who played Captain Kirk on the original Star Trek series,

他在原《星際迷航》系列中扮演柯克船長。

to kiss 5000 people

親吻5000人

at a Star Trek convention.

在一個《星際迷航》會議上。

(Laughter)

(笑聲)

Now back then, Star Trek was probably

現在，在當時，《星際迷航》可能是

the most important thing in my life.

是我生命中最重要的事情。

And like a lot of psychologists and sociologists at the time,

而且像當時很多心理學家和社會學家一樣。

who were trying to understand the Star Trek phenomenon,

試圖理解 "星際迷航 "現象的人。

I wanted to understand it too.

我也想了解它。

I wanted to understand why this show

我想了解為什麼這個節目

and why these characters were so profoundly important to me

以及為什麼這些人物對我如此深刻地重要

that I would be willing to publicly humiliate myself as a 15 year old.

我願意作為一個15歲的孩子公開羞辱自己。

Well, I've given it a lot of thought and I've come to the conclusion

好吧，我已經考慮了很久，我得出了結論

that the reason why Star Trek has so many millions of fans

這就是為什麼《星際迷航》有那麼多的粉絲的原因

is because of the future that it depicts.

是由於它所描繪的未來。

A future in which we've solved our earthly problems.

一個我們已經解決了塵世問題的未來。

Our nations are at peace,

我們的國家是和平的。

our planet is alive and thriving,

我們的星球是有生命力的，並且在蓬勃發展。

we're no longer myopic, and mean spirited,

我們不再是近視眼，也不再是刻薄的人。

we're part of the United Federation of Planets, -

我們是行星聯盟的一部分，----。

(Laughter)

(笑聲)

and we're actually explorers without being conquerors.

而我們實際上是探險家，而不是征服者。

That vision has actually kept me going

這個願景實際上讓我一直在堅持

when I felt my most despondent about the state of the world,

當我對世界的狀況感到最絕望的時候。

which is easy to do, in the face of global warming,

這很容易做到，在全球變暖的情況下。

and escalating world wide slavery,

和世界範圍內不斷升級的奴隸制。

and alarming rates of species extinction,

和令人震驚的物種滅絕率。

and war, and poverty, and genocide,

和戰爭，貧窮，和種族滅絕。

and institutionalized forms of oppression and cruelty

和制度化的壓迫和殘酷形式

towards both people and animals in a host of industries.

在許多行業中，對人和動物都是如此。

It is very hard to imagine that we can actually create that Star Trek future.

很難想象我們真的可以創造出那個 "星際迷航 "的未來。

It seems so "pie in the sky".

這似乎是天上掉餡餅的事。

And yet, I've spent my whole adult life working toward that future.

然而，我的整個成年生活都在為這個未來而努力。

And I've discovered the solution,

而我已經發現瞭解決方案。

and I'm going to share it with you today.

而我今天要與你們分享它。

There's actually just one system that we just need to tweak a little bit,

實際上只有一個系統，我們只需要稍微調整一下。

and if we do that, we can solve every problem in the world.

如果我們這樣做，我們可以解決世界上的所有問題。

And that key system is schooling.

而這個關鍵系統就是學校教育。

Now, there's a deafening silence in the room.

現在，房間裡出現了震耳欲聾的寂靜。

(Laughter)

(笑聲)

Because I realize that the word schooling is probably

因為我意識到，學校教育這個詞可能是

the most uninspiring word in the English language.

是英語中最不令人振奮的詞。

But that's because we have a very small perception

但這是因為我們有一個非常小的認知。

of what schooling can be.

學校教育可以是什麼。

If we ask people, "What's the purpose of schooling?",

如果我們問人們，"上學的目的是什麼？"。

most of them are going to say something like this,

他們中的大多數人將會說這樣的話。

"Well, it's to provide the basics of verbal, mathematical and scientific literacy,

嗯，這是為了提供基本的語言、數學和科學素養。

so that our graduates can find jobs and compete in the global economy."

以便我們的畢業生能夠找到工作並在全球經濟中競爭。

So let's do a thought experiment.

是以，讓我們做一個思想實驗。

Let's imagine that every child graduates from high school,

讓我們想象一下，每個孩子都從高中畢業。

and does so, having passed their "No Child Left Behind" test with flying colors.

並這樣做了，以優異的成績通過了他們的"不讓一個孩子掉隊" 測試。

And let's imagine further that every single one of them

讓我們進一步想象，他們中的每一個人

is able to find a decent job, paying a livable wage,

是能夠找到一份體面的工作，支付可維持的工資。

or go to college and find such a job,

或者上大學並找到這樣的工作。

or go to college and graduate school and find such a job,

或者去大學和研究生院，找到這樣的工作。

so that we have 100% employment.

這樣，我們就有了100%的就業。

Would we think that we have been successful in our goals for schooling?

我們是否會認為我們在學校教育的目標上取得了成功？

I think that most of us would say, "Yes".

我想我們大多數人都會說："是的"。

The problem is that many of those graduates,

問題是，這些畢業生中有許多人。

would go on to perpetuate and perhaps even exacerbate

將繼續延續，甚至可能加劇

some of those problems that I just mentioned earlier.

我剛才提到的那些問題中的一部分。

The problem is that that purpose is too small,

問題是，這個目的太小了。

and it's outmoded for today's world.

而且對於今天的世界來說，它已經過時了。

We need a bigger vision for the purpose of schooling.

我們需要對學校教育的目的有一個更大的願景。

And I believe that it should be this:

而我相信應該是這樣。

that we provide every student with the knowledge,

我們為每個學生提供知識。

the tools and the motivation to be

的工具和動力，以成為

conscientious choice makers and engaged change-makers

自覺的選擇者和參與的變革者

for a restored and healthy and humane world for all.

爭取為所有人建立一個恢復、健康和人道的世界。

Or another way of putting it, I believe that we need to graduate

或者換一種說法，我認為我們需要畢業

a generation of solutionaries.

一代人的解決方案。

(Applause)

(鼓掌)

Now, some people have asked, "Well, is this good for kids?

現在，有些人問，"嗯，這對孩子有好處嗎？

And is it really fair to them, to burden them with the responsibility

讓他們擔負起責任，這對他們真的公平嗎？

to fix all the problems that generations before them have created?"

來解決他們之前幾代人所造成的所有問題。

Well, to answer those questions, I want to tell you

那麼，為了回答這些問題，我想告訴你

some stories about my experience as a humane educator,

一些關於我作為人道教育者的經驗的故事。

somebody who teaches about the interconnected issues of human rights,

有人講授有關人權的相互關聯的問題。

and environmental preservation,

和環境保護。

and animal protection.

和動物保護。

I became a humane educator back in 1987

我早在1987年就成為了一名人道教育者

when I was looking for a summer job.

當我在尋找一份暑期工作的時候。

And I found this program that was offering week-long courses

我發現這個項目正在提供為期一週的課程

to middle school students in Philadelphia.

向費城的中學生提供。

So that's were I taught my first humane education courses.

是以，我在那裡教授了我的第一個人道教育課程。

And I watch in amazement as these kids were transformed

我驚奇地看著這些孩子被改造

over the course of a week.

在一個星期的時間裡。

In one case, over-night.

在一個案例中，是一夜之間。

I taught about product testing on animals one day,

有一天，我講授了在動物身上進行產品測試的知識。

and I talked about how soaps and lotions and oven cleaners

我談到了肥皂、乳液和烤箱清潔劑的作用。

are squeezed into the eyes of conscious rabbits,

被擠到有意識的兔子的眼睛裡。

and forced fed them in quantities that kill.

並強行給他們餵食，其數量之多令人震驚。

And a boy from the class went home that night

而班上的一個男孩當晚就回家了

and he made his own homemade leaflets about product testing.

他還自制了關於產品測試的傳單。

Well, he came into class the next morning

好吧，他第二天早上來到教室

and he show them to me and he asked if he can hand them out.

他給我看了這些東西，並問我他是否可以把這些東西分發出去。

I said, sure, I thought he wanted to hand them out to his fellow classmates.

我說，當然，我以為他想把它們分給他的同學。

He wanted to hand them out on the street.

他想在街上分發這些東西。

So while the rest of us were having lunch,

所以當我們其他人在吃午飯的時候。

he was on the Philadelphia street corner

他在費城的街角

handing out his leaflets.

發放他的傳單。

He'd become an activist over-night.

他在一夜之間成為一名積極分子。

Actually, several of the kids in that class, became activists.

實際上，那個班的幾個孩子，都成了活動家。

Two of them formed a Philadelphia area wide student group

他們中的兩個人組成了一個全費城地區的學生團體

that went on to win awards for their great work.

他們的偉大工作獲得了獎項。

Well, that was the summer I realized

嗯，那是我意識到的一個夏天

that I'd found my life's work as a humane educator,

我找到了我一生的工作，成為一名人道教育者。

and I went on to form a humane education program

而我則繼續組建了一個人道教育項目

where I brought presentations and courses into schools.

在那裡我把演講和課程帶入學校。

And there was one school, a public high school,

而有一所學校，是一所公立高中。

where I did an after-school course.

我在那裡做了一個課後課程。

And there was a boy in the class named Mike.

而班上有一個叫邁克的男孩。

He was a senior. He always sat near the front.

他是一位資深人士。 他總是坐在靠近前面的位置。

He was really smart. He always played devil's advocate,

他真的很聰明。他總是扮演魔鬼的代言人。

which I loved because I want my students

我很喜歡這一點，因為我希望我的學生

to be critical thinkers about all else.

要成為對其他一切都有批判性思維的人。

In fact, I often begin presentations

事實上，我經常在演講開始時

by telling students, "Don't believe a word I say."

他告訴學生："不要相信我說的任何話。

Well, I still worried about Mike.

好吧，我還是擔心邁克。

I worried whether or not I was really reaching him.

我擔心我是否真的能接觸到他。

Because he never had an emotional response

因為他從來沒有情感上的反應

to any of the issues that we were discussing,

對我們正在討論的任何問題。

and there were some pretty intense issues.

並且有一些相當激烈的問題。

Well, on the last day of class I decided to do

好吧，在上課的最後一天，我決定做

a rather unconventional activity

一個相當不尋常的活動

called the "council of all beings",

被稱為 "眾生的議會"。

where I invited the students to become

在那裡我邀請學生們成為

through their imaginations, another being,

通過他們的想象力，另一種存在。

whether a part of nature or another animal or another person,

無論是自然界的一部分還是另一種動物或另一個人。

and then just speak as this being,

然後就以這個人的身份說話。

and talk about what's happening to them,

並談論發生在他們身上的事情。

and talk about what they want to change,

並談及他們想要改變的東西。

and share their wisdom.

並分享他們的智慧。

So I was really worried.

所以我真的很擔心。

How is Mike is going to react to this kind of touchy-feely activity?

邁克會對這種感性的活動有什麼反應？

But my fears were totally unfounded.

但我的擔心是完全沒有根據的。

Mike had become the ocean.

邁克已經成為海洋。

And when he spoke, poetry just poured out of his mouth.

當他說話時，詩歌就從他的嘴裡傾瀉而出。

I was stunned.

我被驚呆了。

When the activity was over, that was the end of the course.

當活動結束後，這就是課程的結束。

We were saying our goodbyes and Mike said,

我們正在道別，邁克說。

"Thank you, Zoe. When I look back at high school,

"謝謝你，佐伊。當我回顧高中的時候。

this is what I'm gonna remember."

這是我要記住的東西。

So yes, I believe this form of education is good for kids.

是以，是的，我相信這種教育形式對孩子有好處。

Is it fair to them?

這對他們公平嗎？

Well, to answer that question I want to tell you another story.

好吧，為了回答這個問題，我想給你講另一個故事。

A couple of years ago, I was asked to be the speaker

幾年前，我被邀請擔任演講者

at the National Honor Society Induction at a local high school.

在當地一所高中的國家榮譽學會就職典禮上。

And I did an activity with the audience called "true price",

我還和觀眾做了一個活動，叫做"真實的價格"。

in which we look at an everyday object

在這個過程中，我們看到了一個日常物品

like bottled water or a fast food cheese burger,

像瓶裝水或快餐店的奶酪漢堡。

and ask what is the true price of this item

並詢問這個項目的真實價格是多少

on ourselves as individuals,

在我們自己身上，作為個人。

on other people, on other species, and on the environment?

對其他人、其他物種和環境的影響？

Well, that particular day I did "true price" with a T-shirt.

好吧，那一天我用一件T恤做了"真實價格"。

And I'm gonna do a little bit of this activity with you.

而我要和你一起做一點這樣的活動。

So, what are the effects both positive or negative

那麼，積極或消極的影響是什麼呢？

of this item on me as a consumer, on other people,

這個項目對我這個消費者，對其他人的影響。

on animals and on the environment?

對動物和環境的影響？

Well, questions like those could be somebody's dissertation.

嗯，像這樣的問題可以成為某人的論文。

So to answer them today I'm just going to scratch the surface.

是以，今天要回答這些問題，我只是要從表面上看。

Well, the first thing I need to do to answer those questions

那麼，為了回答這些問題，我需要做的第一件事是

is look to the item itself.

是對項目本身的看法。

So I'm gonna look at the label and see what it has to tell me.

是以，我打算看一下標籤，看看它能告訴我什麼。

Well, I found out when I looked at this label that is a 100% cotton.

好吧，我在看這個標籤時發現，這是一個100%的棉花。

It's made in China.

它是在中國製造的。

And I learned how to launder it.

我還學會了如何洗滌它。

I also learned that it's dry cleanable,

我還了解到，它是可以乾洗的。

in case I would like to spend 6 dollars to clean my T-shirt.

以防我想花6美元來清洗我的T恤衫。

So, that doesn't tell me very much, I'm gonna have to dig a little bit deeper.

是以，這並沒有告訴我很多，我必須再深入挖掘一下。

And if I do some research into cotton and cotton T-shirts,

而如果我對棉花和棉質T恤做一些研究。

I'm gonna find out that cotton is a crop

我將會發現棉花是一種農作物

that is heavily sprayed with pesticides,

大量噴灑殺蟲劑的地方。

many of which are toxic and we know they're toxic

其中許多是有毒的，我們知道它們是有毒的。

because of the incredibly cruel tests

因為那些令人難以置信的殘酷的測試

that were done on animals to test them.

這是在動物身上進行的測試。

We also discover that many of those pesticides

我們還發現，其中許多殺蟲劑

end up polluting our soil and our waterways.

最終汙染了我們的土壤和水路。

Now, if I find out a little bit more about cotton

現在，如果我發現了更多關於棉花的情況

I will come across some information

我將遇到一些資訊

that it's estimated that a third of cotton is produced in Uzbekistan

據估計，有三分之一的棉花是在烏茲別克斯坦生產的。

where by another estimate,

其中通過另一個估計。

there are 1 million children working in those fields as slaves.

有100萬兒童作為奴隸在這些領域工作。

Now that cotton, after it's grown,

現在的棉花，在它長大之後。

has to be turned into cloth and then it has to be dyed

必須把它變成布，然後再進行染色。

'cause it didn't get to be this red color out of the ground.

因為它沒有從地裡出來就變成這種紅色。

So if I do some research on the dye

是以，如果我做一些關於染料的研究

I discover that many of those dyes are also toxic

我發現這些染料中的許多也是有毒的

and also wind up in our water stream

也會在我們的水流中蜿蜒流過

because about 30% of the dye doesn't adhere to the cotton,

因為約有30%的染料沒有粘附在棉花上。

and it winds up in the water.

並最終落入水中。

Then, of course the cloth has to go somewhere to be turned into a T-shirt.

然後，這塊布當然要去某個地方變成一件T恤衫。

We know that it went to China,

我們知道，它去了中國。

so if we did a little research

是以，如果我們做一點研究

on Chinese garment factories

關於中國服裝廠

we would discover that many of them

我們會發現，他們中的許多人

are essentially sweatshops,

基本上都是血汗工廠。

where people are working exceedingly long hours

人們工作時間過長的地方

under terrible working conditions.

在可怕的工作條件下。

And then finally it's going to be transported using lots of fossil fuels

最後，它將使用大量的化石燃料進行運輸。

so that I can buy it.

這樣我就能買到它。

So, those are just some of the effects and some of the negative effects.

是以，這些只是一些影響和一些負面作用。

The positive ones are a little bit easier to see.

正面的就比較容易看到。

We know that even if there was slave labor involved in this

我們知道，即使這其中涉及到奴隸勞動

it certainly did contribute to a lot of people having jobs,

這當然有助於很多人有工作。

and it's produced in a way that's inexpensive,

而且它是以一種廉價的方式生產的。

so that I can get lots of these

這樣我就可以得到大量的這些

in all different colors and shapes and styles,

在所有不同的顏色、形狀和風格。

some of which might look cute on me

其中一些在我身上可能看起來很可愛

which might make me feel good about myself.

這可能會讓我對自己感覺良好。

So there are some positive effects.

是以，有一些積極的影響。

Now, we ask two other important questions in "true price".

現在，我們在"真實價格"中提出另外兩個重要問題。

We ask, "What alternatives would do

我們問，"什麼樣的替代方案可以做到

more good and less harm in this conventional product,

這種常規產品的好處更多，壞處更少。

and what are the systems that would need to be transformed

以及需要改造的系統有哪些？

in order to make those alternatives ubiquitous?"

以使這些替代品無處不在。

Well, after the talk was over, a colleague of mine

好了，講座結束後，我的一位同事

asked one of the inductees

問其中一位入選者

what she thought of it?

她是怎麼想的？

And she said that it made her really angry because,

她說，這讓她非常生氣，因為。

this is a quote, "We should've been learning this since kindergarten".

這是一句話，"我們應該從幼兒園開始就學習這個"。

I agree. So in answer to the question,

我同意。是以，在回答這個問題時。

"Do I think that it's fair

我認為這很公平嗎？

to provide this form of education to our students?"

為我們的學生提供這種形式的教育。

I actually think it's unfair not to provide the knowledge and the skills

實際上，我認為不提供知識和技能是不公平的。

to our students, to our children