Name: 德國研究發現，口罩能顯著降低新的感染率｜COVID-19特別報道。 (Face masks reduce new infections significantly, German study finds | COVID-19 Special)
Uploaded: 2021-02-04T19:15:36.000Z
Duration: 12 min 14 s

They've been doing it long before the coronavirus pandemic.

早在冠狀病毒大流行之前，他們就已經這樣做了。

Western countries have been more reluctant to adopt face masks as a useful tool to fight the virus way.

西方國家更不願意採用面膜這種有用的工具來對抗病毒的方式。

Don't generally recommend the wearing of masks in public by otherwise, well, individuals because it has not been up to now associated with any particular benefit.

一般不建議在公共場合戴口罩，否則，個人，因為它還沒有到現在與任何特定的好處。

But eventually, opinion changed fancy home.

但最終，輿論改變了花樣的家。

Soon, masks popped up everywhere and experts changed their tune, People congregating often without masks, of being in crowds and jumping over and avoiding and not paying attention to the guidelines that we very carefully put out.

很快，到處都出現了口罩，專家們也改了口風，人們經常不戴口罩就聚集在一起，在人群中的跳過和避開，不注意我們非常小心地放出的準則。

We're going to continue to be in a lot of trouble, and there's gonna be a lot of hurt if that does not stop.

我們將繼續面臨很多麻煩，如果這種情況不停止，會有很多傷害。

Medical masks were back on the agenda, even becoming mandatory in some places.

醫用口罩又被提上日程，甚至在一些地方成為強制性的。

And just in case you're wondering, why isn't she wearing a mask?

萬一你想知道，她為什麼不戴面具？

Well, the studio is pretty much the only place I can take it off for now because things keep changing, just like the virus itself.

好吧，工作室是我目前唯一能脫身的地方，因為事情一直在變，就像病毒本身一樣。

And that also goes for the acceptance off wearing masks on the evidence that they really help curb the spread off the virus.

而這也為接受關閉戴口罩的證據，他們真的有助於遏制傳播關閉病毒。

In fact, a study from Germany has found that facemask could reduce the number of new Kobe 19 infections 20 days after their mandatory introductions, anywhere from 15 to 75%.

事實上，來自德國的一項研究發現，面罩可以在其強制引入後20天內減少新的科比19感染的數量，從15％到75％。

Researchers also found that the reduction in new cases was the most for those above 60 years of age.

研究人員還發現，60歲以上的人群新發病例減少最多。

This is the first study to identify causal effects in a population rather than in a clinical setting, highlighting the correlation between wearing face masks on a drop in new infections.

這是第一個在人群中而不是在臨床環境中確定因果關係的研究，強調了佩戴口罩對新感染率下降的相關性。

Classified, a professor of economics at the Johannes Gutenberg University minds is the co author off this study, and he joins me now, Good to have you with us.

分類，經濟學教授 在約翰內斯-古騰堡大學的頭腦 是這項研究的共同作者， 他現在加入我，很高興你和我們在一起。

Uh, what I noticed is that your study doesn't mention specific facemasks.

呃，我注意到的是，你的研究並沒有提到具體的面罩。

We don't mention specific facemask because the regulation at that time just required to wear any mask.

我們不提具體的面罩，因為當時的規定只是要求戴任何面罩。

So these were probably normal, self made homemade masks.

所以這些可能是普通的，自己自制的面膜。

Okay, so we don't really know about the efficacy when we take into consideration the medical masks, which are now mandatory in many places or FFP mask?

好吧，如果考慮到現在很多地方都強制使用的醫用口罩或者FFP口罩，我們真的不知道功效如何？

I mean, there are other studies that study in detail Which type of mask is for effective.

我的意思是，還有其他的研究，詳細研究哪種類型的面膜是為有效。

And we know, of course, that, uh, lost masks are not the best one.

我們當然知道，呃，丟失的面具不是最好的一個。

So f f p to mask as an example, they have a much better filtering system.

所以以f f p來掩飾為例，他們有更好的過濾系統。

Okay, but apart from the model or the material off a face mask, what other factors play a role in in making wearing a mask?

好吧，但除了模特或面膜的材質外，還有哪些因素在讓戴面膜時起到作用呢？

I believe your study also points to different regions.

我相信你的研究也指向不同的區域。

I'm not so sure, but But what definitely matters is how good a mask fits.

我也不太清楚，但是但絕對重要的是面膜的貼合度。

So if a za manu where Ah, beard, then Of course, there's a lot off airflow at the edge of the mask, and this can be a problem.

所以，如果一個za manu哪裡啊，鬍子，那麼當然，有很多關閉氣流在面具的邊緣，這可能是一個問題。

And in any case, with any mask, it depends on the environment.

而在任何情況下，任何面具，都要看環境。

If you are in a, uh, contaminated, uh, if you inhale contaminated ambient air, then you can get infected anyway.

如果你是在一個，呃，汙染， 呃，如果你吸入汙染的環境空氣， 那麼你可以得到感染反正。

I mean, droplets and very small droplets.

我的意思是，水滴和非常小的水滴。

I just had to smile because you mentioned beards.

我只是不得不笑，因為你提到了鬍子。

And I know a few colleagues here, including our science correspondent, who will find it difficult to part with the beard.

而我知道在座的幾位同事，包括我們的科學記者，都會覺得難以割捨鬍子。

The average in your study says it's that around 45 47% that's a good start.

你們研究的平均數說是45 47%左右，這是一個好的開始。

But it means that we also need different measures to win this fight.

但這意味著，我們還需要採取不同的措施來贏得這場戰鬥。

Are all the rules that we need in place from your point of view?

從你的角度來看，我們需要的規則都有了嗎？

Mask are not the only measure we should employ.

面膜不是我們應該採用的唯一措施。

But if I should say something about rules, I mean, rules are one thing, but compliance to rules.

但如果要我說規則的話，我的意思是，規則是一回事，但遵守規則。

When we look, for example, at the sudden increase off infections before Christmas, then we This cannot be related to rules because the rules didn't change at that time.

當我們看，例如，在聖誕節前的突然增加關閉感染，那麼我們這不可能與規則有關，因為當時的規則並沒有改變。

But we know from ability data that around Christmas, which can be understood but nevertheless, around Christmas, mobility increased a lot, so the question is, how much compliance is there, Thio rules in the private environment.

但我們從能力數據中知道，聖誕節前後，這可以理解，但儘管如此，聖誕節前後，流動性增加了很多，所以問題是，在私人環境中，Thio規則的合規性有多大。

And then another issue is, for example, the masks at workplace.

再比如，另一個問題是，工作場所的口罩。

I recently went to a small enterprise for mechanical repairs.

最近我去一家小企業做機械維修。

我的意思是，所以在工作場所的面具。

They would all That would be a good measure as well.

他們都會 這也是一個很好的措施。

And you just mentioned statistics with looking at mobility before Christmas.

而你剛才提到的統計與看聖誕節前的流動性。

I mean, we've we've been flooded with statistics on daily infection numbers.

我的意思是，我們... ...我們已經被淹沒在每天的感染人數統計中了。

More recently, sadly, we also get the daily death numbers.

最近，可悲的是，我們還得到了每天的死亡數字。

But how helpful are those statistics when it comes to assessing the situation?

但是，在評估形勢時，這些統計數據有多大幫助呢？

The daily reported infection numbers we hear every day they have serious statistical problems.

我們每天聽到的日常報告感染數字他們有嚴重的統計問題。

One example is we test when people go to a doctor and have symptoms, and then we test the individuals who had contact with the person who is infected or we test individuals that return from holidays.

一個例子是，當人們去看醫生，有症狀的時候，我們就會檢測，然後我們會檢測與感染者有過接觸的個體，或者我們檢測假期回來的個體。

The statistical problem resulting from this is when the relative importance off how many tests you undertake because of symptoms or because of travelers or because of other reasons.

由此產生的統計問題是，當相對重要性關你進行多少測試，因為症狀或因為旅行者或因為其他原因。

When this relative share changes, then the reported number of infections are not comparable over time.

當這一相對份額髮生變化時，那麼報告的感染人數就無法隨時間的推移而進行比較。

Um, there are, of course, other statistics which are less biased when we think about the number of individuals in intensive care units.

嗯，當然，還有其他的統計數字，當我們考慮到重症監護室的人數時，這些統計數字就不會有太大的偏差。

I mean, this is definitely very unbiased.

我的意思是，這絕對是非常不偏不倚的。

And then, as you said, the number of deaths you don't want to hear this, but this is also unbiased measure, but unfortunately, these measures are delayed.

然後，正如你所說的，死亡人數你不想聽到這個，但這也是不偏不倚的措施，但不幸的是，這些措施被延遲了。

No, I mean, this is not, uh, instantaneous.

不，我的意思是，這不是，呃，即時的。

So what we should do is we should not just test individuals.

所以，我們應該做的是，我們不應該只考核個人。

I mean, testing is extremely important test as much as possible.

我的意思是，測試是極其重要的測試儘可能多。

But we should also report why individuals were tested.

但是，我們也應該報告個人被檢測的原因。

And if we knew, for example, all the positive tests off individuals that were tested because they had symptoms, then we should.

如果我們知道，例如，所有的陽性測試 關閉個人的測試，因為他們有症狀， 那麼我們應該。

Then we would count covert 19 cases, so cases off the disease and this would be an unbiased measure off the severity off the pandemic.

然後，我們將計算隱蔽的19個病例，所以病例的疾病，這將是一個公正的措施的嚴重性關閉流行病。

Okay, so there is definitely some homework to be done.

好吧，所以肯定要做一些功課。

Certainly when it comes to effective testing.

Uh, well, when the pandemic is over, Simple answer.

呃，好吧，當疫情結束後，簡單的答案。

Okay, if if if I had to give a rule, um, wait for the number of patients in intensive care units to fall to a level that we had in spring 2020 then we can be more relaxed.

好吧，如果如果如果我必須給一個規則，嗯，等待重症監護室的病人數量下降到2020年春季的水準，那麼我們可以更放鬆。

所以我們需要使用不偏不倚的措施。

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德國研究發現，口罩能顯著降低新的感染率｜COVID-19特別報道。 (Face masks reduce new infections significantly, German study finds | COVID-19 Special)

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