy person.

每個人的目光都集中在我身上，而我是一個非常害羞的人。

她說："但你是什麼人，泰莎？"

A lot of people imagine that there is some biological tangibility to race,

很多人想象，種族有一些生物上的唐突。

but just because something is a social construct,

但僅僅因為某件事情是社會構造。

that doesn't mean it doesn't have meaning in peoples' lives

不代表它對人們的生活沒有意義

like money, or the nation state, or democracy,

如金錢，或民族國家，或民主。

or all these other things that define how we live,

或所有這些其他的東西，定義我們如何生活。

the type of schooling you have access to,

I mean, it's a powerful marker for all of these things

我的意思是，它是一個強大的標誌 所有這些事情。

that we care about when we're trying to run a society.

我們關心的，當我們試圖運行一個社會。

Race has never been something that I don't have to think about.

種族從來都是我不需要考慮的事情。

When you look at the history and origins of this idea,

當你看到這個想法的歷史和起源。

you start to see it for what it really is,

People imagine that people have always thought about skin colour

人們想象中，人們一直在考慮膚色問題

in this racialised way, and we really haven't.

以這種種族化的方式，我們真的沒有。

That idea is no more than a few hundred years old.

It's not really until the age of colonialism, in the 17th Century,

直到17世紀的殖民主義時代，才真正意義上的。

each continent has its own individual kind of people.

每個大陸都有自己獨特的人種。

It arose at a very specific moment in history.

它產生在一個非常特殊的歷史時刻。

In the 17th Century, you're taking long trips by ship,

在17世紀，你要乘船長途旅行。

and you're struck by how different people look

你會被不同的人的表情所打動。

So this is the first edition of Systema Naturae,

所以這是《系統自然》的第一版。

And for man, Linnaeus distinguishes four varieties,

these varieties correspond to the four continents.

Where it really changes is in the 10th edition of Systema Naturae.

真正發生變化的地方是在Systema Naturae的第十版。

This is the foundation of scientific racism.

所以，美國人是 "紅色的，耐寒的，"

The European, "white, sanguine, and muscular"

歐洲人，"白皙、風度翩翩、肌肉發達"。

The Asian, "sallow, melancholic and stiff"

亞洲人，"黧黑、憂鬱、僵硬"。

The African, "black, phlegmatic and lazy"

So these stereotypes have endured through the ages.

所以，這些刻板印象歷久彌新。

If you're going to take a group of people,

and you're going to decide that they're not people anymore,

那麼你需要一些東西來證明這一點。

And that's how these categories have always been used.

而這些類別一直都是這樣使用的。

that change depending on their usefulness

We are one of the most homogeneous species on the planet.

我們是地球上最單一的物種之一。

Humans have far less genetic variation than chimpanzees do.

人類的遺傳變異遠比黑猩猩少。

And yet, those chimpanzees look the same to me.

然而，那些黑猩猩在我看來是一樣的。

there is no gene that exists in all the members of one race

There is no black gene, there is no white gene.

沒有黑色基因，也沒有白色基因。

Human groups overlap completely in their genetic variation.

人類群體的遺傳變異完全重疊。

In the same way that you're related to your family,

you can get a kind of fuzzy genetic similarity.

你可以得到一種模糊的遺傳相似性。

But when you get to the continental level,

which is really where we're talking about race,

這是真正的地方 我們談論的種族。

and so statistically weak, as to be almost meaningless.

而且在統計學上非常薄弱，幾乎毫無意義。

We have this envy of fields where things are hyper-simplistic.

我們對事物超簡單化的領域有這種羨慕。

We want to be able to look at a genome and say

我們希望能夠看到一個基因組，並說：

that people are these kind of concrete immutable things,

人是這些具體的不可改變的東西。

Genetics doesn't work that way, it's the product of many genes

遺傳學不是這樣的，它是許多基因的產物。

interacting with each other and their environments.

彼此之間及其環境之間的互動。

To fully answer the question about what a living thing is

要全面回答什麼是生物的問題。

it's going to be about much more than genes.

If I were to go out on to the street today

and find someone of Indian heritage like myself,

並找到像我這樣的印度血統的人。

and randomly then pick someone who is not of Indian heritage,

然後隨便挑一個不是印度裔的人。

for my genome to have more in common with that person

讓我的基因組與那個人有更多的共同點

who isn't of Indian heritage than that person who is.

racism is real and we are not in a post-racial society.

種族主義是真實存在的，我們不是在一個後種族社會。

Race keeps making itself and power keeps making race.

種族不斷製造自己，權力不斷製造種族。

Even though we know that race isn't biological,

儘管我們知道種族不是生物的。

we've been living with this idea of it being real

我們一直生活在這個想法 它是真實的。

for so long that it means that people who do have a shared racial identity

長久以來，這意味著有共同種族身份的人都會有共同的種族身份。

The biology of race is not a useful concept.

種族的生物學不是一個有用的概念。

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種族的神話｜BBC思想 (The myth of race | BBC Ideas)

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