Name: 中國在巴爾幹地區挖運河的瘋狂計劃 (China's Insane Plan to Dig a Canal Across the Balkans)
Uploaded: 2021-02-23T19:22:12.000Z
Duration: 10 min 30 s

基礎被動語態

this video was made possible by curiosity Stream.

情態副詞

Get the Curiosity Stream Nebula Bundle deal currently on sale for just over a dollar a month.

獲得目前正在發售的好奇心流星雲大禮包優惠，每月僅需一元多。

A curiosity stream dot com slash real life floor China is on the rise and has been for the last several decades.

一個好奇流點點網斜線真人樓中國正在崛起，過去幾十年一直在崛起。

Economically speaking, Even just half a century ago, in the early 19 seventies, the Chinese GDP per capita was on a par with Molly and Haiti at just over $100 while today it is surpassed countries like Russia and is over $10,000 a 100 fold increase.

從經濟上講，即使在半個世紀前，也就是1970年代初，中國的人均GDP與莫利和海地持平，只有100多美元，而今天卻超過了俄羅斯等國家，超過了1萬美元，增長了100倍。

Further, the economy in total ranks second in the world, behind only the United States in terms of overall nominal GDP.

此外，經濟總量位居世界第二，僅次於美國的整體名義GDP。

This incredible increase in the Chinese economy has brought about unprecedented levels of prosperity and new economic visions, such as the Belt and Road initiative, which is aimed at investing globally to increase trade and develop a 21st century version of what was the old Silk Road.

中國經濟的這種不可思議的增長帶來了前所未有的繁榮和新的經濟願景，比如一帶一路倡議，其目的是在全球範圍內進行投資，以增加貿易，發展21世紀版的舊絲綢之路。

As part of this economic vision, China has engaged something like 138 countries and 30 international organizations, and provided funding for large infrastructure projects across the world like ports Railways and Mawr.

作為這種經濟願景的一部分，中國已經與138個國家和30個國際組織進行了接觸，併為世界各地的大型基礎設施項目提供資金，如港口鐵路和毛爾。

One specific piece of this vision is what is known as the Maritime Silk Road, which covers the sea route from China stretching across the South China Sea over the Indian Ocean towards Africa and on through the Suez Canal, reaching Europe through several main ports on the Mediterranean.

這一願景的一個具體內容就是所謂的海上絲綢之路，它涵蓋了從中國跨越南中國海，經過印度洋向非洲延伸，再通過蘇伊士運河，通過地中海上的幾個主要港口到達歐洲的海上通道。

Essentially, it's a complimentary initiative to the main portions of the initiative aimed at investing in fostering relationships with other countries while ensuring that Chinese goods can be supplied globally.

從本質上講，這是對主要部分的補充，旨在投資培養與其他國家的關係，同時確保中國商品能夠全球供應。

But if we zoom in on Europe specifically, we can see two ports.

但如果我們把歐洲具體放大，可以看到兩個港口。

The China has focused on more than most the Greek port of Kira's and the Italian port of Trieste.

奇納的重點比大多數希臘的基拉氏港和意大利的裡雅斯特港。

Here, China has invested hundreds of millions of dollars into infrastructure and improvements, hoping to increase capacity and ensure that Chinese goods are able to be delivered all across Europe.

在這裡，中國投入了數億美元用於基礎設施建設和改善，希望提高產能，確保中國商品能夠在歐洲各地送達。

Although these ports do grant access to Europe, it's still a very long truck or train ride across the continent from them to reach other major cities and towns.

雖然這些港口確實可以通往歐洲，但從這些港口出發，要想到達其他主要城市和城鎮，仍然需要乘坐卡車或火車穿過歐洲大陸，非常漫長。

Not to mention that trucks and trains are not nearly as efficient as boats, and neither are planes.

更何況卡車和火車的效率還不如船，飛機也不如。

If you do wish to continue sailing by ship to reach the rest of Europe, geography does offer you another option, but it does require a slight detour rather than heading straight inland towards the heart of Europe To report like Trieste A, your ships may instead turn east through the Turkish Straits, passing through the Dardanelles and on through the bosphorous before entering the Black Sea.

如果您確實希望繼續乘船航行到達歐洲其他地區，地理環境確實為您提供了另一種選擇，但它確實需要稍微繞行，而不是直奔歐洲中心的內陸。 為了像的裡雅斯特A報告，您的船隻可能會轉向東邊，通過土耳其海峽，經過達達尼爾海峽，在進入黑海之前，繼續穿過博斯普魯斯海峽。

From here, ships can continue sailing up along the coast and into the mouth of the Danube River, which will grant your ships access to much of Europe through cities like Belgrade, Budapest, Vienna and Regensburg.

從這裡，船舶可以繼續沿著海岸線航行，進入多瑙河口，這將使您的船舶通過貝爾格萊德、布達佩斯、維也納和雷根斯堡等城市進入歐洲大部分地區。

Further, with the completion of the Rhine Danube Canal in the early 19 nineties, ships can move along this route even further than before and reach all the way up to the North Sea of desired with access to Europe's largest port in Rotterdam.

此外，隨著萊茵河多瑙河運河在九十年代初的建成，船舶可以沿著這條航線比以前更進一步，一直到達所需的北海，並可進入歐洲最大的港口鹿特丹。

But what if you could pass through the Danube and all of the cities and ports alongside it through maybe a more direct route?

但是，如果你能通過多瑙河和它旁邊的所有城市和港口，通過也許更直接的路線呢？

Well, this is exactly what China, as well as several other countries in the European region, are exploring as a direct route to the Danube from the Mediterranean sea would provide an incredible benefits.

嗯，這正是中國以及歐洲地區其他一些國家正在探索的，因為從地中海直達多瑙河的航線將帶來不可思議的好處。

It turns out there are actually two paths being considered for this proposed shortcut.

原來，這個建議的捷徑其實有兩條路在考慮。

Option one would connect the Danube to the Aegean Sea near Greece by using to existing rivers the Morava River, which runs through Serbia, and the Vardar River, which runs through north Macedonia, and on into Greece, by connecting these rivers via canal and widening the river.

方案一是利用貫穿塞爾維亞的莫拉瓦河和貫穿馬其頓北部的瓦爾達河等現有河流，通過運河連接這些河流並拓寬河流，將多瑙河與希臘附近的愛琴海連接起來。

At some points, there would be a clean path all the way from Thessaloniki on the coast of the Aegean Sea, all the way up to just east of Belgrade on the Danube River.

在某些時候，會有一條幹淨的道路，從愛琴海沿岸的塞薩洛尼基，一直到多瑙河東邊的貝爾格萊德。

Of course, this option doesn't come without its challenges, as much of the river would be required to be widened and cleaned up.

當然，這個方案也不是沒有挑戰，因為大部分河道需要拓寬和清理。

You see today much of the river is quite narrow, which would prevent the passage of many cargo ships.

你看如今很多河道都很狹窄，這會阻礙很多貨船的通行。

And according to European canal standards, the minimum depth must be at least 4 m, and the total width of the canal must be at least 28 m, meaning that although this route could make use of the existing rivers, there would still be a lot of work to do to allow full on cargo ships to pass through in a similar manner.

而根據歐洲運河的標準，最小深度必須至少4米，運河的總寬度必須至少28米，也就是說，雖然這條航線可以利用現有的河流，但要想讓滿載的貨船以類似的方式通過，還有很多工作要做。

Option to would be to connect the Danube through to the Adriatic Sea near Venice.

方案是將多瑙河連接到威尼斯附近的亞得里亞海。

This routes, although still being considered, is admittedly a bit tougher to traverse from a geography standpoints, the proposed channel would run up through the northern part of Italy and connect through the Austrian Alps via an 88 kilometer long tunnel that would then pass through Germany up through to near Passel, where access to the Danube would be granted.

這條路線雖然還在考慮中，但從地理角度來看，確實比較難走，擬議中的通道將穿過意大利北部，通過88公里長的隧道連接奧地利阿爾卑斯山，然後穿過德國，直到帕塞爾附近，在那裡可以進入多瑙河。

This route, like the previous one, would be approximately 700 kilometers in length and make use of smaller, existing river stemming from the Austrian Alps.

這條路線與前一條路線一樣，長度約為700公里，將利用奧地利阿爾卑斯山上現有的較小河流。

However, being that this route would require an extremely long tunnel 88 kilometers long, it would be incredibly difficult.

但是，由於這條路線需要一條88公里長的超長隧道，難度非常大。

But it, like the first option, would save a massive amount of time for future cargo ships as opposed to going through the Black Sea route, for example, while considering the first option, the distance from the Aegean Sea to Belgrade via the Black Sea and along the Danube is roughly 1900 kilometers.

但它和第一種方案一樣，相對於走黑海航線，未來貨船可以節省大量的時間，例如，在考慮第一種方案時，從愛琴海經黑海到貝爾格萊德，沿多瑙河的距離大概是1900公里。

Compare this to the distance that you would take through the canal, which would be somewhere around 1000 kilometers from the middle of the Aegean Sea to Belgrade.

對比一下通過運河的距離，從愛琴海中部到貝爾格萊德大約有1000公里。

Therefore, ships entering the Mediterranean via the Suez Canal from Asia, like Chinese cargo vessels, would each be saving around 900 kilometers of transportation time to major European ports and cities like Budapest, Vienna and Rotterdam.

是以，像中國貨輪這樣通過蘇伊士運河從亞洲進入地中海的船舶，到布達佩斯、維也納、鹿特丹等歐洲主要港口和城市，每艘船將節省約900公里的運輸時間。

If this canal existed and on an average sailing speed of 10 kilometers an hour, that would be the difference in nearly eight days of sailing, normally versus just over four days with the canal.

如果這條運河存在，按照平均每小時10公里的航行速度，正常情況下，與有運河的情況下，只需要4天多的航行時間，就會有近8天的差別。

Now, of course, you would have to add in some extra time for canal locks and possibly some traffic.

當然，現在，你必須增加一些額外的時間，以滿足運河船閘和可能的一些交通。

It would save a massive amount of time and also be way more efficient, which ultimately will save the Chinese a lot of money.

這將節省大量的時間，同時也能提高工作效率，最終將為中國人節省大量的資金。

On the average, a European class five bars, with a length of 109 m and a width of 11.4 m can transport about 2000 tons of goods at a time.

平均而言，一艘長109米、寬11.4米的歐洲級五條，一次可運輸2000噸左右的貨物。

In order to transport that same amount of goods overland, you'd either need 82 trucks or 42 train cars.

為了通過陸路運輸同樣數量的貨物，你需要82輛卡車或42節火車車廂。

Boats and barges are simply more efficient than any land based transportation method.

船和駁船的效率簡直比任何陸上運輸方式都高。

They require significantly less crude operate, take up way less resource is and are much more environmentally friendly, too.

它們所需的原油操作量少得多，佔用的資源少得多，而且也更環保。

And while you might think, why hasn't this been thought of sooner?

你可能會想，為什麼不早點想到呢？

You see, the origins of connecting the Danube to the Mediterranean in this fashion could be traced all the way back to the 18 forties, when the idea was originally discussed in 19 oh seven, the United States actually established an engineering commission to perform a study of the proposed paths that could connect the Danube to the Mediterranean and determine if a canal could be reasonably built.

你看，以這種方式連接多瑙河和地中海的起源可以追溯到1840年代，當時這個想法最初是在19哦7討論的，美國實際上成立了一個工程委員會，對連接多瑙河和地中海的擬議路徑進行研究，並確定是否可以合理地建造一條運河。

But after a few, let's say, turbulent geopolitical events in the area over the course of the 20th century.

但經過20世紀該地區幾次，比方說，動盪的地緣政治事件。

Like the Balkan wars of 1912 1913 the first World War, the collapse of the Ottoman Empire, the Second World War, the Cold War, the collapse of Yugoslavia and the Yugoslav wars of the 19 nineties, the project was eventually put aside.

就像1912年的巴爾幹戰爭1913年的第一次世界大戰、奧斯曼帝國的崩潰、第二次世界大戰、冷戰、南斯拉夫的崩潰和1990年代的南斯拉夫戰爭一樣，這個項目最終被擱置。

The past century has been infamously chaotic for the Balkans, and chaos breeds fear and uncertainty, which are things that outside investors generally don't appreciate.

上個世紀，巴爾幹地區的混亂是出了名的，混亂滋生了恐懼和不確定性，而這些東西是外部投資者普遍不欣賞的。

Even today, a project like the canal from the Aegean up to Belgrade would be complicated by numerous modern geopolitical factors.

即使在今天，從愛琴海到貝爾格萊德的運河這樣的項目也會因為眾多現代地緣政治因素而變得複雜。

For example, the first option for canal would have to begin in Greece, an EU member state, and run through north Macedonia and Serbia before entering the Danube, both of whom are non EU member states.

例如，第一種運河方案必須從歐盟成員國希臘開始，經過北馬其頓和塞爾維亞，然後進入多瑙河，這兩個國家都不是歐盟成員國。

Serbia's relationship with Kosovo has been the primary factor and them never being able to join the European Union.

塞爾維亞與科索沃的關係是他們永遠無法加入歐洲聯盟的主要因素。

While historically, both Greece and Bulgaria have blocked north Macedonia from being able to join either, With all of these countries, be capable of working together to build one of Europe's largest canals and further on, How would Turkey feel about all of this?

雖然歷史上，希臘和保加利亞都曾阻撓北馬其頓加入任何一個國家，但有了這些國家，有能力共同建設歐洲最大的運河之一，再往前走，土耳其會如何看待這一切？

For thousands of years now, the city of Istanbul and previously Constantinople, has been located at one of the most strategic locations on the planet at the entry point between the black and Mediterranean seas, which has given the city and whoever controls it immense power and influence over both regional and world affairs.

幾千年來，伊斯坦布爾城，也就是以前的君士坦丁堡，一直位於地球上最具戰略意義的位置之一，位於黑海和地中海之間的入口處，這使得這座城市以及控制它的人對地區和世界事務都擁有巨大的權力和影響力。

If the Chinese helped to fund a canal from the Danube to the Aegean, it would effectively give ships moving between the seas or between the Danube in the Mediterranean, an easy way to circumvent the Bosphorous for the first time in human history and radically alter the geopolitical reality of the area forever.

如果中國人幫助出資修建一條從多瑙河到愛琴海的運河，那麼實際上就會給往來於各大洋之間或地中海多瑙河之間的船隻，提供一條人類歷史上第一次繞過博斯普魯斯海峽的便捷通道，並從根本上永遠改變這一地區的地緣政治現實。

It would inevitably diminish the strategic location of Istanbul, and as a consequence, Turkey might not end up being too happy about it.

這勢必會削弱伊斯坦布爾的戰略地位，是以，土耳其最終可能不會太高興。

However, as China looks to expand her influence abroad and influence in global geopolitics, we can expect high dollar infrastructure projects like this to happen some way or another at some point in the future.

然而，隨著中國希望擴大其在海外的影響力和在全球地緣政治中的影響力，我們可以預期類似這樣的高額基礎設施項目會在未來的某個時間點以某種方式發生。

And despite the projects projected $20 billion price tag, it would it be too surprising seeing the thing actually get built anyway sometime in the next few decades.

儘管該項目預計售價為200億美元，但無論如何，在未來幾十年的某個時候，看到這個項目真正建成，會不會太令人驚訝。

Since the project is both technically feasible with modern technology and certainly economically justifiable from the Chinese and probably European perspectives to it may be the best time since 19 oh seven to look at altering the geography of the Balkans for economic gain.

由於這個項目在技術上和現代技術上都是可行的，而且從中國和歐洲的角度來看，在經濟上也是合理的，這可能是自1907年以來，為了經濟利益而改變巴爾幹地區地理的最佳時機。

And it's definitely the best time in history to look into buying the nebula curiosity stream bundle, too.

而且現在也絕對是歷史上最好的時機，可以考慮購買星雲好奇流捆綁。

As you probably know by now, Nebula is absolutely full of content from your favorite educational creators and me.

你現在可能已經知道了，星雲的內容絕對是來自你最喜歡的教育創作者和我。

Siri's Ghost Towns, every real life floor video goes up at least one full day early, and none of them have any ads.

Siri的《鬼城》，每一個真人樓層視頻至少提前一天上線，而且都沒有任何廣告。

My new channel, Bio Arc, has videos going up a full week early before they do on YouTube, and I'm working on a new original Siri's called Bio Arc after Dark.

我的新頻道Bio Arc的視頻比YouTube上的視頻提前了整整一週，我正在製作一個新的原創Siri的叫Bio Arc after Dark。

And with that bundle, you also get access to curiosity streams, thousands of top quality professional documentaries like Cities of Tomorrow, which will take you into a deep dive into the world of the future across three episodes that will explain in rich detail what life in our cities will be like 50 years from now.

而通過這個捆綁，你還可以獲得好奇心流，上千部頂級的專業紀錄片，比如《明日之城》，它將帶你深入到未來的世界，橫跨三集，豐富的細節解釋了50年後我們城市的生活會是什麼樣子。

And if that isn't your cup of tea, then there's thousands of other documentaries to choose from between subjects like engineering, history, science, nature and mawr.

如果這不是你的那杯茶，那麼還有數千部其他的紀錄片可以在工程、歷史、科學、自然和毛利等主題之間選擇。

And right now, the nebula Curiosity Stream bundle is on sale for less than $15 for the entire year.

而現在，星雲好奇流捆綁銷售，全年不到15元。

 So please make sure to head over to curiosity, stream dot com slash real life floor, get the bundle deal and help support not only myself and real life floor, but dozens of other educational and thoughtful independent creators. 

所以，請大家一定要去好奇心、流點網斜線真人樓，獲得捆綁交易，並幫助支持不僅是我和真人樓，還有其他幾十位有教育意義和有思想的獨立創作者。