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The simplest electric circuit is a light bulb and a battery.
燈泡與電池可組成最簡單的電路
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The battery creates a force pushing the charged particles in the wire,
電池產生力量來驅動導線中的帶電粒子
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causing them to flow in a loop around the circuit.
在迴路的導線中流動
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The number of charged particles that pass by each second
每秒通過的電子數稱為電流(I)
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is what we refer to as the current.
因為電池讓電子帶有較高的電位能
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The charged particles flow through the light bulb because the battery causes them
所以電子得以通過燈泡
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to have a higher potential energy on one side of the light bulb than the other.
理與重力位能一樣
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This is similar to how objects at higher elevations
水平高度較高的物體,它的重力位能較大
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have a higher gravitational potential energy.
與電有關的位能稱為電壓(Voltage,電位能)
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This potential energy is what we refer to as voltage.
若把『電能』當作由電子搬運的盒子
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If we visualize the potential energy as boxes that are attached to
可以看到當電子通過燈泡時
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the charged particles, then we will see that
電能轉換成光(能)
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this energy is converted into light as the particles pass through the bulb.
電子在通過電池時
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The charged particles regain their potential energy
重新獲得電能(電壓)
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as they move through the battery, which pushes
讓電子重新達到較高的電位
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the charged particles to the higher potential.
當電池內部的能量耗盡
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When the energy inside the battery is depleted,
電池將無法再產生電位能(電壓)
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the battery will no longer be able to create
也就是所謂的電壓
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this potential energy which we call voltage.
電池在耗盡前會
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A battery that has not yet been depleted ensures that
會確保它的二端 總是維持特定的電壓值
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the voltage between its two terminals is always at a specific value.
若我們將許多電池並聯
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If we place several batteries with the same voltage together in parallel,
就可以儲存(提供)更多電能
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then this will result in more energy that is stored,
讓整體的使用時間延長
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and this will give us more time before the battery is depleted.
若將電池串聯
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If we instead place these batteries in series,
會使其電能(電壓)增加
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this will cause their voltages to add,
使電子獲得更多的電能
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resulting in a much higher potential energy for each charged particle.
通過燈泡的電壓增加
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A higher voltage across the light bulb means
意味著通過的電流變大
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that a higher current will pass through it.
這會使燈泡發出更多的光
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This will cause far more light to be emitted by the light bulb, but
這也表示電池的耗損會更快
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it will also mean that the energy in the batteries will be depleted much faster.
更多關於電壓,電流,電路
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Much more detailed information about
的詳細內容及影片
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voltage, current, and electric circuits is
請瀏覽此頻道
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available in the other videos on this channel.