And I'm Georgina.

我是喬治娜

In this programme we're talking about something the whole world

在這個節目中，我們談論的是全世界的事情

knows about – coronavirus.

知道--冠狀病毒。

Sadly, Covid-19 has been responsible for more than

可悲的是，Covid-19已經為超過1.5億人的死亡負責。

two million deaths globally.

全球有200萬人死亡。

What's believed to have started in the city of Wuhan in China

相信在中國的武漢市開始了什麼？

went on to become a pandemic – a disease

變成了一種大流行病--一種疾病。

that affects many people around the world.

影響到全世界許多人的。

Unsurprisingly, we've discussed this a lot on 6 Minute English

不出所料，我們在6分鐘英語上已經討論了很多。

but over a year on since the first outbreak, it's good to take stock –

但自第一次爆發以來的一年多時間裡，很好地總結了---------------------------------。

or look back over the situation and see what we have learnt -

或者回顧一下情況，看看我們學到了什麼----。

and find out how our knowledge has changed.

並瞭解我們的知識是如何變化的。

Before we do that, Georgina, let's test

喬治娜，在這之前，我們先來測試一下

your knowledge with a question.

你的知識與問題。

In 1918/1919 another major virus known as Spanish flu,

1918/19年，另一種被稱為西班牙流感的主要病毒。

swept across the world.

席捲了整個世界。

Do you know approximately, how many people were infected by it?

你知道大概，有多少人被它感染了嗎？

Was it… a) 5 million

是... a) 500萬

b) 50 million, or c) 500 million?

b）5000萬，或c）5億？

Well, I know it was bad, so I'm going for the awful number

好吧，我知道這很糟糕，所以我要去的可怕的數字。

of 500 million.

的5億。

OK, I'll reveal the right answer later on.

好吧，我待會再揭曉正確答案。

Now, back to the current coronavirus pandemic.

現在，回到當前冠狀病毒大流行的問題上。

It was only at the end of December 2019 when

直到2019年12月底的時候。

reports of a new flu-like infection first came out of China.

一種新型流感樣感染的報道首次從中國傳出。

Within weeks, millions of people were in lockdown as the

在幾周內，數百萬人處於封鎖狀態，因為...。

virus took hold around the world.

病毒在全球範圍內紮根。

Took hold means it became stronger and was difficult to stop.

搦戰意味著它變得更加強大，難以停止。

We all had to change the way we lived to stop it spreading.

我們都必須改變我們的生活方式來阻止它的蔓延。

But while we played our part by washing our hands,

但當我們通過洗手來發揮自己的作用時。

wearing masks and staying at home,

戴著口罩，呆在家裡。

some people were busy working for a solution to

有人在忙著研究如何解決

fight this deadly virus.

對付這種致命的病毒。

You're talking about the scientists, Georgina.

你說的是科學家，喬治娜。

Their response was immediate and it's something

他們的反應是立竿見影的，這是什麼

the BBC World Service programme Science in Action

英國廣播公司世界服務節目《科學在行動》

has been reflecting on.

一直在反思。

At the beginning of the outbreak, Jenny Rohn,

爆發之初，珍妮-羅恩。

a virologist from University College London,

倫敦大學學院的病毒學家。

spoke to the programme about her concerns

節目中談到了她的擔憂

if the virus turned out to be like flu.

如果病毒變成像流感。

Here's what she said…

她是這樣說的...

Seasonal flu is a huge killer and you've probably seen the numbers,

季節性流感是一個巨大的殺手，你可能已經看到了數字。

it makes the Wuhan virus look a bit wimpy,

這讓武漢病毒顯得有些懦弱。

that's simply because of the sheer number of people that

那只是因為人數眾多的原因

flu infects every year.

流感每年都會感染。

And if the Wuhan virus started spreading like that

而如果武漢病毒開始這樣傳播的話

and going all over the world, you would see a lot of people dead.

而去到世界各地，你會看到很多人死去。

This is why people are worried.

這就是人們擔心的原因。

So we know flu is a virus that can spread easily and can affect

所以我們知道流感是一種容易傳播的病毒，會影響到

many many people.

很多很多人。

This is why, at the time, comparing it with the new coronavirus

這也是為什麼，當時將其與新的冠狀病毒進行比較。

made Covid look 'wimpy' – that's a word to describe something

讓科維德看起來很 "懦弱"--這是個形容東西的詞。

or someone that's feeble - not very strong.

或者是一個軟弱的人--不是很強壯。

Yes, Jenny called the great or significant numbers of people affected

是的，Jenny稱大量或大量受影響的人。

by flu as sheer numbers.

由流感作為純粹的數字。

The fear at the time was if coronavirus spread like flu,

當時擔心的是如果冠狀病毒像流感一樣傳播。

it would kill many people.

會害死很多人。

Well, we all know what happened next – it did spread.

好吧，我們都知道接下來發生了什麼--它確實擴散了。

But, working behind the scenes, scientists developed

但是，科學家們在幕後工作，開發出了一種新的技術。

tests we could use to see if we were infected.

我們可以用測試來確定我們是否被感染了。

But the main challenge was to develop a vaccine

但主要的挑戰是開發一種疫苗

that could stop us becoming infected altogether.

可以阻止我們完全被感染。

This involved people around the world

這涉及到世界各地的人們

working together to share information.

共同工作，共享資訊；

This work started straight away and Dr Peter Dazak,

這項工作直接開始，彼得-達扎克博士。

Zoologist and President of EcoHealth Alliance,

動物學家、生態健康聯盟主席。

told the Science in Action programme that this initial response in

科學在行動 "節目中說，這種初步反應在

China helped with the development of a vaccine…

中國幫助研發疫苗...

Despite what everyone says, you know, they had a system

儘管每個人都說，你知道，他們有一個系統。

to find unusual pneumonia cases.

以發現異常肺炎病例。

We now think that that system kicked in,

我們現在認為，這個系統啟動了。

maybe not on the first actual case of Covid,

也許不是在科維德的第一個實際案例上。

but certainly within a couple of months of the first case,

但肯定是在第一個案件發生後的幾個月內。

it seems.

看來

So that's quite quick.

所以，這是相當快的。

And then from that point, to actually getting a full genome,

然後從這一點，到真正得到一個完整的基因組。

genetic sequence of the virus, was very quick –

病毒的基因序列，是非常快的--------。

and getting that published and publically available –

並將其公佈和公開--------------。

and then rapidly developing diagnostic tests and vaccines now –

然後迅速開發診斷測試和疫苗，現在--。

that's really worked well.

這真的很好用。

So China had a scientific system which kicked in –

於是，中國有了一套科學的制度，這套制度發作了------。

or started happening – quite quickly.

或開始發生--相當快。

Within a few months of the first coronavirus outbreak,

在第一次冠狀病毒爆發的幾個月內。

experts began to work out the full genome of the virus –

專家們開始研究出病毒的完整基因組--------。

that's the full amount of genetic information of something.

那是東西的全部遺傳信息。

This genetic information was made publically available

這些遺傳信息已公開發表。

and helped towards the development of various vaccines

並幫助開發各種疫苗

that we see now –

我們現在看到的

which is hopefully our way out of this pandemic.

這是希望我們擺脫這種流行病的方法。

Let's hope so, Georgina.

希望如此，喬治娜

The science is amazing and is explained in more detail in the

科學是驚人的，在《》中會有更詳細的解釋。

BBC's Science in Action programme.

英國廣播公司的《科學在行動》節目。

But now let's get back to our quiz question.

但現在讓我們回到我們的測驗題。

Earlier I asked you

剛才我問你

how many people were infected by Spanish flu back in 1918/1919?

在1918/19年有多少人感染了西班牙流感？

I guessed 500 million. Was I right?

我猜的是五億。我猜對了嗎？

You were, Georgina.

你是，喬治娜

An incredible 500 million people around the world were

全世界有難以置信的5億人

infected by the Spanish flu virus

西班牙流感病毒感染者

and over 50 million people died worldwide.

並在全球範圍內死亡5000多萬人。

Well, the death toll from coronavirus hasn't been that bad,

嗯，冠狀病毒的死亡人數並沒有那麼嚴重。

but is still a significant number.

但仍是一個重要的數字。

OK, well we've just time to recap

好了，好了，我們只是時間來回顧一下

some of the vocabulary we've discussed today.

我們今天討論的一些詞彙。

Starting with pandemic – a disease that

從流行病開始--------------------疾病

affects many people around the world.

影響到世界各地的許多人。

When something took hold, it means it became

當某件事情紮根時，就意味著它成為

stronger and was difficult to stop.

更強，難以阻止。

The word wimpy describes something or someone that's

"懦弱 "這個詞形容的是某件事或某人的

feeble or not very strong.

弱不禁風

Something that is sheer is great or significant –

純粹的東西是偉大的或重要的--。

so sheer numbers means a great amount of something.

所以，數量上的優勢意味著大量的東西。

When something kicks in it starts to happen.

當某件事情發作時，就會開始發生。

And a genome is the full amount of

而一個基因組就是全部的

genetic information of something.

東西的遺傳信息。

Well, we're out of time but there's lots

好吧，我們沒有時間了，但有很多的

more 6 Minute English programmes to enjoy on our website

更多6分鐘英語節目，請訪問我們的網站。

at bbclearningenglish.com.

在bbclearningenglish.com。

And if you like topical discussions and want to learn how to

如果你喜歡話題性的討論，並想學習如何進行

use the vocabulary found in headlines,

使用標題中的詞彙。

why not try out our News Review podcast?

為什麼不試試我們的新聞評論播客？

You'll find programmes specifically about Covid-19

你可以找到專門關於Covid-19的節目。

and lots of other interesting topics.

以及很多其他有趣的話題。

Remember we also have an app that you can download

請記住，我們還有一個應用程序，你可以下載。

for free from the app stores.

從應用商店免費獲得。

And of course, we are on most social media platforms.

當然，我們也在大多數社交媒體平臺上。

Thanks for listening and goodbye.

謝謝你的聆聽，再見。

Goodbye.

再見了