teach you just about anything.

讓各位可學到幾乎任何東西

This is the Boeing 747.

這是一架波音747

More than twice the size of any airliner before it, the 'jumbo jet' revolutionized air travel.

她比在她之前的問世的噴射客機都大上超過兩倍 "巨無霸客機“帶領了飛行的新革命

And it impressed more than just the flying public.

但她不只在公眾飛航使大家對他印象深刻。

Because as crazy as it sounds, in 1973, the U.S. Air Force considered turning airliners

因為她真的很瘋狂。 在1973年，美國空軍曾經考慮將其

into airborne aircraft carriers.

從載客飛機轉變為空中航空母艦。

These once classified documents detail how a 747 could be used to launch and recover

這些曾為機密文件詳述一架747如何在空中投射與回收噴射戰機。

fighter jets in mid-air.

在半空中的戰鬥機。

And how by the 1980s, airborne aircraft carriers stationed around the world would bring airpower

並計劃在1980年代將此空中航母投射到世界各駐地

to anywhere in just hours.

屆時將可把空中戰力在幾小時內部署在世界上任何地方

In 1968, Boeing unveiled the 747.

在1968年，波音揭露了747航機

Two and half times the size of any jetliner before it, the so-called 'jumbo jet' transformed

她已超過過往飛機兩倍半大的體積，被大眾稱呼為“巨無霸客機”

the way we fly.

我們的飛行方式。

And at least part of the plane's existence is thanks to this man; Juan Trippe, the President

而這架飛機的誕生得歸功於時任泛美航空的總裁“胡安·特里普”

of Pan American Airways, and a bit of a visionary.

與他的夢想。

Because Trippe foresaw how a plane this big could help decongest overcrowded airports

因為特里普洞見到這麼大一架的飛機可以解決機場過度壅擠的問題

and bring down the cost of flying opening up air travel to the middle class.

且可降低飛行所需的花費，讓中產階級變得可以負擔其價格

And when Trippe's airline put in the first order 747s, he boasted how the plane would

當特里普的航空公司訂下747的第一份訂單時，他以這架飛機可以成為

become “a great weapon for peace” because it would connect the world and bring people together.

”和平的有力武器“而自豪，因為它可以連結世界各地的人們

But it turns out, the Air Force had other ideas.

然而空軍卻有另外的想法。

The 747, along with the newly introduced Lockheed C-5 were a new kind of aircraft.

747，與新發布的洛克希德C-5同為當時新型態的飛行器。

With their enormous size, power, and range, these planes opened up some intriguing possibilities.

有著巨大的尺寸、動力、航程，這些飛機開拓了很多有趣的可能性

The Navy's seaborne carrier force could already move airpower across oceans.

海軍的海上航空母艦已經可以透過海洋移動空中戰力

But an airborne equivalent would have the ability to reach deep inland areas and be

空中航空母艦卻更可以把空中戰力投射到內陸地區

in any part of the world in just hours.

而且只需花費幾小時

And the idea for an airborne carrier force wasn't totally out of left field.

這樣的想法並非全然新穎

Because the Navy once had airborne aircraft carriers, two of them.

因為海軍不只曾有過空中航母，而且還有兩架。

When launched in the early 1930s, the airships USS Akron and USS Macon were the size of battleships.

這兩架在30年代早期“下水”的飛船--阿克隆號及梅肯號跟戰艦一樣大

Crewed by sixty men and protected by eight machine guns, the enormous airships were just

擁有60個組員與8挺機槍

5 meters short of being the largest objects to ever take to the skies.

如此巨大的飛船只比當時最大的飛行器短5公尺

But these were no ordinary airships.

不過這些都不是普通的飛船

Designed as long range scouts for the U.S. Navy, each had an internal hanger housing

它被設計來替美國海軍執行長距離偵查，有內部機庫最大可容5架飛機

up to five planes called parasite fighters, which extended the airship's scouting range,

被稱為寄生蟲戰機，可延長偵查距離

and could even help defended it.

甚至還能防禦飛船

A trapeze system below the carrier would deploy and recover the fighters while in flight.

一個在飛船底部的吊架系統可以在飛行時部署及回收戰機

The problem was, while the parasite fighters worked, the massive airships didn't.

問題是，寄生蟲飛機有效，巨大飛船無效

Both were destroyed in weather related accidents less than three years of their introduction.

這兩艘飛船都在發表後三年內因天氣因素墜毀

And that helped put an end to airships, but not the idea of flying aircraft carriers.

這使得飛船迎向終焉，不過空中航母的想法還沒被吹熄

Because a decade and a half later, the Air Force was again experimenting with the concept.

在約15年後，空軍又再一次實驗了這個想法

For the first time ever, intercontinental bombers could fly halfway around the world,

儘管洲際轟炸機是有史以來可以飛越半個地球的航空器

but their fighter escorts couldn't.

但是護航機還是沒辦法

One promising solution was to have bombers carry their escorts along for the ride.

一個有可能的方案是使轟炸機在航程中帶著自己的護航機

But sticking a full sized fighter jet underneath a bomber would limit its range due to extra drag.

但癥結點在於，一架全尺寸的噴射戰鬥機若掛在轟炸機下會因為額外風阻而縮短航程

So the new escort fighter would have to be small enough to fit entirely inside the bomb bay.

所以新的護航機必須小到足以塞進炸彈艙

And so this what they came up with, the world's tiniest fighter jet.

而這就迎來了世界上最迷你的噴射戰鬥機

The Air Force planned to have B-36 bombers carry anywhere from one to four these small

空軍計畫讓B-36轟炸機依照任務目標

jets, depending on the mission.

帶著一至四架這樣的小噴射機

This time the carrier worked, but the fighter jets didn't.

這次則是空中航母有效，戰鬥機無效

The tiny egg-shaped jets were so sensitive to turbulence while docking, test pilots only

這些迷你的蛋型噴射機在對接時對於亂流太過敏感

ever managed to do it three times.

試飛員竭盡全力才成功三次

It proved far too dangerous.

這被證明太過危險

But the efforts continued into the 1950s, including experimenting with a way to dock

不過這樣的努力仍然持續到了50年代，做了一個實驗

full size fighters to bombers by linking their wing-tips.

透過連接兩機翼端來使全尺寸戰機與轟炸機對接

The idea was to not only extend the range of the fighter jets, but the bombers as well,

這個做法不僅延長了戰機的航程，在轟炸機上也有相同的效果

by effectively giving them a large glider-like wings.

透過類滑翔翼的翼型來達成

But docking using this system proved even more difficult and dangerous.

不過使用此系統來對接已經被證明更加困難與危險

Really the only successful implementation of the idea was to carry a single reconnaissance

這種想法實在是只有一種解方，只能透過在B-36機腹半藏在機身外的吊架

or nuclear strike fighter half tucked under a B-36, and just accept the extra drag.

掛著一架偵察機或核打擊戰機，且也只能接受額外風阻

And by the mid-1950s, it was clear that newly perfected aerial refueling was a far safer

而到了50年代中期發現到，一個完善的空中加油作業流程

and more sensible way to extend aircraft range.

是更加安全且更明智的方案來延長航程

But the air force took yet another look in in 1973 because the landscape had changed entirely.

然而1973年，空軍仍然在尋找別的方法，因為航空生態已經全然改變

The newly introduced 747 and C-5 were large and powerful enough to not only deploy and

新發布的747和C-5夠大夠有力，不只能在半空中部署與回收護航機

recover fighter escorts mid-air...but also refuel and rearm in mid-flight.

還可以在航程中整補護航機

So the Air Force commissioned Boeing to study the concept.

因此空軍委託波音來研究這個概念可行性

And not surprisingly, Boeing focused on using a 747, citing superior range and cruising speed.

而不意外的，波音運用747的超長航程和巡航速度使空軍將目光聚在747身上

And it would have worked something like this.

而他會運作得像這個樣子

Housed inside the 747's pressurized hold would be 10 unique fighter jets called micro-fighters.

在747的加壓艙內會擺放10架獨特的戰機稱為“微戰機”

With each fighter suspended from an overhead conveyor system, they could be positioned

每架戰機可透過頭上的輸送帶系統

over one of two launch bays.

將戰機吊至發射平台上

To launch a fighter, a set of arms would lower it into a bay, which would then be sealed

為了發射戰機，一組機械手臂會把戰機降到發射平台上

and depressurized.

接著會將平台的門密封且將平台減壓

The jet would then be lowered, and away it would go.

然後戰機會再繼續下降，此時即可將其投射出去

By Boeing's estimates, it would take as little as eighty seconds to deploy two micro-fighters.

由波音的預估，它將花費最短80秒來投放兩架微戰機

To recover a fighter, it would first dock with a refueling boom, and if it needed rearming,

而在戰機的回收，首先將油管對接，若其需要重新掛彈

the jet would be brought back inside.

那麼可再將戰機在拖回發射平台

The carrier crew could turn around a micro-fighter for new mission in as little as ten minutes.

若任務需要，航母的組員可以在僅10分鐘的時間轉換為微戰機的駕駛

Also crammed into the 747 would be fuel, armament and spare parts and a crew of 44.

而747內還可再塞入油料、武器、備用零件及44名組員

12 carrier crew, 14 squadron pilots, and another 18 mission specialists.

包含12名航母組員，14名中隊飛行員及其他18名任務技術員

On top of that, the 747 would also be fitted with sleeping quarters and a crew lounge.

在747上層，也有臥室與組員休息區

That seems like a lot to jam inside one 747, but the viability of the concept hinged not

雖然這樣看來是得將很多東西擠進一架747內

so much on the carrier, but the fighters, which would have to be miniaturized to fit

然而麻煩的不是747航母本身

inside a carrier aircraft.

而是必須將艦載機縮小化才能剛好放進空中航母

With a wingspan just over 5 meters and about 1/3rd the weight of a conventional fighter.

翼展僅五公尺，全機重量僅傳統戰機的三分之一

The micro-fighters would be armed with a pair of 20mm cannons, and could be fitted with

這樣的微型戰機將裝備一對20毫米機砲及

air-to-air missiles or bombs.

空對空飛彈或對地炸彈

Boeing was confident these little guys could stand toe to toe with something like a MiG-21.

波音對這些小傢伙有著可和米格21等戰機對戰的自信

Airborne carriers could operate out of anywhere with a big enough airfield and function as

空中航母可在任何擁有足夠大機場之地區運作

a battle group with supporting aerial refuelers and radar pickets, giving the Air Force the

有著空中加油機與空中哨戒機之支援，可形成一空中航母戰鬥群

ability to be anywhere in the world, within hours, when a typical seaborne carrier force

讓空軍有能力可以在幾小時內將戰力投射至世界上任何地方

would need days or weeks.

而傳統的海上航母戰鬥群則需要幾天甚至幾週的時間

Of course, 747 aircraft carriers were never built and you'd need a lot more than a sixty

當然，747航母從來沒被造出來

page study to get something like this to work.

大家也不需要再念個超過60頁的書來了解這怎麼運作

And while Boeing's engineers were confident that with further development airborne aircraft

雖然波音的工程師們有信心在1980年代末期透過進一步研發

carriers could enter service by late 1980s, the Air Force didn't pursue the idea.

可以將空中航母投入服務，但空軍已不再追求這個技術

With air combat evolving so dramatically throughout the 1960s and 1970s, developing a 747 carrier

空戰在1960及1970年代有著戲劇性的變化

with special micro-fighters would likely prove to be a dead end.

發展747航母及微戰機就是死路一條

Because light-weight micro-fighters might have made sense in the 1970s.

因為輕量微戰機可能只在1970年代才有搞頭

By the late 1980s, they would have been hopelessly out classes against fourth generation fighters.

到了1980年代末，那些微戰機無望與第四代戰機對戰

But the Air Force isn't done with the concept.

不過空軍對這個想法還沒放棄

Over the next couple few years, the Department of Defence will unveil a new carrier system.

在接下來的幾年，國防部將會發表新的裝載系統

But this time, they'll deploy unmanned drones, which in comparison, doesn't quite stir the imagination.

不過這次，他們則會投射無人機 相比以前，不將再是空想

3D modelling is a great way to communicate ideas.

3D建模是一個拿來交流構想的很好的方法

But sometimes, a simple graphic.can be just as effective.

不過有時候，不論你是在試著解釋某樣東西、推銷理念，或單純好玩時

Whether you're trying to explain something, market your idea, or just have fun.

簡單的圖案就很有用

And everything you need to know, from the basics of drawing, to mastering graphics software,

而所有你需要的知識，從繪畫的基礎到成為繪圖軟體大師

is all at SkillShare

通通都在SkillShare

An online community for creators, freelancers...or anyone who just wants to develop new skills.

它是一個為創作家、自由工作者或任何想學新技術的人所創建的網路社群

A foundational tool for your creative toolbox is vector drawing software.

向量繪圖軟體就是為各位打造的基礎工具

I use Adobe Illustrator…which is the the basis for all my still and motion graphics.

我正在使用Adobe Illustrator，它是我繪製靜態與動態圖像的基本軟體

A class that caught my eye was Dylan Mierzwinksi's introduction to using the shape builder tool.

引起我注意的一個是Dylan Mierzwinski的 使用建模工具的課程。

In just under half an hour, you'll, have all you need to create goofy characters or

在不到半個小時的時間裡，你就可以擁有 所有你所需要的知識

anything else you want.

用來創造呆呆角色或你想要的任何東西。

Quick, easy and fun, just another great SkillShare course.

快速、簡單和有趣，就在其他優質的SkillShare課程。

With over 23 thousand classes at your fingertips, covering just about anything, SkillShare is

超過2.3萬堂的課程觸手可及， 幾乎涵蓋所有東西，SkillShare是

an incredible resource to have.

一個令人感到驚奇的線上資源。

And a premium subscription to SkillShare, is less than $10 a month.

SkillShare的高級訂閱， 每月不到10美元。

But if you're one of the first 500 people to signup using the link in the description

但如果你是前500人之一 使用下面說明中的連結進行註冊

below, you get 2 months for absolutely free.

你完全免費獲得2個月的會員資格。