Name: 五個簡單的策略來提高你的批判性思維｜BBC思想 (Five simple strategies to sharpen your critical thinking | BBC Ideas)
Uploaded: 2021-01-21T19:45:29.000Z
Duration: 4 min 30 s

We're lucky to live in an age where the sum total of human knowledge

我們很幸運地生活在一個人類知識總和的時代。

程度副詞

is pretty much available at the click of a button.

We've never had access to so much information.

我們從來沒有接觸過這麼多的資訊。

But not all of what's out there is quite what it seems.

但並不是所有的東西都像它看起來那樣。

So here's a few strategies to navigate your way through.

所以，這裡有幾個策略可以為你導航。

And avoid falling out with people along the way.

We all enjoy that sweet dopamine hit of feeling like we're right.

我們都很享受那種甜蜜的多巴胺衝擊，感覺自己是對的。

In repeated experiments, psychologists have shown

在反覆的實驗中，心理學家表明

we're much more likely to accept something as evidence

if it confirms what we already think we know.

如果它證實了我們已經認為我們知道的東西。

And much more likely to discount information

It's what's known as “confirmation bias”.

It's one of the key “cognitive biases” that humans have,

這是人類重要的 "認知偏差 "之一。

and it operates at an unconscious level -

而且它是在無意識的層面上運作的------------------------。

affecting our ability to process information.

This is especially true for issues which are emotionally charged,

尤其是對於那些情緒化的問題，更是如此。

或我們的觀點深入人心的地方。

and be actively prepared to change your mind.

So many of our discussions take place on social media platforms

我們的許多討論都是在社交媒體平臺上進行的。

where algorithms reward our desire to see and hear our views confirmed.

其中，算法獎勵我們希望看到和聽到我們的觀點得到證實的願望。

But in life, most situations are nuanced and complicated –

但在生活中，大多數情況都是細微而複雜的--------。

acknowledging that can enrich the way that we view the world.

承認這一點可以豐富我們看待世界的方式。

For example, what colour is the sky? Well, the obvious answer is blue.

比如說，天空是什麼顏色？嗯，答案很明顯是藍色。

但在日出或日落時，它可以是紅色的。

在一個寒冷的霧霾的早晨，白色或灰色。

But imagine for a moment the blue of the sky on a sunny day.

但想象一下晴天的天空的藍色。

meaning it scatters more than other colours -

意味著它比其他顏色更容易散射--

所以在我們人類看來，天空是藍色的。

even though there's a whole spectrum of colours out there.

即使有一個完整的光譜的顏色在那裡。

Even something that seems totally self-evident

即使是一些看起來完全不言自明的事情

is to let go of the idea of being “right”.

Or at least seriously consider that you might actually be wrong.

或者至少認真考慮一下，你可能真的錯了。

Putting yourself in the other person's shoes

can lead to much more productive outcomes.

Really try to understand where the other person is coming from.

It's what's called “intellectual empathy”.

It can be challenging, but that's the point.

這可能是一個挑戰，但這是重點。

This can only work when both parties are engaging in good faith.

只有在雙方都是善意參與的情況下，這種做法才能奏效。

爭論只是為了浪費別人的時間。

not only makes you that guy or girl people avoid at parties,

不僅讓你成為人們在聚會上避開的那個男人或女孩。

but we are intellectually, socially and politically worse off for it.

但我們在智力上、社會上和政治上都是以而變得更糟。

to know where your information is coming from.

That sciency-looking graph about the dangers of feral Dalmatian puppies

那張看起來很科學的圖，是關於野狗達爾馬提亞犬的危害的

might look very convincing, until you dig a little deeper

貌似很有說服力，但如果你不深入瞭解，就不會有這種感覺

and find it was commissioned by fur-coat-coveting

發現是貪戀皮草大衣的人所為。

迪士尼反派，克魯拉-德-維爾。

Be on the lookout for ulterior motives and vested interests.

要警惕別有用心的人和既得利益者。

Becoming literate in the basics of scientific methodology,

the use of data and the way it's presented

數據的使用和數據的呈現方式；

are all weapons in your arsenal when it comes to critical thinking.

在批判性思維方面，都是你武器庫裡的武器。

Whether engaging in online debates or arguing with Uncle Frank,

不管是參與網上辯論，還是和弗蘭克叔叔爭論。

it's very easy to lose our cool and resort to some

One common tactic is what philosophers call,

一種常見的策略就是哲學家所說的。

Instead of engaging with the actual belief,

For example, if I said, “I prefer hamsters to gerbils,”

例如，如果我說，"比起沙鼠，我更喜歡倉鼠"

you might respond, “Oh, so you want to drown all gerbils?”

你可能會回答，"哦，所以你想淹死所有沙鼠？"

A viewpoint that's much easier to take down.

Another fallacy is the “ad hominem fallacy”,

because of your opinion of the person making it.

這可能會導致自相殘殺的攻擊。

which is basically Latin for name-calling.

In that situation, it's fair to say that everybody loses.

在這種情況下，可以說是大家都輸了。

Engaging in critical thinking isn't as fun as picking up a pitchfork,

從事批判性思維並不像拿起叉子那樣有趣。

or feeling like you're fundamentally right.

But in the long run, it leads to a more curious,

但從長遠來看，會導致更多的好奇心。

which ultimately is the biggest win of all.

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五個簡單的策略來提高你的批判性思維｜BBC思想 (Five simple strategies to sharpen your critical thinking | BBC Ideas)

ultimately

cognitive

approach

obvious