the US government commissioned a group of 100 freelance photographers to document life

美國政府委託100名自由攝影師記錄生活。

in the US. With a particular focus on the environment. And on the pollution and waste

在美國。特別關注環境問題。以及汙染和浪費的問題

that ended up in our rivers and streams and lakes. These photos captured the unregulated

最終流入我們的河流、溪流和湖泊。這些照片拍下了無節制的

dumping of industrial waste into these waters, marring

向這些水域傾倒工業廢物，破壞了這些水域的環境。

their natural beauty. It helped the public see what a serious problem water

他們的自然之美。它幫助公眾看到了一個多麼嚴重的問題，水。

had become in the US. And show why one of the country's first environmental laws

曾在美國成為。並說明為什麼我國最早的一部環保法。

in 1972 was the Clean Water Act, a law that gave federal protection to

1972年的《清潔水法》，該法給予聯邦保護。

US waterways from pollution from industries like mining, oil and gas extraction, real-

美國的水道受到採礦、石油和天然氣開採等行業的汙染，真實地反映了美國人的生活方式。

estate developers, municipal waste agencies and agriculture. But the US has millions of

房地產開發商、城市垃圾處理機構和農業。但美國有數百萬人

miles of waterways and which specific

英里的水路，以及哪些具體的

waterways get this protection has been a major source of disagreement between

水道得到這種保護的問題，一直是雙方意見分歧的主要根源。

the past two Presidents. And nowhere is this disagreement

過去兩任總統。而這種分歧沒有一處是

felt more, than in the state of New Mexico.

感受到了更多，比在新墨西哥州。

We need everything we have in our power to protect our water, for drinking, for habitat

我們需要盡我們的力量來保護我們的水，用於飲用，用於棲息地。

and really for growing food

而真正用於種植糧食

And as we say here in New Mexico "El agua es vida." "Water is life."

就像我們在新墨西哥州說的那樣 "El agua es vida."(水就是生命)"水就是生命"

This is a map of the rivers that run through New Mexico.

這是一張流經新墨西哥州的河流地圖。

The Rio Grande Valley is the main artery of New Mexico. Many people depend on it for drinking

格蘭德河谷是新墨西哥州的主要動脈。許多人依靠它來飲用

water, for irrigation, for recreation and

水、灌溉、娛樂和其他用途。

for spiritual values.

為精神價值。

Behind me is the Rio Fernando.

我身後就是里約費爾南多河。

It starts in the Carson National Forest

它從卡森國家森林開始

and it comes down all the way through the town of Taos and it continues through the

它一路向下，通過陶斯鎮，並繼續通過。

valleys where food is grown and it meets up with the Rio Pueblo, which then eventually

谷地，糧食在那裡生長，並與里約普韋布洛匯合，然後最終與里約普韋布洛匯合

spills into the Rio Grande. It's an important river for birding, for habitat, for irrigation,

溢出到格蘭德河。這條河對觀鳥、對棲息地、對灌溉都很重要。

for our farms and for drinking water, too. For the town of Taos. We are sitting alongside

為我們的農場和飲用水，也。為了陶斯鎮我們正坐在旁邊

the Santa Fe River in the city of Santa Fe. Santa Fe River is basically the lifeblood

聖菲河在聖菲市。聖達菲河基本上是生命線

of northern New Mexico, especially the county of Santa Fe, and it is a source of drinking

在新墨西哥州北部，特別是聖菲縣，它是飲用水的來源。

water for over 80,000 people. On a map, these rivers all look like blue lines but in

8萬多人的用水。在地圖上，這些河流看起來都像藍色的線條，但在地圖上

real life, they have some major differences. Some are perennial, meaning they flow year-round,

現實生活中，它們有一些重大的區別。有的是多年生的，也就是常年流動的。

all the time. That describes the Rio Grande river. Some are ephemeral, meaning they flow

一直都是這是對格蘭德河的描述。有些河流是短暫的，意思是說它們流淌著

as the result of precipitation; or intermittent meaning they only flow for part of the year.

由於降水的結果；或間歇性的意思是它們只在一年中的部分時間流動。

The Santa Fe river and the Rio Fernando are both combinations of these two types.

聖菲河和費爾南多河都是這兩種類型的組合。

Most major rivers in the US are perennial. But some regions, like the arid American West,

美國的大部分主要河流都是常年性的。但有些地區，比如干旱的美國西部。

have a lot more ephemeral and intermittent water sources, than perennial.

有更多的短暫和間歇性的水源，比常年。

A lot of our river flow is dependent on snowmelt

我們的河水很多都是靠融雪來流的

and to a lesser degree, our monsoon rains that that come in the summer. These

而在較小程度上，我們的季風雨是在夏天來的。這些

water types are basic ecological markers that help scientists classify streams and rivers.

水類型是幫助科學家對溪流和河流進行分類的基本生態標誌。

But over the past several years, they've become a political distinction that determines

但在過去的幾年裡，他們已經成為一種政治上的區別，決定了他們的命運。

what gets protected and what doesn't. After the Clean Water Act went into effect

哪些會受到保護，哪些不會。在《清潔水法》生效後

in 1972, the assumption was that waters of the United States, although vague,

在1972年的時候，人們認為美國的水域雖然模糊不清。

meant all types of water would be protected. And it made it a

意味著所有類型的水都將受到保護。而且它使它成為一個

prosecutable offense for industries to pollute or degrade waterways unless they got explicit

除非得到明確的許可，否則工業界汙染或惡化水道的行為將被起訴。

permission through a permit. But a pair of Supreme court cases in 2001 and 2006, brought

通過許可證獲得許可。但最高法院在2001年和2006年的兩起案件中，帶來的是

by real estate developers and municipal waste agencies

由房地產開發商和城市垃圾處理機構

started making exceptions for which water bodies could be protected, like

開始對可以保護的水體做出例外規定，如

some wetlands and ponds. This stripping of

一些溼地和池塘。這種剝離

protections prompted the Obama administration, in 2015, to release this massive,

保護，促使奧巴馬政府在2015年，發佈了這一大規模。

400-page report, based on 1,200 peer-reviewed studies on how watersheds work. The report

400頁的報告，基於1,200項關於流域如何運作的同行審查研究。該報告

laid out something important about how these types of water sources interact with each

闡述了這些類型的水源如何相互作用的重要內容。

other. In a watershed, like this. Where a perennial water source may be a primary waterway.

其他。在一個流域，像這樣。的地方，多年生水源可能是一條主要的水道。

But ephemeral and intermittent streams and rivers feed into it. And surrounding wetlands

但偶發性和間歇性的溪流和河流匯入其中。而周圍的溼地

are either connected on the surface through flooding, or under the surface, through groundwater.

要麼通過洪水在地表連接，要麼通過地下水在地表下連接。

This whole watershed acts like a sponge, expanding and contracting with the volume of water,

這整個流域就像一塊海綿，隨著水量的膨脹和收縮。

and sharing organisms, nutrients and pollutants. Basically the different types of waterways

並共享生物、營養物質和汙染物。基本上不同類型的水道

are all connected. And if you dump pollution in one part of

都是相通的。如果你把汙染傾倒在一個地方

the system, it will eventually make its way to other parts.

系統，它最終會進入其他部分。

This report informed the Obama Administration's Clean Water Rule, which established that all

該報告為奧巴馬政府的《清潔水規則》提供了資訊，該規則規定所有的

of these waters should be protected under the Clean Water Act, because they promote

這些水體應根據《清潔水法》加以保護，因為它們促進了以下方面的發展

the health of all water. But in 2020, to appease industry

全水的健康。但在2020年，為了安撫行業

leaders, the Trump administration finalized

領導人，特朗普政府最終確定了

a rule that reversed Obama's Clean Water Rule, and excluded

顛覆奧巴馬的《清潔水規則》的規則，並排除了《清潔水規則》。

intermittent, ephemeral, and isolated wetlands from federal protection.

間歇性、短暫性和孤立的溼地，不受聯邦保護；

The dirty water rule. It's so much easier to call it that because it is taking away

髒水規則。它是如此更容易調用它，因為它是奪走了

90 percent of the protections in New Mexico.

新墨西哥州90%的保護措施。

Trump's ruling means that there's no more federal protection

特朗普的裁決意味著沒有聯邦保護了

for more than 2 million miles of US rivers

為美國200多萬英里的河流提供服務

and streams, which ultimately flow into other water bodies. As well as more than half

和溪流，最終流入其他水體。以及一半以上的

of all remaining wetlands in the country, roughly 56 million acres, water bodies that

佔全國所有剩餘溼地的比例，約5600萬畝，水體的

help prevent

有助於防止

flooding and serve as a wildlife habitat for migrating birds. And because

洪水，並作為候鳥的野生動物棲息地。而且由於

there's no penalty for polluters in these waters,

在這些水域中，對汙染者沒有懲罰。

it means that the cost of cleaning up pollution

這意味著清理汙染的成本

will now fall on local and state governments. This is an affront to every single county

現在將落在地方和州政府身上。這是對每個縣的侮辱

commissioner throughout the United States...who has to clean their water. The more money they

專員在美國各地... ...誰必須清潔他們的水。他們的錢越多

have to spend on cleaning their water, the more taxes they have to raise to take care

要花錢清潔他們的水，更多的稅收，他們必須提高照顧。

of their constituents... Some states lose more protection than

的選民...有些州失去的保護比

others, like in northern New Mexico, where a

另一些地方，比如在新墨西哥州北部，在那裡，有很多人都是在新墨西哥州。

watershed like this one,

像這樣的分水嶺。

lost protection on more than 55% of its wetland acres, and 63%

55%以上的溼地面積失去保護，63%的溼地面積失去保護。

of its protection of streams and rivers. And across the state, up to 90% of waterways lost

其對溪流和河流的保護。而在全州範圍內，高達90%的水道失去了。

protection because of this new rule.

由於這一新規則，保護。

So when those federal protections are taken away we do not have a state structure or regulation

所以，當這些聯邦保護被取消後，我們就沒有了州的結構和法規。

in place to fill that gap. And that leaves our waters really at risk to unregulated dumping

以填補這一空白。而這讓我們的水域真正面臨著無管制傾倒的風險。

in the wake of this rule.

在這一規則出臺後，。

Lots and lots of threatened and endangered birds live

很多很多受威脅和瀕臨滅絕的鳥類生活在這裡。

here on this property and all up and down the Rio Fernando.

這裡的財產和所有上下里奧費爾南多。

It's a devastating impact to our community, to New Mexico.

這對我們的社區，對新墨西哥州都是毀滅性的影響。

The fate of which waterways get protection under the Clean Water Act now lies with the

哪些水道能得到《清潔水法》的保護，現在取決於政府。

Biden administration, Which is likely to overturn the Trump administration rule, and revert

拜登政府很可能會推翻特朗普政府的規則，並恢復

back to the stricter protections from the Obama era, based on

回到奧巴馬時代更嚴格的保護，基於。

the science of the 2015 water report. But that won't be without a legal fight from

2015年水報告的科學性。但是，這不會沒有法律鬥爭，從

the industries that have a lot to gain from looser protections.

寬鬆的保護措施會給這些行業帶來很多好處。

The dirty water rule was supported by polluters... And I imagine that they're going to fight

髒水規則得到了汙染者的支持... ...我猜想，他們將與之鬥爭

to ensure that this rule makes it into the next administration's priorities. We worked

以確保這項規則被納入下一屆政府的優先事項。我們努力

so hard since the 1970's to clean up our rivers, it's just shame to take these steps

自七十年代以來，我們一直在努力清理我們的河流，只是可惜了這些步驟。

backwards in protecting our nation's waters.

在保護我們國家的水域方面出現了倒退。