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這個視頻是由Skillshare提供的
Start learning anything for free for 2 months
2個月內開始免費學習任何東西
At skl.sh/reallifelore16
在skl.sh/reallifelore16處
Nature is still the queen of our planet
大自然仍然是我們星球的女王
And one of the greatest displays of her raw power
也是她原始力量的最大展示之一。
Can be found in the form of hurricanes
可以以颶風的形式出現。
These huge and often disastrous storms
這些巨大的、經常是災難性的風暴
Are a well known fact of life
是眾所周知的事實
To sailors and coastal communities the world over
致全世界的水手和沿海社區
But these storms are called different ways depending on where you are
但這些風暴的叫法因你在哪裡而不同
In the Atlantic and North-Eastern Pacific, they are hurricanes
在大西洋和東北太平洋,它們是颶風。
In the North-Western Pacific, they are typhoons
在西北太平洋,它們是颱風。
While in the South-Pacific and Indian Oceans, they are known as Cyclones
而在南太平洋和印度洋,它們被稱為氣旋。
Whatever name they go by
不管他們叫什麼名字
They are nothing to take lightly
這些都是不可輕視的
But how large and how powerful can these storms actually get?
但這些風暴到底能有多大,威力有多大?
Let's start explaining the Saphir-Simpson scale
我們先來解釋一下薩弗爾-辛普森量表
Which you've probably already seen used
你可能已經見過使用
It measures hurricanes on a scale between category 1 on the low end
它以低端的1級颶風來衡量。
And category 5 on the high end
而高端的5類
To help you visualize what each level of the scale means
為了幫助您直觀地瞭解量表的每個等級意味著什麼。
Let's begin with the smallest known cyclone ever on record:
讓我們從有記錄以來最小的氣旋開始。
Tropical Storm Marco
熱帶風暴馬可
To be classified as a category 1 hurricane
被列為1級颶風。
A storm needs to have wind speeds of at least 74 miles per hour (119 kilometers per hour)
風暴的風速至少要達到74英里/小時(119公里/小時)。
And so since Marco only had a maximum speed of 65 miles per hour (105 kilometers per hour)
是以,由於馬可的最高時速只有65英里/小時(105公里/小時)。
It wouldn't even register on the scale
它甚至不會登記在秤上
The storm was about the same size as Rhode Island
風暴的大小和羅德島差不多。
And the damage it caused when it impacted Mexico was minimal
而當它衝擊墨西哥時,造成的損失是最小的
But obviously, actual hurricanes can get much nastier than this
但很明顯,實際的颶風可能會比這個更可怕。
Even on the low end at a category 1 storm
即使是在一級風暴的低端。
Hurricane Nate in 2017 became the costliest natural disaster in the history of Costa Rica
2017年的 "內特 "颶風成為哥斯達黎加歷史上損失最大的自然災害。
Causing 787 million dollars in damage and claiming the lives of 48 people
造成7.87億美元的損失,48人死亡。
A category 1 storm has wind speeds
一級風暴的風速
Ranging between 74 and 95 miles per hour (120-153 kilometers per hour)
時速74至95英里(120至153公里)
And Nate's max speed at 90 miles per hour (145 kilometers per hour) easily made it make the mark
而內特以每小時90英里(145公里)的最高時速,很容易就能讓它達到目標
But the further up the scale we go
但我們越往上走
The more ferocious the wind speeds become
風速越大越凶猛
At category 2
第2類
A hurricane must have wind speeds of between 96 and 110 miles per hour (154-177 kilometers per hour)
颶風的風速必須在96至110英里/小時(154-177公里/小時)之間。
This is fast enough to damage roofs and windows of homes, uproots of trees and destroy mobile homes
這種速度很快,足以破壞房屋的屋頂和窗戶,將樹木連根拔起,並摧毀移動房屋。
Hurricane Arthur is a recent example of this type
颶風 "阿瑟 "就是最近的一個例子。
Which grew to about the size of Montenegro
增長到和黑山差不多大
Once we reach category 3
一旦我們達到第三類
These and all further storms are considered to be major hurricanes
這些和所有進一步的風暴都被認為是主要的颶風。
To be considered a category 3
要被視為第3類
A storm needs to have wind speeds between 111 and 129 miles per hour (178-208 kilometers per hour)
風暴的風速需要在每小時111到129英里(178-208公里)之間。
Even the most well-built homes
即使是最完善的住宅
Or office buildings can suffer minor damage against this
或者是寫字樓對這種情況也會受到輕微的損害
While buildings without a solid foundation
雖然沒有堅實基礎的建築物
Will probably be totally destroyed
可能會被徹底摧毀
Hurricane Otto in 2016 was a good example of this type
2016年的颶風 "奧托 "就是一個很好的例子。
Which grew to have a max wind speed of 115 miles per hour (185 kilometers per hour)
最大風速達到115英里/小時(185公里/小時)。
And became close in size to The Netherlands
並在規模上與荷蘭接近
Hurricanes start getting extremely terrifying when they reach category 4 though
颶風到了四級就開始變得非常可怕,不過。
The deadliest natural disaster in all of American history
美國曆史上最致命的自然災害。
Was because of a category 4 hurricane, that struck the city of Galveston in 1900
是由於4級颶風,在1900年襲擊了加爾維斯頓市。
With wind speeds approaching a 145 miles per hour (233 Kilometers per hour)
風速接近每小時145英里(233公里)。
The hurricane basically destroyed the entire city
颶風基本上摧毀了整個城市
And left somewhere between 6000 and 12000 people dead
並留下了6000到12000人的死亡。
But that's nowhere near the deadliest cyclone in world history
但這遠不及世界歷史上最致命的氣旋。
That unfortunate honor goes to the 1970 Bhola Cyclone
這個不幸的榮譽屬於1970年的Bhola Cyclone。
That smashed into a place that used to be called East Pakistan
撞到了一個曾經被稱為東巴基斯坦的地方。
And now it's called Bangladesh
現在它叫孟加拉國
The storm was about the size of Albania
這場風暴的大小和阿爾巴尼亞差不多
And claimed the lives of over 500000 people!
並奪走了50多萬人的生命!
More then all American fatalities during the Second World War combined!
比二戰期間所有美國人的死亡人數加起來還要多!
Another horrible record set by a category 4 hurricane was by Harvey in 2017
四級颶風創造的另一個恐怖紀錄是2017年的哈維創造的
Approaching the size of Hungary, it slammed into the coast of Texas in 2017
接近匈牙利大小,2017年撞向德克薩斯州海岸
And became the costliest hurricane in history!
併成為史上最昂貴的颶風!
Causing about 125 billion dollars in damage
造成約1250億美元的損失
Which is also close to Hungary's total GDP
這也接近匈牙利的GDP總量
So you can maybe call Harvey a Hungary missile
所以你可以把哈維稱為匈牙利飛彈。
But that missile's record is technically tied with an even more ferocious storm back from 2005, Katrina
但從技術上講,這枚飛彈的記錄與2005年的一場更猛烈的風暴,卡特里娜颶風平分秋色。
Which became a monster close in size to Poland
變成了一個和波蘭差不多大小的怪物
With wind speeds of a 175 miles per hour (282 kilometers per hour
以每小時175英里(282公里)的風速。
It also caused a 125 billion dollars in damage
它還造成了1250億美元的損失
And claimed the lives of over a 1000 people when it struck the southern US
並在襲擊美國南部地區時奪去了1000多人的生命。
This is our first category 5 hurricane
這是我們第一個五級颶風
But there are many more that are significantly bigger
但是,還有很多明顯更大的
As it stands now as of the making of this video
就像現在這個視頻的製作一樣
Hurricane Florence as not yet made landfall in the Carolina's
颶風佛羅倫薩尚未登陸卡羅萊納州的
But it's looking like a true monster approaching the size of France
但它看起來就像一個真正的怪物接近法國的大小。
Hurricane Patricia back in 1979 grew to about the size of the entire Iberian peninsula
1979年的帕特里夏颶風的面積相當於整個伊比利亞半島的面積。
Spain and Portugal combined...
西班牙和葡萄牙聯合...
And clocked in the highest wind speeds ever measured in a hurricane
並在颶風中測得最高風速。
At a demonically fast 215 miles per hour (346 kilometers per hour)
以每小時215英里(346公里)的速度快得驚人
That's fast enough to probably destroy most buildings that would ever come across
這速度足以摧毀大部分的建築物,可能會遇到。
But there's still a few who have grown even bigger...
但還是有少數人長得更大... ...
Well not as ferociously fast
沒有那麼快
Hurricane John was considerably bigger in size nearly the same as Iran!
颶風 "約翰 "的規模相當大,幾乎和伊朗一樣!
John holds the record for being the longest lasting hurricane at 31 days!
約翰保持著持續時間最長的颶風紀錄,31天!
And the furthest distance traveled by one 11530 kilometers (7160 miles)
而一個11530公里(7160英里)的最遠距離。
Or about 29% of the way around the entire planet!
也就是整個地球29%的路程!
Only a tiny handful of hurricanes have ever been bigger than this
只有極少數的颶風比這個大。
But one of them was Sandy
但其中有一個是桑迪
Which became the biggest hurricane to ever strike the US
成為美國有史以來最大的颶風。
It was about half the size of Australia
它的面積約為澳洲的一半
Which looks horrific on a map by the east coast!
這在東海岸的地圖上看起來很可怕!
But with a wind speed of only a 115 miles per hour (185 kilometers per hour)
但風速只有115英里/小時(185公里/小時)。
It was actually classified as just a category 3 storm
實際上,它只是被列為三級風暴
So the damage it caused wasn't as bad as it could've been if it had upgraded
所以,它造成的傷害並不像它可能已經升級的那麼糟糕
But by far the biggest and most terrifying storm on our planet is known to a have ever experienced was Typhoon Tip
但到目前為止,地球上最大最可怕的風暴是颱風 "蒂普"。
Back in 1979
早在1979年
Growing in the North-Western Pacific
生長在西北太平洋
Tip reached a size comparable to the entire county of India!
小費達到了相當於整個印度縣的規模!
And maintained windspeeds of a 190 miles per hour! (305 kilometers per hour!)
並保持著每小時190英里的風速!(每小時305公里!)。(305公里每小時!)
Thankfully Tip weakened before it eventually hit Japan
幸運的是,在最終襲擊日本之前,Tip就已經減弱了。
But imagine the damage it could've caused if it had hit somewhere at its peak strength...
但是,想象一下,如果它擊中了某處的巔峰力量,會造成多大的損失... ...
If the Hungary missile caused a 125 billion dollars of damage in Texas
如果匈牙利飛彈在德州造成1250億美元的損失。
Imagine what an INDIA missile could've done in Japan...
想象一下印度的飛彈能在日本做什麼... ...
But worst of all
但最糟糕的是
Hurricanes are probably going to get bigger later during the century
颶風在本世紀後期可能會越來越大。
Because of Global Warming
因為全球變暖
The warmer the ocean water gets...
海水越暖和... ...
The stronger the hurricane's winds can become
颶風的風力越大,就會越強。
Noah estimates that because of Climate Change
諾亞估計,由於氣候變化
Hurricanes intensity will increase by 2 to 11% by 2100
到2100年,颶風強度將增加2%至11%。
Which doesn't sound like a lot
這聽起來不像是很多
Until you remember that 2-11% of wind speeds close to 200 miles per hour
直到你記得2-11%的風速接近每小時200英里的時候
Is close to 4-22 additional miles per hour (6-35 kilometers per hour)
接近每小時4-22英里(每小時6-35公里)的額外里程。
Which is fast enough over a speed limit to get you a ticket pretty much anywhere
超速的速度足以讓你在任何地方都能拿到罰單
Speed is important or at least the illusion of it is
速度是很重要的,或者說至少有這樣的錯覺。
Before I started this YouTube channel
在我開始這個YouTube頻道之前
I created a feature length movie over a summer
我在一個夏天創作了一部長篇電影
But I really had no idea what I was doing
但我真的不知道自己在做什麼?
If you're trying to do something similar, right now
如果你想做類似的事情,現在
Like filming you're own movie, video's for YouTube or any other cinematic project
比如拍攝你自己的電影,YouTube的視頻或任何其他電影項目。
Then there is no other better place to learn what you're doing then over at Skillshare
然後,沒有其他更好的地方來學習你在做什麼,然後在技能共享。
While learning from their classes on aerial videography or, filming scene transitions is incredibly useful
雖然從他們的課堂上學習空中攝像或,拍攝場景轉換是非常有用的。
Skillshare, of course, has many other interesting classes
當然,Skillshare還有很多其他有趣的課程。
As well on topics like: Data science programming and animation
以及關於以下主題。數據科學編程和動畫
In fact, Skillshare has over 20000 classes
事實上,Skillshare有超過20000個課程
So if there is something you want to learn
所以,如果你有什麼想學習的
Then Skillshare has probably a class on it
那麼技能共享中心可能有一個班級
Best of all you can start leaning with Skillshare for free for 2 entire months
最重要的是,你可以開始傾斜與技能共享2個月整整的免費
And support RealLifeLore by signing up today
通過今天的註冊來支持RealLifeLore。
By clicking the link in the description at skl.sh/reallifelore16
點擊描述中的鏈接skl.sh/reallifelore16。
*Music*
*音樂*