and I'm going to tell you about the saddest story that I've ever heard.

如今，我想告訴大家，一個我聽過最悲傷的故事。

Inside Camp 14, 13-year-old inmate named Shin Dong-hyuk

在 14 號集中營，一名十三歲囚犯，名叫申東赫，

betrayed his family.

他背叛了自己的家人。

It was late at night, he was supposed to be asleep

在一個深夜的晚上，本該已入睡的他，

but he heard his mother and brother

無意中聽到自己的母親和哥哥

talking about a plan to escape from the camp.

商討一個逃離 14 號集中營的計劃。

The rules of Camp 14 are clear.

14 號集中營的規則很清楚。

If you try to escape, you'll be shot.

企圖逃獄的人，一律槍決。

If you hear someone talking about escape

倘若你聽見別人商量逃獄，

and you fail to report it, you'll be shot.

卻知情不報，也一律槍決。

Shin got out of bed, told his mother he had to pee

申東赫爬起床，跟母親說要小解，

walked outside and found a guard.

就走了出去。他見到一名守衛。他決定告密。

While he was snitching, he asked for more food

當他告發時，他要求有多些食物

and easier work.

和少些苦差。

About seven months later --

過了約七個月 --

about seven months later,

過了約七個月，

he was taken to the execution grounds in the camp.

他被帶到集中營的行刑場。

A place that he'd gone to twice a year

這個地方，自他五歲起，

ever since he was five years old.

一年就會來兩次。

There, the entire camp was assembled.

整個集中營的囚犯，都被召集到那裏。

There were about 20,000 people in Camp 14 at the time.

14 號集中營的囚犯，當時為數約二萬人。

He was taken to the front, and he witnessed

申東赫被帶到人前，親眼目睹

the shooting death of his brother, and the hanging of his mother.

他的哥哥被槍斃，母親被絞斃，

Before his mother died, she tried to catch his eye.

在他母親斷氣前，她想看看他最後一眼。

He refused to look at her.

他避開了她的目光。

For the next 10 years, he felt no guilt

此後十年，他心中一直沒有愧疚，

for his role in the death of his brother and mother.

不認為是自己害死了哥哥和母親。

In concentration camps survivor stories,

在云云集中營生還者的故事中，

there is a conventional narrative arc.

通常都有這樣一段經典的敘述橋段。

The protagonist is taken away by security forces

主人翁被武力帶走，

from a comfortable home and a loving family.

原來舒適的家、美滿的家庭亦隨之破滅。

The most famous of these stories, I'm sure most of you've read

最著名的故事，我相信在座大部分人都讀過，

is by Elie Wiesel, it's called "Night."

就是埃利·維瑟爾 (Elie Wiesel) 的著作《夜》("Night")。

In the book, he writes that, after his entire family perished

在書中，維瑟爾寫道，當他所有的家人

in the Nazi death camps, he was alone.

都在納粹集中營被殺光後，剩下他一個人。

Terribly alone. In a world without man,

他何其孤單。獨自遺落在一個世界，沒有他人，

without God, without love, without mercy.

沒有主，沒有愛，沒有仁慈。

Shin's story is even darker.

申東赫的故事卻更黑暗。

Words like love, mercy, family --

愛、仁慈、家人，這些言詞 --

for him had no meaning at all.

對他根本全無意義。

God did not disappear or die. Shin had never heard of him.

主不是消失或離去。申東赫根本從未聽過祂。

In "Night," Wiesel writes

在《夜》，維瑟爾寫道，

that an adolescent's knowledge of evil should come from reading books.

一位少年應該是從博覽群書接觸到邪惡。

In Camp 14,

在 14 號集中營，

Shin saw only one book, a Korean grammar

申東赫只見過一本書，就是他老師手上的

in the hands of his teacher. A man who wore a uniform,

一本韓語文法書。那老師是一個穿軍服的男人，

had a gun on his hip, and who beat one of Shin's classmates

腰間綁上一把槍，曾經試過用一枝黑板棒

to death with a chalkboard pointer.

將申東赫的一個同學打死。

Shin did not abandon

申東赫並不是看着文明

civilization and descend into hell.

捨他而去，然後墜進地獄去。

Uniquely among all the concentration camp survivors

有別於我們認識的所有集中營生還者，

we know, he was born there. He accepted its rules.

申東赫是在集中營出世的。他對營規安之若命。

He regarded it as home.

他視集中營為家。

In a very real way, Shin was a creation

實實在在，申東赫可謂是一個由 14 號集中營的守衛

of the guards in Camp 14. They were quite literally his breeders.

創造的成品。他們可謂是他的再世父母。

They chose his parents, who were young adults in the camp

他們選擇他的父母，兩位都是營內的年青人，

and they ordered them to have sex.

然後命令他們交配。

He was raised mostly by the guards. He had a very bad relationship with his mother.

大部分時間，申東赫都是由守衛養大的。 他與母親的關係很差。

But he was raised by the guards,

但他的確由守衛養大了，

to snitch on his parents, and to snitch on his friends.

到頭來告發父母，告發朋友。

It was a long playing behavioral experiment

那是一個由北韓國安部門

run by the security apparatus of North Korea.

策劃實行的長期行為實驗。

And, it continues to this day. The rules are very simple.

而且時至今日。矩則很簡單。

The more you snitched, the more you ate.

告密愈多，吃得愈多。

Let me ask you, how many of you knew

讓我問問大家，在座有多少人

before I started talking, that there are concentration camps in North Korea?

在我開始說之前，早已知道北韓有集中營？

That's good.

很好。

Well, there are about six of them. Between four and six.

其實，北韓有大約六個集中營。大約四至六個。

135,000 to 200,000 people are in them right now.

現時約有 135,000 至 200,000 人被囚。

Half of them are the relatives

半數是北韓境內

of perceived political enemies of the state.

被認為是人民公敵的人的親戚。

The relatives.

是親戚。

The way justice works in North Korea, there's collective punishment.

北韓的司法制度，就是集體懲罰。

If I were to say that the leaders were stupid and corrupt

如果我膽敢說偉大的領袖愚昧腐敗，

my kids and my parents would go with me to a camp

上至高堂，下至妻房，都會陪我一起關進類似 14 號的

like Camp 14, and eating a diet of corn, cabbage and salt, we would all be worked to death.

集中營，三餐吃粟米、白菜和鹽，最後勞動至死。

These camps have existed for half a century.

這些集中營存在已半個世紀。

They're clearly visible on Google Earth, you can see them on your Smartphone.

而且在 Google Earth 上清晰可見， 你可以在智能手機上找到。

North Korea continues to deny,

北韓繼續否認，

officially deny that they exist.

官方式否認集中營的存在。

North Korea didn't invent these camps.

北韓並不是這些集中營的始作俑者。

They were invented in this form by Stalin.

這種形式的集中營是史達林 (Stalin) 的作品。

But, when Stalin died in the former Soviet Union,

但是，當史達林在前蘇聯身故後，

the camps died out too.

集中營也一併滅亡。

In North Korea however, the camps have survived the death of founding dictator,

不過在北韓，集中營在首任獨裁者身故後，仍繼續存在，

they've survived the death of his son,

獨裁者之子死時，集中營也不受影響．

and they're thriving now with the third generation

時至今日，在第三代接班人金正恩的極權領導下，

of totalitarian leadership, Kim Jong Un.

集中營依然繼續旺盛。

Who's about 28, 29 years old. Coincidentally, he happens to be

金正恩現年約 28、29 歲，

about the same age as Shin.

恰巧與申東赫年齡相約。

But you can see from this slide the camps have existed

而從這張投影片中清晰可見，

twice as long as the camps in the Soviet Union,

北韓的集中營，歷時是俄聯的兩倍之長，

about 12 times as long as the camps in Hitler's Germany.

更是希特拉統治德國時約十二倍之久。

And the reason North Korea seems to have lost none of its appetite

而箇中原因是，北韓似乎對殘害人民

for being cruel to its own people.

經已麻木不仁。

They're just as cruel now as they were 50 years ago.

他們今日跟五十年前一樣殘酷。

The camps are operated in almost exactly the same way.

集中營運作的方式，和以前也幾乎一模一樣。

Shin's story is the case study in that cruelty.

申東赫就是那種殘酷的案例。

He's the only person,

他是目前為止，

the only person so far, born and raised in those camps

惟一一位，在集中營出世長大，

to get out and tell the story.

並能逃脫出來，並道出故事的人。

But, his story is more than just a tale of state-sponsored sadism.

不過，他的故事不只是一篇國家墜落的悲詩。

It is an escape adventure, and it's a story about the resilience

他的故事是個逃亡的歷險，

of the human spirit.

也是個重拾人性的故事。

The guards in Camp 14 spent 23 years trying to turn Shin

14 號集中營的守衛花了 23 年時間，希望將申東赫

into a blinkard, malleable slave and they failed.

變成一個唯命是從、可搓可揉的奴隸，然而他們失敗了。

They failed because he was very lucky when he was 23.

他們失敗了，因為申東赫 23 歲那年，十分幸運。

A newcomer came to the camp, and this was an individual who had been raised in Pyongyang.

集中營來了個新人，他是個在平壤長大的人。

A member of the elite. He'd been educated in the former Soviet Union.

他是個菁英份子，在前蘇聯受過教育。

Shin's job, was to teach Park, that was the guy's name,

申東赫的工作，就是教導朴先生，那位新人姓朴，

how to fix sewing machines in the uniform factory.

怎樣在軍服製衣廠中修理縫紉機。

Shin was also supposed to snitch on Park, to find out what he thought

申東赫也應該告發朴先生，暗中調查他對領導的想法，

about the leadership, and then report to his superior.

並向上司匯報。

For the first time in his life, though, instead of snitching

不過，在申東赫人生裏頭，他第一次沒有告密，

Shin listened to what Park had to say.

而選擇了聆聽一下朴先生想說的話。

Park told him -- broke the news to him

朴先生告訴他 -- 將驚人的消息告知他，

that the world was round, which was news to Shin.

世界是圓的，對於申東赫而言是新知。

He told him that the United States,

他告訴他，世界上還有美國、

South Korea and China existed.

南韓和中國。

But, he also said, and this is what got Shin's interest --

但是，他也說了，獨是一件吸引申東赫興趣的事 --

He said, "If you get out of here, if you get out of this camp,

他說：「若你走出這裏，若你逃出集中獄，

and went to China, you could eat grilled meat".

並走到中國，你可以吃烤肉」。

That's what interested Shin. (Laughter)

而那就是吸引申東赫興趣的地方。(眾笑)

He started dreaming about grilled meat.

他開始發白日夢．夢想着烤肉。

Within a few weeks he asked Shin --

幾個星期之後，他問申東赫 --

Shin asked Park to escape together.

申東赫叫朴先生一起逃獄。

Park agreed.

朴先生同意了。

On January 2nd, 2005

在二零零五年一月二日，

they went for the fence. The electric fence.

他們前往圍欄。電圍欄。

The electrified fence that surrounds the camp.

那個圍繞整個集中營的接電圍欄。

Shin was supposed to be the Mr Inside Guy in this escape attempt.

申東赫本應擔當今次逃離計劃的內接應。

He was supposed to get to the fence first, then Park having more knowledge

他本應先到達圍欄，然後

of the outside world, would lead them to China.

對外面世界有較多認識的朴先生，就會帶路到中國。

Unfortunately, as they ran towards the fence, on a snowy cold evening up in the mountains,

不幸地，當他們跑向圍欄，在一個風雪寒冷黃昏的山上，

Shin slipped and fell on his face

申東赫滑倒，頭栽在雪上，

and Park got to the fence first.

而朴先生首先到達圍欄。

He was electrocuted on the fence. Shin did not hesitate, though.

他在圍欄上被電死。不過申東赫並無猶豫。

He crawled over Park's smoldering body and ran off.

他爬過朴先生燒焦的身體，拔足而逃。

The Mr. Outside Guy on that escape attempt

就是這樣，今次逃離計劃的外接應

unfortunately was dead on the fence.

不幸地葬身圍欄。

But Shin still, through a combination of luck,

不過，申東赫仍然，憑着運氣、

keeping his mouth shut, and being shrewd, he found his way out of North Corea in 30 days.

三緘其口和一點小聰明，在三十日內找到路逃出北韓。

In a year-and-a-half he'd found his way across China

在一年半時間，他找到路越過中國

and found his way to South Korea.

並逃到南韓。

Two years later he was living in Southern California.

兩年後，他就居住在南加州。

Eating at In-and-Out Burger, which he still says it's the best burger in the US.

吃着 In-N-Out 漢堡，他至今仍然說 那家店的漢堡包是全美國最棒的。

(Laughter)

(眾笑)

And he was working for LiNK, 'Liberty in North Korea'

他為朝鮮人權團體 LINK, 'Liberty in North Korea' 工作，

as a Human Rights volunteer.

做一位人權自願工作者。

But, he's not been a very happy person outside the camp.

不過，他出了集中營後，並不是一位開心快活人。

He's struggling to understand what it means to be free.

他一直在掙扎，去了解所謂的自由，究竟是甚麼。

He says that he's physically outside, but not psychologically outside barbed wire.

他說，雖然人走了出來，心靈仍困在帶刺的鐵絲網中。

One of the things he told me is

他曾經跟我說，

that he's evolving from being an animal into trying to be a human being.

他正在從一隻牲畜演變，嘗試去做一個人。

But it's going very, very slowly.

但進程緩慢，十分緩慢。

Very slowly. He still has dreams

非常緩慢。他仍經常夢見

about his mother's death.

母親的死。

What's terrifying though is that Shin's story is not an isolated tale of horror.

可怕的是，申東赫並不是單獨成書的一部恐怖故事。

The two other big adjustment problems that are going on, or that will soon go on.

還有兩個巨大的適應問題，遲早需要面對。

There are 24,000 North Koreans now living in South Korea.

有二萬四千名北韓人現居南韓。

Almost all of them have come there in the past 12 years.

當中幾乎所有人都是過去十二年才逃出來的。

Almost all of them have been examined by government psychiatrists and psychologists

當中幾乎所有人都接受過南韓政府的精神科醫生

in South Korea who say that, virtually all of them are clinically paranoid,

和心理學家的檢驗，而且都被認為是臨床性的偏執狂，

a useful adjustment for life in North Korea, a place that crawls with security agents

為了在北韓這個充斥國安部隊的國度生存，也無可厚非，

but they have a very difficult time adapting to modern life.

但到了適應現代生活時，就困難重重。

They have a hard time distinguishing between criticism and betrayal.

他們很難分辨，何謂批評，何謂背叛。

And, there are 24 million people in North Korea who, if that state ever collapses

而且，北韓現有二千四百萬人民，倘若政權崩潰，

will have to go through the same adjustment problems.

他們每一個人，都將要經歷相同的適應問題。

And no one is thinking that North Korea is on the verge of collapse,

雖然無人認為北韓在崩潰邊緣，

but totalitarian systems don't last forever.

極權制度卻不能直到永遠。

And, someday, all of those people will have to go through a version

總有一天，這些人民，每一個都要經歷

of what Shin has gone through.

類似申東赫走過的歷程。

Now, the reason Shin told me his awful story

現在，申東赫之所以將自己悲淒的故事告訴我，

was because he wants you to know

原因是因為他想你們知道

that these camps are still in operation.

這些集中營依然運作至今。

They're still breeding children. They're still teaching them to betray their parents.

他們仍在繁衍兒童。他們仍在教導兒童背叛父母。

He doesn't believe that knowing about this is going to overthrow North Korea.

申東赫並不認為，道出一切能夠推翻北韓政權。

But, he went through the humiliation of telling me his story

然而，他向我道出自己的故事時，經歷過內心一番恥辱，

and he's traveling the world talking about it,

而他現在正走遍世界，道出自己的故事，

because he believes that knowledge is better than ignorance.

因為他相信，知識遠勝於無知。

Thank you very much.

多謝各位。

(Applause)

(掌聲)