Name: 為什麼視覺特效師喜歡這個閃亮的球 (Why visual effects artists love this shiny ball)
Uploaded: 2021-01-22T18:05:26.000Z
Duration: 8 min 9 s

This box — right here — it holds one of the unsung heroes of Hollywood production,

這個盒子--就在這裡--它裝著好萊塢生產的無名英雄之一。

情態副詞

the tool that makes War Machine suit look like it's actually there. It's a method that

的工具，讓戰爭機器服看起來像是真的存在。這是一種方法

started with a teapot and became ubiquitous. It's an essential part of a VFX film set,

從一個茶壺開始，變得無處不在。它是VFX電影場景中必不可少的一部分。

but it's not a camera or a green screen. You have to search hard to see it in behind the

但它不是一個攝像頭或綠屏。你必須努力搜索才能看到它在後面。

scenes videos. But this is not just a gazing ball that I bought for twenty dollars and

場景視頻。但這並不是我花了二十塊錢買來的凝視球，而且

ninety nine cents. It's a key to making virtual objects look real.

九十九美分。這是一個讓虛擬物體看起來真實的關鍵。

In this scene, I was behind one of the pillars. My name's Leo Bovell, I'm a VFX supervisor

在這個場景中，我在其中一個柱子後面。我的名字叫Leo Bovell，我是一名VFX監督。

at Triptyc, been in the industry now for over 17, 17 years. So I've been at it quite a while.

在Triptyc，一直在這個行業 現在超過17，17年。所以，我已經在它相當長的時間。

In this scene, basically, Abraham, the statue and everything, we basically had to replace

在這個場景中，基本上，亞伯拉罕，雕像和所有的東西，我們基本上不得不更換。

Obviously. Cut for them is like action for you in this situation. And you're like, I

很明顯在這種情況下，對他們來說，切就像是對你的行動。和你一樣，我

have to scramble to get as many references as possible. Right between takes I get in

必須爭分奪秒地獲取儘可能多的參考資料。就在兩次拍攝之間，我進入了

and I do as much as I can and then I get out of there. There are times where you can't

我儘可能多地做，然後我離開那裡。有的時候，你不能

get in between takes because the creatives, they're in such a groove, they just got to

因為創意人員，他們在這樣的槽，他們只是得到了，以獲得之間的需要

One of the big problems VFX artists face in The Handmaid's Tale, Marvel movies, everything

婢女的故事》中，VFX藝術家面臨的一個大問題，漫威電影，一切的一切

is matching fake stuff to real light. And Leo scrambled in the real Lincoln Memorial

是把假的東西和真的光相匹配。而李奧則在林肯紀念堂的真光中爭搶

during the shoot because that information was crucial to create a realistic looking

因為這些資訊對創造一個逼真的外觀至關重要。

Lincoln Memorial from scratch. As you can see in this BTS from Mavericks VFX. He used

林肯紀念堂從頭開始。正如你在Mavericks VFX的這個BTS中所看到的那樣。他用的是

an HDRI to figure out how to make it look so real.

一個HDRI，以找出如何使它看起來如此真實。

A high dynamic range image. You might have an HDR option on your phone. It helps photos

高動態範圍的影像。你的手機上可能有HDR選項。它可以幫助照片

to look less blown out in really bright spots. An HDRI captures data in a high dynamic range.

在真正明亮的地方看起來不那麼模糊。HDRI以高動態範圍捕捉數據。

You can't see anything, any detail or data near the sun or any trees in the shadows.

你看不到任何東西，任何細節或數據，靠近太陽或陰影中的任何樹木。

Using high dynamic range fixes that by meshing different exposures, different pictures of

使用高動態範圍固定，通過網格化的不同曝光，不同的圖片的。

a scene to let you see all the detail. Shadowy mush turns into visible trees and the sun

一個場景，讓你看到所有的細節。陰暗的泥漿變成了可見的樹木和太陽。

becomes clear again. Computer software can take that HDRI and use all that data to figure

又變得清晰起來。計算機軟件可以把這個HDRI和使用所有的數據來計算。

out how light works in a scene. Make that a 360 degree panorama and you have enough

場景中的光線如何工作。讓它成為一個360度的全景，你有足夠的

data to simulate the light in a mini world. Now you can add an object to that world and

數據來模擬一個迷你世界中的光線。現在，你可以在這個世界中添加一個對象，並在其中添加

it will look like the real light is hitting it with all the right highlights, shadows,

它會看起來像真實的光線打在它的所有正確的高光，陰影。

and reflections. HDRI is either use to light the object or is a reference for VFX artists

和反射。HDRI是用來照亮物體或作為VFX藝術家的參考。

when they light it on their own, using manually added lights, making a bunch of tweaks and

當他們自己點亮時，使用手動添加的燈光，做了一堆調整和

adjustments. How does that HDR help you when you're actually off of this crazy shoot day

調整。當你真正離開這個瘋狂的拍攝日，那HDR對你有什麼幫助呢？

If we've captured the light on that day and then we take that light, we put it into the

如果我們拍到了當天的光線，然後我們把這些光線，放到了

computer, we get immediate feedback without trying to guess. The HDR really helps at the

電腦，我們可以得到即時的反饋，而不用去猜測。HDR真的能幫助我們在

stage where we are realistically applying shaders and materials to emulate the marble.

在這個階段，我們真實地應用著色器和材料來模擬大理石。

Getting an accurate HDRI really quickly is what causes all that scrambling on shoot days.

真正快速獲得準確的HDRI，才是導致拍攝當天所有爭奪的原因。

The first HDRIs actually used stuff like this: gazing balls, Christmas ornaments, anything

第一批HDRIs實際上用的是這樣的東西：凝視球，聖誕飾品，任何東西。

that was round and shiny and could help them get a panorama. The idea is that the picture

是圓潤而有光澤的，可以幫助他們得到一個全景。這個想法是，圖片

of the gazing ball gets unwrapped into a 360 degree picture when you put it in the right

的凝視球被解開成360度的畫面，當你把它放在正確的。

software. I'm going to start taking some photos and that's going to help us capture all the

軟件。我要開始拍攝一些照片 這將幫助我們捕捉所有的。

light in the scene and get it in this panorama. This reflective ball is one of three main

場景中的光線，並在這張全景圖中得到它。這個反光球是三個主要的

ways that people do it. Sometimes people will rotate their camera or use a lens that's really

的方式，人們這樣做。有時，人們會旋轉他們的相機或使用鏡頭，這真的。

wide. VFX supervisors like Leo might also use a 360 degree camera to snag these images

廣。像Leo這樣的VFX主管，也可能會用360度的攝影機來抓拍這些畫面。

really quickly because they're in the middle of a hectic situation.

真的很快，因為他們在忙碌的情況下。

I use the Theta. It's a 360 camera and it's very small. So it's not intrusive. With the

我用的是Theta。這是一個360度的攝像頭，它是非常小的。所以，它不是侵入性的。有了這個

Theta, usually it's a couple of seconds if you're doing a chrome ball. So you have to

Theta，如果你做的是鉻球的話，一般都是幾秒鐘的時間。所以你必須

set up a tripod, you have to put the ball down. That's a couple of minutes. This is

設置一個三腳架， 你必須把球下來。這需要幾分鐘的時間。這是

where the Theta makes all the difference in the world because it's such a tiny device

在這裡，Theta是世界上所有的差異，因為它是一個如此微小的設備。

and you just plop it down and you get in and get out. When I'm just shooting bracketed

你只要把它放下，你就可以進去，然後出來。當我只是拍攝括號裡的

with the eight millimeter lens, probably a minute. Right between takes I get in and I

用八毫米鏡頭，大概一分鐘。就在兩次拍攝之間，我進入和我

do as much as I can and then I get out of there. HDR is so mainstream now that I can

儘可能多的做，然後我就離開那裡。HDR是如此的主流，現在我可以

plop it into editing software and make an HDR photo.

將其放入編輯軟件，製作一張HDR照片。

I took some video without the chrome ball in it, so I put my 3D image in there. You

我拍了一些沒有鉻球的視頻，所以我把我的3D影像放在裡面。你呢？

see, without the light, it looks fake. Add the HDRI though, and boom, suddenly it's like

看，沒有光，它看起來很假。添加HDRI，雖然，和繁榮，突然間，它就像。

it's there. Do you see the reflection of the trees or how the sun is glinting off of it?

它就在那裡你看到樹的倒影了嗎？ 或者說太陽是如何從樹上閃閃發光的？

Using a real environment to light a 3-D object started with work like this teapot. See the

使用真實的環境來點亮一個三維物體，從這個茶壺這樣的作品開始。請看

windows reflecting in it? In the 90s, researcher Paul Debevec and colleagues pioneered the

窗戶反射在裡面？上世紀90年代，研究者Paul Debevec和同事們率先提出了?

creation of HDRIs from multiple images and then using those to light 3D scenes. Without

從多個影像中創建HDRI，然後使用這些影像來照亮3D場景。如果沒有

them, back in the late 90s, it was a lot harder. As his paper says, currently available techniques

他們，早在90年代末，就已經難上加難了。正如他的論文所說，目前現有的技術

for realistically rendering synthetic objects into scenes are labor intensive and not always

場景中的合成物體的真實渲染，需要大量的人力，而且並不總是

successful. They had to position lights, copy reference photos and program in reflections.

成功。他們必須在反射中定位燈光、複製參考照片和程序。

People still have to do some of that. But you can also let HDRI light objects in your

大家還是要做一些的。但是你也可以讓HDRI點亮你的對象。

scene. Today, repositories of HDRIs let you download images and simulate thousands of

場景。今天，HDRIs的存儲庫讓你下載影像，並模擬成千上萬個

environments, like an old room or outside a small cathedral. This lighting often still

環境，如一個老房間或一個小教堂外。這種照明往往還

comes from a ball like this one, but VFX artists don't use that extra time just to chill out.

來自於像這樣的球，但VFX藝術家不會利用這些額外的時間只是為了放鬆一下。

As a person who's thinking about light like exponentially more than the normal person,

作為一個對光的思考比普通人成倍增加的人。

would you rather hang out with Rembrandt or Newton?

你願意和倫勃朗還是牛頓一起玩？

Maybe Rembrandt, but ultimately, if I if I threw another name in there, it would be Degas.

也許是倫勃朗，但最終，如果我... ...如果我把另一個名字扔在那裡，那將是德加。

Why Degas? Because he was just obsessive about his artwork, him constantly chasing perfection

為什麼是德加？因為他對自己的作品就是很執著，他不斷地追求完美。

is something that I think drives a lot of artists and also intrigues me at the same

是我認為很多藝術家的動力，同時也讓我感到好奇。

It is a national monument slash park. Because of that, we couldn't limit the public from

這是一個國家紀念碑斜線公園。正因為如此，我們不能限制公眾從。

entering the space. It was an insane day. I mean, you had fans who showed up on the

進入空間。這是一個瘋狂的一天。我的意思是，你有球迷 誰出現了上

day. You had some people who thought it was a protest. So they showed up. Again, they

一天，你有一些人認為這是一個抗議。你有一些人 誰認為這是一個抗議。所以他們出現了。再次，他們

couldn't close the set, so people start to actually sneak in to some of the shots and

不能關閉的設置，所以人們開始實際上偷偷在一些鏡頭和。

pose, because on the day we had about roughly one hundred and fifty actors. So you had a

姿勢，因為那天我們有大約150個演員。所以你有一個

couple of fans started to sneak in. But obviously their their outfits, their garments, something

幾位粉絲開始潛入。但很明顯，他們的他們的服裝，他們的服裝，一些東西。

just looked off. So sometimes some of them actually got into the shoot and it was like,

只是看著關閉。所以有時候他們中的一些人真的進入了拍攝，它就像。

wait a minute, something's off here. Let's get you out of here.

等一下，東西的關閉在這裡。讓我們帶你離開這裡。