South Africa has suspended its rollout of the Oxford AstraZeneca coronavirus vaccine after a small clinical trials suggested that it offered only minimal protection against mild to moderate illness from the covert variant that originated in the country.

南非已經暫停了牛津阿斯利康冠狀病毒疫苗的推廣，因為小規模的臨床試驗表明，它只提供了最低限度的保護，防止來自該國的隱蔽變種的輕度到中度疾病。

South Africa received more than a million doses of the vaccine and had planned to start inoculating frontline health care workers in the coming days.

南非收到了100多萬劑疫苗，並計劃在未來幾天開始為一線醫護人員接種。

Authorities say that the vaccination program will proceed in the coming weeks, but with vaccines by by Johnson and Johnson and Pfizer by on tech instead, let's get more.

當局表示，疫苗接種計劃將在未來幾周內進行，但隨著疫苗由由強生和輝瑞公司在技術上代替，讓我們得到更多。

We are joined by Professor Salim Abdul Karim.

我們請到薩利姆-阿卜杜勒-卡里姆教授。

He is South Africa's leading infectious disease specialist and one of the chief medical advisers to the South African government.

他是南非著名的傳染病專家，也是南非政府的首席醫學顧問之一。

Thank you so much for your time this afternoon, sir.

非常感謝你今天下午的時間，先生。

Why suspend the AstraZeneca vaccine rollout Isn't limited protection better than zero protection?

為什麼要暫停阿斯利康疫苗的推廣，難道有限保護不比零保護好嗎？

Good afternoon.

下午好

So when we developed our overall vaccine strategy, we always wanted to have a diversity off candidates, and so AstraZeneca was one off the candidates we selected, based on the evidence that was available that showed it was effective against both mild and severe disease, including hospitalization.

是以，當我們制定整體疫苗戰略時，我們總是希望有一個多樣化的候選人，所以阿斯利康是我們選擇的候選人之一，基於現有的證據表明，它對輕度和重度疾病（包括住院）都有效。

However, the study that was just published that was just released yesterday showed that the efficacy against mild disease, eyes quite low and that's supported by laboratory evidence is well.

然而，昨天剛剛公佈的研究表明，對輕度疾病的療效，眼睛相當低，這是由實驗室證據支持的好。

Now we are uncertain about whether the AstraZeneca vaccine also prevents severe disease and hospitalization against the 51 y V two variant that is prevalent in South Africa.

現在，我們不確定阿斯利康疫苗是否還能預防南非流行的51 y V兩種變種的嚴重疾病和住院治療。

And so, in that kind of uncertainty, we thought it prudent to put a delay on the rollout off the AstraZeneca vaccine until we can establish the processes to collect the information to face this.

所以，在這種不確定性中，我們認為謹慎的做法是延後推出關閉阿斯利康疫苗，直到我們可以建立程序來收集資訊來面對這一點。

Okay, um, and there has been some reaction we have to say to that decision.

好吧，嗯，有一些反應 我們不得不說這個決定。

Professor Sara Gilbert, for example, Oxfords, lead vaccine developer.

例如，牛津大學Sara Gilbert教授，疫苗的主要開發者。

She said that the vaccine should still protect against severe disease, that she is at least optimistic that that is still the case.

她說，疫苗應該仍然可以防止嚴重的疾病，她至少樂觀地認為情況仍然如此。

Um, in the meantime, we mentioned your your front line workers, your healthcare workers.

嗯，同時，我們提到了你的 你的一線工人，你的醫護人員。

They were first in line to get this vaccine, and that was supposed to happen in the in the coming days.

他們是第一批接種這種疫苗的人，而這應該是在未來幾天內發生的。

So what do you tell them now that it's on hold?

那麼，現在擱置了，你怎麼跟他們說？

Given that they are facing that risk on a daily basis, of course, I wouldn't expect the investigators to say anything negative about their product, but the reality is that speculation doesn't help us.

鑑於他們每天都在面對這種風險，當然，我不會期望調查人員對他們的產品說些負面的話，但現實是，猜測對我們沒有幫助。

We need evidence, and the way in which we propose to collect that evidence is to actually roll out the AstraZeneca vaccine in a step wise manner where the first group that gets the vaccine, we would assess hospitalization rates.

我們需要證據，而我們建議收集證據的方式是實際推出阿斯利康疫苗，以循序漸進的方式，讓第一個接種疫苗的群體，我們會評估住院率。

And if we find it's below the threshold and we will continue the roll out of the AstraZeneca vaccine if we find it's above, that threshold will stop the AstraZeneca vaccine because we would like the approach that we take to be based on evidence we would wouldn't want to see us rolling this out to healthcare workers, only to find out later it doesn't prevent hospitalization and severe disease.

如果我們發現它低於閾值，我們將繼續推出阿斯利康疫苗，如果我們發現它高於閾值，該閾值將停止阿斯利康疫苗，因為我們希望我們採取的方法是基於證據，我們不會希望看到我們推出這個醫療工作者，只是後來發現它不能防止住院和嚴重疾病。

As for the health care workers, we have managed to secure some doses of the Johnson and Johnson vaccine, and those will start to be rolled out within the next week or two.

至於醫護人員，我們已經設法獲得了一些強生疫苗的劑量，這些疫苗將在下週或兩週內開始推廣。

So it's we haven't really impacted that much on our initial starting date.

所以，我們並沒有真正影響到我們最初的起始日期。

What we have impacted is our scale up.

我們影響的是我們的規模化發展。

We now have to take a more prudent approach to scale up while we scaling up the Johnson and Johnson vaccine we will, in parallel also be doing so with the AstraZeneca to assess its efficacy against hospitalization.

我們現在必須採取更謹慎的方式來擴大規模，同時我們在擴大強生疫苗的規模時，我們將，同時也在做阿斯利康，以評估其對住院的療效。

Just briefly tell us what makes you think that the other vaccines will have better results.

就簡單說說你憑什麼認為其他疫苗的效果會更好。

So as it stands right now, the Johnson and Johnson vaccine has actually been studied in South Africa in a very large trial that included the elderly as well.

所以就目前來看，強生疫苗其實已經在南非進行了一個非常大的試驗研究，其中也包括老年人。

And so they already have evidence to show that against the variant in South Africa, known as five or one y V two that the Johnson and Johnson vaccine is efficacious against that.

是以，他們已經有證據表明，對南非的變種，稱為五或一y V二，強生疫苗是有效的對該。

And it's 85% efficacious against hospitalization and severe disease.

而且對住院和重症有85%的療效。

So on that basis, we feel quite confident to move forward with the Johnson and Johnson.

所以在這個基礎上，我們對推進強生的發展很有信心。

We do, however, want to ensure we have a diversity of products, and so we do need to assess its affected the efficacy of each new vaccine, whether it's AstraZeneca or FISA, all of those will have to be assessed as part of the rollout.

然而，我們確實希望確保我們擁有多樣化的產品，是以我們確實需要評估其影響了每一種新疫苗的療效，無論是阿斯利康還是FISA，所有這些都必須作為推廣的一部分進行評估。

And while you are assessing that efficacy, I just like to ask you because I mean, you know, your hold of the rollout of the AstraZeneca has a lot of people nervous because it could potentially, you know, have wide ranging consequences for other initiatives.

而當你在評估該功效時，我只是想問你，因為我的意思是，你知道，你對阿斯利康的推出的把持讓很多人感到緊張，因為它可能會潛在地，你知道，對其他舉措產生廣泛的影響。

Um, do you suggest that other countries should follow South Africa's example?

嗯，你是否建議其他國家也要效仿南非？

Because, for example, this particular vaccine is a major component of the initial Kovacs global vaccine rollout, which covers, you know, about 150 countries around the world, mostly with lower on and lower middle income economies.

因為，舉例來說，這種特殊的疫苗是最初的Kovacs全球疫苗推廣的主要組成部分，它覆蓋了，你知道，大約150個國家在世界各地，主要是與較低的上和中低收入經濟體。

Yeah, I think each country will have to make its own decision Right now.

是啊，我想每個國家都要做出自己的決定，現在。

South Africa is in a slightly different position because the fiber one Wife V two variant, which is the variant that is able to escape immunity, constitutes about 80 to 90% of our circulating virus.

南非的情況稍有不同，因為纖維一妻V二變種，也就是能夠逃過免疫的變種，佔我國循環病毒的80-90%左右。

So our situation is different.

所以我們的情況是不一樣的。

Our decisions should not really apply to other centers and other countries unless they also have a dominance off the same variant.

我們的決定不應該真正適用於其他中心和其他國家，除非他們也有一個優勢，關閉相同的變體。

So our decision is variant related.

所以我們的決定是與變異有關。

It's not related to the specifics off the vaccine there.

這和疫苗的具體內容無關

There there are other challenges with the AstraZeneca vaccine, the availability of safety data in the elderly and so on.

阿斯利康疫苗還有其他的挑戰，老年人的安全性數據的獲得等等。

So those are issues that need to be resolved by regulators.

所以這些都是需要監管部門解決的問題。

From our point of view, we need to know the vaccine is efficacious in preventing people from getting severe illness and that's what we're waiting for.

從我們的角度來看，我們需要知道疫苗對預防人們得重病是有效的，這就是我們所等待的。

We thank you so much for joining us to walk us through the decision making process and the plans going forward.

我們非常感謝您加入我們，帶領我們完成決策過程和未來的計劃。

South Africa's leading infectious disease specialist, Salim Abdelkarim.

南非著名傳染病專家Salim Abdelkarim。

We appreciate it.

我們很感激。

Thank you, Please him.

謝謝你，請他。

Let's take a look at some other developments in the coronavirus pandemic.

我們來看看冠狀病毒大流行的其他一些進展。

World Health Organization experts are meeting in Geneva to discuss the AstraZeneca vaccine following its suspension in South Africa.

世界衛生組織的專家正在日內瓦舉行會議，討論阿斯利康疫苗在南非暫停使用後的問題。

The shot is a major part of global vaccine roll out plans as we've just heard.

這支疫苗是全球疫苗推廣計劃的重要組成部分，我們剛剛聽說。

Authorities in South Korea's capital Seoul, have launched a testing program for pet cats and dogs after the country reported its first cove in 19 case in a kitten.

在韓國首都首爾，當局已經啟動了一項寵物貓和狗的測試計劃，此前該國報告了其在19例小貓中的第一個洞穴。

Tests will be limited to pets showing symptoms of the virus who have been exposed to someone who tested positive, and the U.

測試將僅限於出現病毒症狀的寵物，這些寵物曾接觸過檢測呈陽性的人，而美國。

S has passed 27 million cases of the coronavirus, the highest number in the world.

斯已通過2700萬例冠狀病毒病例，是世界上最高的數字。

This as President Joe Biden warns, it will be difficult to vaccinate 75% of the population and achieve herd immunity by the end of the summer.

這正如美國總統喬-拜登所警告的那樣，要在夏季結束前為75%的人口接種疫苗並實現群體免疫是很困難的。