Name: 在俄羅斯和阿拉斯加之間建橋的瘋狂計劃 (The Insane Plan to Build a Bridge Between Russia and Alaska)
Uploaded: 2021-02-20T22:01:00.000Z
Duration: 9 min 22 s

基礎被動語態

this video was made possible by skill share.

這段視頻是由技能分享促成的。

程度副詞

Share for free for two months by being one of the 1st 500 people to sign up using the link below North America and Asia seemed pretty far away.

通過使用下面的鏈接成為前500名註冊者之一，免費分享兩個月，北美和亞洲似乎相當遙遠。

They're separated by the biggest ocean on the planet, and the time difference between San Francisco and Tokyo is 16 hours, but they're not really as far away as it may seem at first.

他們之間隔著地球上最大的海洋，舊金山和東京之間的時差是16個小時，但他們其實並不像表面上看起來那麼遙遠。

As recently as 11,000 years ago, the two continents were actually connected by a landmass known as verrengia.

就在1.1萬年前，這兩個大陸實際上是由一個被稱為verrengia的大陸連接起來的。

At the time, Europe, Africa, Asia, North America and South America were all technically connected with one another by land, meaning that it was possible to walk between any of them.

當時，歐洲、非洲、亞洲、北美洲和南美洲在技術上都是通過陸地相互連接的，這意味著可以在任何一個地方之間行走。

And it's believed that's exactly what happened at Verrengia, which the ancient ancestors of modern day native Americans used as a migration route from Asia into the previously uninhabited Western Hemisphere about 15,000 years ago.

據信，這正是發生在Verrengia的事情，現代美國土著人的遠古祖先在大約1.5萬年前，從亞洲遷徙到以前無人居住的西半球的路線。

Rising sea level swallowed up verrengia about 11,000 years ago, which severed the connection between the Old World and the new, a connection that was lost so badly that it wouldn't be reconnected again until nearly 10,000 years later, when the north and later the Spanish rediscovered it, along with the new societies that had developed there in total isolation from the rest of outside civilization.

大約1.1萬年前，海平面的上升吞噬了弗倫吉亞，這切斷了舊世界和新世界之間的聯繫，這種聯繫失去得非常嚴重，直到近1萬年後，北方人和後來的西班牙人重新發現了它，以及在那裡發展起來的與外界文明完全隔絕的新社會。

The flooding of Baranja all that time ago created a new geographic feature that we still live with today.

一直以來，巴蘭賈的洪水造成了一個新的地理特徵，我們今天仍然生活在這裡。

The Bering Strait, a shallow and sometimes narrow body of water that serves as the boundary between the two once connected continents.

白令海峽是一個淺淺的、有時是狹窄的水體，它是兩個曾經相連的大陸之間的邊界。

Despite this during winter in modern times, when the straight freezes, people have journeyed across it with dog sleds, skis, some even by foot.

儘管在現代的冬天，當直道結冰時，人們用狗拉雪橇、滑雪板，有的甚至徒步穿越它。

And in 2008, a team even drove across the strait in a modified Land Rover defender.

而在2008年，甚至有車隊開著改裝過的路虎衛士穿越海峽。

Some people have even swam across the strait during the summer.

But could the continent's actually be connected again for everyday people like you or me to travel across, even in our lifetimes?

但是，像你我這樣的普通人，即使在有生之年，大陸的其實也可以再次連接起來，穿越嗎？

With sea levels continuing to rise around the planet, it's doubtful that nature will cause it to happen anytime soon.

隨著地球周圍的海平面持續上升，自然界是否會在短時間內造成這種情況的發生，令人懷疑。

But what if we built something ourselves at its narrowest point?

但是，如果我們在最狹窄的地方自己建造一些東西呢？

The Bering Strait is on Lee, 51 miles across, but geography has given a small blessing.

白令海峽在李上，縱橫51裡，但地理環境給了一個小確幸。

Two islands exist roughly in the middle of the straight, called the Dia Meade's.

直線中間大致存在兩個島嶼，稱為迪亞梅德島。

If we built a bridge or a tunnel, there would only need to be to connections roughly 25 miles long each and a third smaller one connecting the islands.

如果我們建造一座橋或一條隧道，就只需要連接每個大約25英里長的連接點和第三個較小的連接島嶼。

The depth of the water here is pretty shallow to just 55 m deep at the deepest point, which means that both tunnels or bridges could be feasible.

這裡的水深相當淺，最深處只有55米，這意味著無論是隧道還是橋樑都是可行的。

Longer connections between two points over an open ocean have already been built, like the recently completed Hong Kong Zhuhai Macau bridge that extends for 34 miles out over the sea.

在開放的海洋上，兩點之間已經建立了更長的連接，比如最近建成的港珠澳大橋，在海上延伸34英里。

The length and the sea depth of a bearing straight connection do not pose significant challenges to modern construction.

支座直連的長度和海深對現代施工不構成重大挑戰。

The bridge would open up the possibility for some truly outrageous road trips.

這座橋將為一些真正令人髮指的公路旅行提供可能性。

After all, you could drive between Washington, D.

畢竟，你可以在華盛頓特區之間開車。

And Moscow or New York City to Paris or on the very extreme and Miami to Cape Town.

而莫斯科或紐約市到巴黎，或者是非常極端的邁阿密到開普敦。

But would driving even be worth it if it was built?

但如果建成了，開起來還值得嗎？

For example, it's entirely possible for you to drive from New York City to Fairbanks, Alaska.

例如，你完全可以從紐約市開車到阿拉斯加的費爾班克斯。

The Google estimates will take you 71 hours of nonstop driving to complete.

谷歌估計，你需要71個小時的不間斷駕駛才能完成。

Realistically, that's probably in reality, a week long journey.

現實中，這可能在現實中是一個星期的旅程。

One way and round trip will put close to 9000 miles of wear and tear on to your car.

單程和往返會讓你的車磨損近9000英里。

Especially not while you could just get a flight from Alaska Airlines in Newark to Fairbanks that Onley cost $357 round trip and on Lee takes a journey of nine hours and 40 minutes.

尤其是當你可以直接從阿拉斯加航空公司在紐瓦克飛往費爾班克斯的班機上，安利來回需要357美元，而上李需要9小時40分鐘的旅程。

If a bridge was built over the Bering Strait that you could drive over, the chances are that basically nobody would actually bother to drive across it.

如果在白令海峽上建一座可以開車過去的橋，基本上基本上沒有人會真的去開車過去。

And it's not like you'd really be able to, even if you wanted Teoh.

而且就算你想要泰奧，也不是真的能做到。

This is the rial in the biggest challenge to overcome with building a bearing straight bridge.

這是建造承臺直橋要克服的最大挑戰中的rial。

This is what the highway system in modern day Alaska looks like.

這就是現代阿拉斯加的公路系統的樣子。

And as you can see, no roads connect the Bering Strait to the rest of the state, meaning that currently it's impossible to drive to the Bering Strait in Alaska, pretty much nobody lives around the area of the straight.

而你可以看到，白令海峽與州內其他地方沒有道路連接，也就是說，目前在阿拉斯加是不可能開車去白令海峽的，幾乎沒有人住在直道的周圍。

The biggest city is a town here called Gnome, which doesn't even have 4000 people living in it.

最大的城市是這裡的一個叫格諾姆的小鎮，裡面甚至沒有4000人居住。

The Gnome Census area, the territory immediately surrounding the Bering Strait, is roughly the same size as Albania, but on Lee has 9.5 1000 people living there.

侏儒人口普查區，即緊鄰白令海峽的領土，面積與阿爾巴尼亞大致相同，但李上有9.5 1000人居住在那裡。

There simply hasn't ever been much of a demand to build a highway out here so far in the middle of nowhere.

在這荒郊野外的地方，根本就沒有什麼修築高速公路的需求。

And this creates two problems for the Bering Strait Bridge.

而這給白令海峽大橋帶來了兩個問題。

In order for trains, trucks and cars to drive across the bridge or a tunnel, they need Thio actually be able to reach the straight.

為了讓火車、卡車和汽車能夠駛過橋樑或隧道，它們需要Thio實能夠到達直。

And as for the thousands of workers and the massive amounts of supplies required to build that bridge or tunnel, they also need a way to reach the straight.

而至於建造那座橋或隧道所需要的成千上萬的工人和大量的物資，他們也需要有辦法到達直。

And since the nearest major port is an Anchorage on the other side of the state, the road network would have to be built first before the bridge for the supplies.

而由於最近的主要港口是該州另一邊的安克雷奇，所以必須先修建公路網，然後再修建物資的橋樑。

To be able to get there, at least 520 miles of new highway or railroad would need to be constructed just to connect Nome to Fairbanks, the northernmost point of the existing Alaskan highway system, and at an estimated cost of $5 million per mile.

為了能夠到達那裡，僅僅是為了連接諾姆和現有阿拉斯加公路系統的最北端費爾班克斯，就需要修建至少520英里的新公路或鐵路，估計每英里的成本為500萬美元。

Just building this part would cost an eye watering $2.6 billion to finish, and the situation on the Russian side is even worse.

僅僅是建設這一部分，就需要花費26億美元的眼球來完成，而俄羅斯方面的情況就更糟糕了。

The entire western side of the strait belongs to the true coca autonomous accrued on area that's roughly the same size as Turkey.

整個海峽西側屬於真正的古柯自治積聚的區域，面積與土耳其大致相同。

But home toe on Lee, 50,000 or so people.

There are literally neighborhoods in New York City with more people than this entire massive province, and as a consequence, the road situation here is pretty dire.

在紐約市，有的街區的人口簡直比這整個龐大的省份還要多，是以，這裡的道路情況相當嚴峻。

There isn't a single existing railroad in over 2000 miles in any direction from the straight.

從直線方向2000多裡沒有一條現有的鐵路。

The nearest major highway is the legendary M 56 Colima highway, which isn't even paved, and it's still located 1200 miles away from the straight.

最近的主幹道是傳說中的M56科利馬公路，連鋪裝都沒有，而且還是位於1200英里外的直道。

Also known as the Road of Bones, the highway was built under Stalin with gulags labor, where untold numbers of workers died while constructing it in the wilderness, and we're simply buried beneath it just to give you a picture of how hard it is to build roads out here when factored in with the Alaskan side, Thousands of miles of new roads and railroads would need to be constructed to connect a hypothetical bridge toe anywhere notable in the outside world or at the least, to transport workers and supplies to the bridge.

這條公路也被稱為骨頭之路，是斯大林時期用古拉格勞工修建的，在荒野中修建公路時死了不計其數的工人，我們乾脆就埋在下面，只是為了讓你瞭解一下在這裡修建公路有多難，如果考慮到阿拉斯加那邊，需要修建數千英里的新公路和鐵路，才能把一座假設的橋頭連接到外界任何一個著名的地方，或者至少要把工人和物資運送到橋上。

The straight is located just south of the Arctic Circle, meaning that the construction site will have extremely dark and cold winters, with temperatures plummeting to negative 50 degrees Celsius.

直線位於北極圈以南，這意味著施工現場的冬季將極其黑暗和寒冷，氣溫將驟降至負50攝氏度。

Therefore, it's likely that construction would have to be restricted to just five months of the year between May and September for the safety of the construction crew.

是以，為了施工人員的安全，很可能一年中只有5月至9月這5個月要限制施工。

So who knows how many years the project could end up taking?

所以，誰知道這個項目最終會花多少年？

It's not really a technological challenge to build the Bering Strait bridge.

建造白令海峽大橋，其實並不是什麼技術難題。

That is totally doable, but it is in extreme logistical challenge, and that's not so doable.

這是完全可以做到的，但這是在極度的後勤挑戰，那就不太可行了。

Many studies have been made to estimate how much a project like this would cost to construct, with one estimate from the Discovery Channel claiming a price tag of $105 billion or about five times the price of the Channel tunnel between England and France and all for a bridge between basically to uninhabited wilderness is but with an ever warming Arctic and with the potential of building a pipeline across the bridge that could transport untold billions worth of gas and oil between the continents, the project could become more lucrative in the future than it is now.

許多研究都在估算這樣一個項目的建設成本，探索頻道的一項估算聲稱價格為1050億美元，約為英法之間英吉利海峽隧道價格的五倍，而這一切都只是為了在基本到無人居住的荒野之間架設一座橋樑，但隨著北極地區不斷變暖，以及有可能在橋上修建一條管道，可以在各大洲之間輸送價值不計其數的天然氣和石油，這個項目在未來可能會變得比現在更有利可圖。

Making videos like this one are challenging, but also a lot of fun.

製作這樣的視頻很有挑戰性，但也很有趣。

If you want to learn how to make something similar for your own YouTube channel, there's a few things that you'll have to learn.

如果你想學習如何為自己的YouTube頻道製作類似的東西，有幾件事你必須學會。

First, you'll need to learn how to write creative nonfiction, which skill share has a class for.

首先，你需要學習如何寫創意非虛構小說，技能分享有一個課程。

You'll need to learn how to record good audio, which skill share has a class for.

你需要學會如何錄製好的音頻，技能分享有一門課。

You'll need to learn how to edit that audio.

你需要學習如何編輯這些音頻。

After recording which skill share has yet another class for and especially important, you'll need to learn how to animate which skill share also has a class for taught by my friends at Kurtz's act.

錄完哪個技能分享又有一門課為，特別重要的是，你要學會如何動畫哪個技能分享也有一門課為，由我的朋友在庫爾茲的行為教。

If there's something that you're wanting to learn, the odds are pretty good.

如果有你想學的東西，機率很大。

That skill share has a class for whatever it is you're curious about.

那個技能分享有一個類，不管你好奇的是什麼。

You can take the classes on your computer on your IOS or android devices, and even offline with their app so you can learn anything, anywhere and any time.

你可以在IOS或安卓設備上的電腦上上課，甚至可以通過他們的應用程序離線學習，這樣你就可以在任何地方和任何時間學習任何東西。

But best of all, you can start learning with skill share for free for two months by being one of the 1st 500 people to sign up by clicking the link below or by visiting S k a l dot shh slash real life floor 22.

但最重要的是，只要成為第500名註冊者之一，點擊下面的鏈接，或者訪問S k a l點shh斜槓實戰樓22，就可以開始免費使用技能分享學習兩個月。