We're learning 105 words from the academic word  list, so these are words you'll need to know if  

我們學習的是105個學術單詞表的單詞，所以這些單詞你需要知道，如

you're preparing for the IELTS or TOEFL exam, but  also if you read or watch the news in English,  

你在準備雅思或托福考試時，但如果你用英語閱讀或觀看新聞，也是如此。

or have conversation in English. These are  intermediate words, and we're going to study them  

或用英語進行對話。這些都是中間詞，我們要學習它們

in real situations so your understanding will  go beyond just memorizing a definition. So  

在真實的情況下，所以你的理解將不僅僅是記住一個定義。所以

grab your friends, have them join you  in this challenge, and let's do this!  

帶上你的朋友，讓他們和你一起參加這個挑戰，讓我們來做這件事!

As always, if you like this video  or you learned something new,  

和往常一樣，如果你喜歡這個視頻或者你學到了新的東西。

please like and subscribe with notifications.  I'd love to have you as my student.

請喜歡和訂閱與通知。 我很希望你能成為我的學生。

During these 30 days, we're learning 105  words together. I do have a download for you,  

在這30天裡，我們一起學習105個單詞。我有一個下載給你。

a list of all the words with definitions and  sample sentences, as well as quizzes to make  

所有單詞的清單，包括定義和例句，以及測驗，以使

sure you're really getting and remembering these  words. You can get that download by following  

確保你真正理解並記住這些單詞。你可以通過以下方式獲得該下載

this link or the link in the video description.  Today, we're learning four new words,  

這個鏈接或視頻描述中的鏈接。 今天，我們要學習四個新單詞。

and we're looking at the different ways these  words are used in various real situations.  

我們正在研究這些詞在各種實際情況下的不同使用方式。

For each word, you'll get the definition, we'll  go over the pronunciation, you'll get to see it  

每一個字，你會得到定義，我們會去看發音，你會看到它

up close and in slow motion, and then we'll also  go to Youglish for five examples from real life.

近距離的慢動作，然後我們也會去優衣庫找五個現實生活中的例子。

Our first word today is MAINTENANCE.

我們今天的第一個詞是MAINTENANCE。

Maintenance. The pronunciation of this word is a  little tricky. That T is a stop T. Every once in  

維護。這個詞的發音有點麻煩。那個T是個停頓T，每一次在

a while, you might hear a true T. Maintenance. But  that's rare. It's much more common to hear a stop  

一會兒，你可能會聽到一個真正的T。的維護。但這是很少見的。更常見的是聽到一個停止的

T in the pronunciation. Maintenance. And that's  what you'll hear in all of the examples here.  

發音中的T。維護。這就是你在這裡所有例子中會聽到的內容。

Maintenance. Maint-- Stop of air. Maintenance.  We've got three N's, we make the first one,  

維護。Maint--停氣。維護。 我們有三個N，我們做第一個。

then we stop the air for the stop T.  Maint-- nn-- Then make the N again,  

然後，我們停止空氣的停止T。 主T--nn--然後再做N。

you don't need to move your tongue, this is for  the second N, Maint-- nn-- Maint-- nn-- ance.  

你不用動舌頭，這是第二個N，Maint--nn--Maint--nn--ance。

Then just a quick down and up to  make your third N. Maintenance.

然後只需要快速的向下和向上進行第三N次的維護。

It's a noun, it means keeping  something in good condition,  

這是一個名詞，它的意思是保持東西的良好狀態。

by making repairs or correcting problems. The  maintenance fees for my website are pretty low.  

通過進行維修或糾正問題。我的網站的維護費用是相當低的。

Let's see this word again up close and  in slow motion. This is with the stop T.

我們再來近距離慢動作看看這個詞。這是帶休止符的T。

And now, we'll go to Youglish to see  five examples of this word in context.

而現在，我們就去優衣庫看看這個詞在上下文中的五個例子。

And it has to last 20 years without maintenance.

而且要用20年，不用保養。

When you or I go to the doctor for a  check-up, we don't go because we're sick.  

當你或我去看醫生檢查時，我們不會因為生病而去。

We go because it's a good idea. Our  doctor takes a look at our general health  

我們去是因為這是個好主意。我們的醫生會給我們檢查身體

and gives us advice on how to stay healthy. This  is the idea of maintenance for a car, changing  

並給我們提出瞭如何保持健康的建議。這就是汽車保養的理念，更換

oil, checking the tires, replacing filters, that's  maintenance. This particular piece of machinery  

機油，檢查輪胎，更換濾清器，這就是保養。這臺特殊的機器

needs to be built to run without problems  with no need for maintenance for 20 years.

需要在20年內不出現問題，不需要維護的情況下建成運行。

And it has to last 20 years without maintenance.

而且要用20年，不用保養。

Here's another example.

這裡還有一個例子。

I think the fact that some of your  

我認為事實上，你的一些

service and maintenance people don't  make a livable wage is shameful.

服務和維修人員不做一個可恥的工資是可恥的。

Service and maintenance people. He means  workers who repair mechanical equipment,  

服務和維修人員。他是指維修機械設備的工人。

buildings or machines. A livable wage means a  person should be able to live off of his salary.  

建築物或機器。可維持生計的工資意味著一個人應該能夠靠他的工資生活。

If he's working full-time, pay bills, buy food,  pay for housing, and transportation, and so on,  

如果他是全職工作，要付帳單、買菜、付房費、交通費等等。

this man is saying that these kinds  of workers at this organization  

這個人是說這個組織的這些工人...

are not making enough working full-time to  take care of all of these basic expenses.

全職工作的收入不足以支付所有這些基本開支。

I think the fact that some of your  

我認為事實上，你的一些

service and maintenance people don't  make a livable wage is shameful.

服務和維修人員不做一個可恥的工資是可恥的。

Let's see another example.

我們再來看一個例子。

But I mean most of it is also  just like body maintenance,  

但我的意思是大部分也只是像身體保養。

like maintaining your body in different ways.

比如用不同的方式保養身體。

Taking care of our bodies.  What does that look like?  

照顧我們的身體。 那是什麼樣子的？

Healthy eating, exercising, getting enough sleep.  These are the basic parts of body maintenance.

健康的飲食、運動、充足的睡眠。 這些都是身體保養的基本部分。

But I mean most of it is also  just like body maintenance,  

但我的意思是大部分也只是像身體保養。

like maintaining your body in different ways.

比如用不同的方式保養身體。

Let's look at another example.

我們再來看一個例子。

Sidewalks that shift or settle over time make  the maintenance of accessible features important.

隨著時間的推移，人行道會發生移動或沉降，是以無障礙設施的維護非常重要。

A city is expected to maintain or  take care of its public spaces.  

一個城市應該維護或照顧其公共空間。

If a road gets damaged, the city has to fix it.  

如果一條路被破壞了，城市就得修。

If bumps show up on a sidewalk, it's the city's  job to repair it and smooth it out again.

如果在人行道上出現了顛簸，城市的工作就是把它修好，再把它弄平。

Sidewalks that shift or settle, over time make the  maintenance of accessible features important.

隨著時間的推移，人行道的移動或沉降，使得無障礙設施的維護非常重要。

Our last example.

我們最後一個例子。

They are a fairly high maintenance  part of airport and airline security.

它們是機場和航空公司安全中相當高的維護部分。

Did you hear her use an adjective there before  maintenance? High-- high maintenance versus low  

你有沒有聽到她在保養前用了一個形容詞？高... 高維護和低維護

maintenance. High maintenance requires more time,  more money, more work to keep up. Low maintenance  

維護。高維護需要更多的時間、更多的金錢、更多的工作來維持。低維護

requires less. An airport is definitely a  place that I would say is high maintenance,  

要求較低。機場絕對是一個我要說的高維護的地方。

needing quite a bit of effort to keep it running  smoothly. These words can also be used for people.  

需要相當多的努力才能保證它的順利運行。這些詞也可以用來形容人。

Someone who's high maintenance has a lot of  specific needs and needs a lot of attention.  

一個高保養的人，有很多特殊的需求，需要很多的關注。

Someone who's low maintenance is laid back.  My four-year-old is pretty high maintenance,  

一個人的低維護是悠閒的。 我家四歲的孩子是很高的維護者。

he doesn't like playing by himself very  much, he always wants me to play with him.

他不太喜歡自己玩，他總是想讓我和他一起玩。

They are a fairly high maintenance  part of airport and airline security.

它們是機場和航空公司安全中相當高的維護部分。

Our next word is RANGE. Range. It's a noun, and it  means a group of things or people that are usually  

我們的下一個詞是RANGE。範圍。這是一個名詞，它的意思是一組事物或人，通常是指

similar in some way, or a series of numbers  that includes the highest and lowest possible  

相似，或包括最高和最低可能的數字系列。

amounts. We'll be covering a range of topics in  this class. The salary range is thirty to forty  

的金額。我們在這門課上會涉及一系列的話題。薪資範圍是三十到四十

five thousand dollars. As a verb, it means to  include everything between specified limits.  

五千美元。作為動詞，意思是包括指定範圍之間的一切。

The peppers ranged from mild to spicy. Let's  see this again up close and in slow motion.

花椒從溫和到辛辣不等。我們再來近距離慢動作看看。

And now, we'll go to Youglish to see  five examples of this word in context.

現在，我們就去優衣庫看看這個詞在上下文中的五個例子。

Our courses range anywhere from eight  days all the way up to 82 days in length.

我們的課程從8天到82天不等。

Think about a course you've taken.  What's a typical range or length of time  

想一想你學過的課程。 一個典型的範圍或時間長度是多少？

from start to finish? A semester in  the US is generally about 15 weeks.

從開始到結束？美國的一個學期一般是15周左右。

Our courses range anywhere from eight  days all the way up to 82 days in length.

我們的課程從8天到82天不等。

Here's another example.

這裡還有一個例子。

Now, the range is anywhere from  you know, 43 down to 18 or 19.

現在，範圍是任何地方 從你知道，43下降到18或19。

Range is a very helpful word to use when  you're talking about data and graphs.  

當你在談論數據和圖形時，範圍是一個非常有用的詞。

He says that the values on the  Y-axis are 18 at the lowest point  

他說Y軸上的數值最低點是18。

and 43 at the highest point. So the  full range there covers 25 units.

和43的最高點。所以那裡的全部範圍涵蓋了25個組織、部門。

Now, the range is anywhere from  you know 43 down to 18 or 19.

現在，範圍是任何地方 從你知道43到18或19。

Let's see another example.

我們再來看一個例子。

We talked about a whole range of things.

我們談論了一系列的事情。

A whole range of things. Lots of different  topics. When I chat with my brother, we discuss  

一系列的事情。很多不同的話題。當我和我哥哥哈拉時，我們討論

everything, from what we ate for dinner to  politics, to whatever books we're reading,  

一切，從我們吃的晚餐到政治，再到我們正在讀的任何書。

what's going on at work, what we're planning  to do at Christmas, and so on. We cover it all,  

工作上發生了什麼，我們打算在聖誕節做什麼，等等。我們涵蓋了這一切。

a whole range of subjects,  a wide range of subjects.

一應俱全，題材廣泛。

We talked about a whole range of things.

我們談論了一系列的事情。

Let's look at another example.

我們再來看一個例子。

Luckily for me, it was quite far away. But  

幸運的是，它離我很遠。但是...

my colleague Philippe got to  see it at very close range.

我的同事Philippe在很近的距離看到了它。

This guy is telling a story about hiking  outside with a friend and subtly running  

這傢伙講的是和朋友一起在外面徒步旅行的故事，巧妙的是跑

into a mountain lion. In this case, close  range sounds like 20 to 50 feet away,  

變成一隻山獅。在這種情況下，近距離聽起來像20到50英尺遠。

maybe even closer. In other uses, close range  could mean one to six feet away, like with social  

也許更近。在其他用途中，近距離可能意味著一到六英尺的距離，就像社交網絡一樣。

distancing, we want to keep a range of at least  six feet away from others during the pandemic.

距離，我們要在大流行期間與他人保持至少6英尺的範圍。

Luckily for me, it was quite far away but  

幸運的是，它離我很遠，但。

my colleague Philippe got to  see it at very close range.

我的同事Philippe在很近的距離看到了它。

Our last example.

我們最後一個例子。

And these letters range from heartbreak and  loss, just spats with parents or siblings.

而這些信的範圍，有的是傷心失落，有的只是與父母或兄弟姐妹的爭吵。

This woman studies difficult relationships.  People have sent her letters and emails about  

這個女人研究困難的關係。 人們給她寄來了信件和電子郵件，關於

all kinds of hard situations that they've been  through. Heartbreak and loss mean sad stories.  

他們所經歷過的各種艱難處境。心碎和失去意味著悲傷的故事。

Spats means stories about fights and arguments.  The stories cover a range of challenges.

Spats意味著關於打架和爭論的故事。 這些故事涵蓋了一系列的挑戰。

And these letters range from heartbreak and  loss. Just spats with parents or siblings.

而這些信的內容從心碎、失落。只是與父母或兄弟姐妹的爭吵。

Our next word is ADMINISTRATION.

我們下一個詞是ADMINISTRATION。

This is a five syllable word with stress on  the fourth syllable. We have secondary stress  

這是一個五音節的詞，重音在第四音節。我們有第二重音

on the second syllable, but in general, you  can feel that as unstressed. Administration.  

在第二個音節上，但在一般情況下，你可以感覺到，作為不緊張。管理。

Administration. Administration. It's a noun,  and it means the activities or group of people  

行政管理。行政管理。這是一個名詞，它的意思是指人們的活動或群體。

that relate to running a company,  school, or other organization.  

與經營公司、學校或其他組織有關的；

My dad works in hospital administration. This  means he's not a doctor, he works in the offices  

我爸爸在醫院行政部門工作。意思是他不是醫生，他是在辦公室工作的

of the people who run the hospital. Let's  see this again up close and in slow motion.

的辦院人員。我們再來近距離慢動作看看。

And now we'll go to Youglish to see  five examples of this word in context.

現在我們就去優衣庫看看這個詞在上下文中的五個例子。

He found a man who taught  him database administration.

他找到了一個教他數據庫管理的人。

A database administrator uses specialized  software to store and organize  

數據庫管理員使用專門的軟件來存儲和組織。

lots and lots of information. This  person works mostly behind the  

很多很多的資訊。這個人主要在背後工作

scenes to keep the information  easy to access and up to date.

場景，以保證資訊的便捷和更新。

He found a man who taught  him database administration.

他找到了一個教他數據庫管理的人。

Here's another example.

這裡還有一個例子。

I was given the leeway to work with those  funds, and convince the legislature and the  

我被賦予了使用這些資金的餘地，並說服立法機構和政府。

administration that most of that  money should go into health care.

政府認為，這些錢的大部分應該投入到醫療保健中。

Here, administration means a group of  people in charge of making decisions about  

在這裡，行政管理指的是負責決策的一群人。

how government works. For example, the Trump  administration, the Biden administration.  

政府如何運作。例如，特朗普政府、拜登政府。

These are the people that a president  selects to put laws and plans into action.  

這些人是總統挑選出來將法律和計劃付諸實施的人。

The word 'leeway' means freedom  to make choices. So in this case,  

'迴旋餘地'這個詞的意思是自由選擇。所以在這種情況下。

a person had the freedom to convince those in  charge that this money should go to health care.

一個人有自由去說服那些負責人，這筆錢應該用於保健。

I was given the leeway to work with those  funds, and convince the legislature and the  

我被賦予了使用這些資金的餘地，並說服立法機構和政府。

administration that most of that  money should go into health care.

政府認為，這些錢的大部分應該投入到醫療保健中。

Let's see another example.

我們再來看一個例子。

There were a lot of different challenges and  

有很多不同的挑戰和

issues. There were different ideas  of management of administration.

的問題。對行政管理有不同的管理思路。

Do you like group work or group decision  making? Generally, the more people there  

你喜歡小組工作還是小組決策？一般來說，人越多

are who have to make a decision, the  harder it is to reach an agreement.

必須做出決定的人，就越難達成協議。

There were a lot of different  challenges and issues.  

有很多不同的挑戰和問題。

There were different ideas of  management of administration.

對行政管理有不同的管理思路。

Let's look at another example.

我們再來看一個例子。

And today, it's the Dallas  County administration building.

而今天，這裡是達拉斯縣的行政大樓。

Have you ever been to your city's  courthouse or administration building?  

你去過你們市的法院或行政大樓嗎？

This one in Dallas, Texas has city  government offices that is the offices  

德州達拉斯市的這個有市政府辦公室，就是辦公室。

of the people who run the city on the first  five floors and a museum on the top floor.

的人在一樓五樓經營城市，頂樓是博物館。

And today it's the Dallas  County administration building.

而如今，這裡是達拉斯縣的行政大樓。

Our last example.

我們最後一個例子。

How many years were you in the administration?

你在政府工作了多少年？

He wants to know how long someone worked in  administration. That kind of work includes  

他想知道某人在行政部門工作了多久。這種工作包括

preparing budgets, policies, contracts,  managing employees, lots of leadership  

編制預算、政策、合同、管理員工、大量的上司工作。

tasks fall under the umbrella of administration.  So it's the support work of the organization.

任務屬於行政工作的範疇。 所以是組織的輔助工作。

How many years were you in the administration?

你在政府工作了多少年？

Our last word today is RESTRICTED.

我們今天的最後一個詞是RESTRICTED。

The T here is very weak, don't put much air in it.

這裡的T很弱，不要放太多空氣。

Restricted. Tt-- It shouldn't be like that,  in fact, it can be so weak that it might sound  

受限。Tt--不應該是這樣的，事實上，它可以是如此的弱，它可能會聽起來

like a D. Restricted. It's an adjective, it means  having a set limit, having definite rules about  

像D.受限。這是一個形容詞，它的意思是有一個設定的限制，有明確的規則，對

what or who is allowed, and not allowed. During  Covid-19, the number of people allowed in the  

哪些人可以進入，哪些人不可以進入。在Covid-19期間，被允許進入的人數。

restaurant at one time is restricted to 15.  Let's look again up close and in slow motion.

餐館一次只能容納15人。 我們再來近距離慢動作看一下。

And now we'll go to Youglish to see  five examples of this word in context.

現在我們就去優衣庫看看這個詞在上下文中的五個例子。

What was once a behavior restricted to the  schoolyard and neighborhood, has now gone viral.

原本只限於校園和小區的行為，現在已經被病毒感染了。

She's talking about bullying. A bully  is someone who frightens, hurts,  

她說的是霸凌。欺負人就是嚇唬人，傷害人的人。

or threatens someone smaller or weaker. Before  social media, bullying happened in person at  

或威脅較小或較弱的人。在社交媒體之前，欺凌行為發生在人身上。

school, or outside in public. It only happened in  certain places. Now, bullying happens online too.

學校，或在外面的公共場所。它只發生在某些地方。現在，欺凌行為也在網上發生。

What was once a behavior restricted to the  school yard and neighborhood, has now gone viral.

原本只限於學校院子和小區的行為，現在已經變成了病毒。

Here's another example.

這裡還有一個例子。

Their ability to dream and aspire has  just been confined and restricted.

他們的夢想和嚮往的能力只是被限制和約束了。

Her talk is about young people who grew  up in poor areas of big cities. She says  

她說的是在大城市貧困地區長大的年輕人。她說

they can't work towards their dreams  easily because they're restricted.  

他們因為受到限制，不能輕易地朝著自己的夢想努力。

Something is holding them back or standing  in their way. Maybe it's a lack of money,  

有什麼東西在阻擋著他們，或者說擋住了他們的路。也許是缺錢。

a lack of good education, a lack  of a stable community, and so on.

缺乏良好的教育，缺乏穩定的社會，等等。

Their ability to dream and aspire has  just been confined and restricted.

他們的夢想和嚮往的能力只是被限制和約束了。

Let's see another example.

我們再來看一個例子。

That's actually pretty common on  very calorie restricted diets.

其實這在很限制熱量的飲食上很常見。

One way to lose weight is to eat fewer calories.  She uses a noun here to describe the kind of  

減肥的方法之一就是少吃熱量。 她在這裡用了一個名詞來形容那種。

restrictions. A calorie-restricted diet.  You might also try a carb-restricted diet,  

限制。限制卡路里的飲食。 你也可以嘗試限制碳水化合物的飲食。

or dairy restricted diet. It means you're eating  less or none of those things, of carbs, of dairy.

或乳製品限制飲食。這意味著你少吃或沒有這些東西， 碳水化合物，乳製品。

That's actually pretty common on  very calorie restricted diets.

其實這在很限制熱量的飲食上很常見。

Let's look at another example.

我們再來看一個例子。

It really restricted his time.

這真的限制了他的時間。

One thing that's restricted my time this year  is having my kids home all day, every day,  

今年有一件事限制了我的時間，那就是孩子整天在家，天天如此。

during the pandemic. They need my attention,  but my work also requires my attention.  

疫情期間。他們需要我的關注，但我的工作也需要我的關注。

Can you think of something that's  restricted or limited your time lately?

你能想到最近有什麼事情被限制或限制你的時間嗎？

It really restricted his time.

這真的限制了他的時間。

Our last example.

我們最後一個例子。

And this epidemic is not  restricted to the US alone.

而且這種流行病並不只限於美國。

Not restricted. Meaning it's not  happening just here. The epidemic,  

不受限制。意思是說，它不只是發生在這裡。疫情。

or widespread disease, is showing up in  other countries around the world too.

或廣泛流行的疾病，在世界其他國家也出現了。

And this epidemic is not  restricted to the US alone.