we haven't been able to think with sufficient clarity about the difficulties in our past,

我們對過去的困難還不能有足夠清晰的思考。

typically in our distant childhoods. Damaging incidents have been locked away, and continue

通常在我們遙遠的童年。破壞性的事件已經被鎖定，並繼續

to have an outsized impact on us, but we have no way of going back over them in order to

對我們產生巨大的影響，但我們沒有辦法回過頭去看它們，以便。

liberate ourselves from their distorting influences.

把我們自己從他們的扭曲影響中解放出來。

At the dawn of therapy, Sigmund Freud noticed that many patients, when asked about their

在治療之初，西格蒙德-弗洛伊德就注意到，許多病人在被問及他們的。

childhoods, provided accounts that were too neat, too intellectual, too distanced from

童年，提供了太過整潔、太過知識化、太過遙遠的描述。

the emotion contained in events to be of any use. In order to encourage more real feeling,

事件中所包含的情感才有用武之地。為了鼓勵更多的真實感受。

he made a radical innovation: he asked if his patients might lie on a couch, shut their

他做了一個激進的創新：他問他的病人是否可以躺在沙發上，閉上眼睛。

eyes and enter a dreamy state that he called 'free association'. He soon found that

眼，進入一種被他稱為 "自由聯想 "的夢境。他很快發現

these patients recovered far faster than those who insisted on sitting in chairs. As a result,

這些病人的康復速度遠遠快於那些堅持坐在椅子上的病人。是以。

there are now couches in therapy rooms around the world – and the past has for many of

現在世界各地的治療室裡都有沙發--而過去對許多人來說都是如此。

us been a lot easier to access.

我們已經很容易訪問。

Then, in the early 1990s, an American psychologist called Francine Shapiro became fascinated,

然後，在20世紀90年代初，一位叫弗朗辛-夏皮羅的美國心理學家開始著迷。

as Freud had been, with the damage done in therapy by our tendencies to intellectualise

如同弗洛伊德一樣，我們的智力化傾向在治療中造成了損害。

the past rather than re-live it. Not coincidentally, Shapiro was at work on a PhD in English literature

過去，而不是重溫它。不巧的是，夏皮羅當時正在攻讀英國文學的博士學位

which drew her attention to a key difference between the methods of the non-fiction essay

這讓她注意到了非虛構類文章方法的一個重要區別

and those of the novel.

和小說的那些。

In the former, an author provides neat summaries of positions and emotions: they might tell

在前者，作者提供了整齊的立場和情感的總結：他們可能會告訴你

us that their mother was often 'sad' and their father 'frightening'. But novelists

他們的母親經常 "悲傷"，他們的父親 "可怕"。但小說家

do something very different, they provide us with 'scenes': they don't state,

做了一些非常不同的事情，他們為我們提供了 "場景"：他們沒有說明。

they show. They take us to a particular moment and let us experience it vividly through our

它們所表現的。它們把我們帶到一個特定的時刻，讓我們通過我們的經歷生動地體驗到

senses.

...感官。

With this distinction in mind, Shapiro wondered if patients in therapy could become more like

考慮到這種區別，夏皮羅想知道，治療中的病人是否可以變得更像。

novelists of their childhoods rather than just their non-fiction narrators. And it was

他們童年的小說家，而不僅僅是他們的非小說敘述者。而這是

here that she stumbled on a remarkable phenomenon. When we are asked to perform a repetitive

在這裡，她偶然發現了一個顯著的現象。當我們被要求執行一個重複的...

movement – like tapping gently on our knees or our chests from left to right or look at

動作--比如從左到右輕輕敲打我們的膝蓋或胸口，或者看著

a finger moving from side to side a few inches from our eyes – then our ordinary practical

一根手指在離我們眼睛幾英寸的地方左右移動--然後我們的普通實用的

day to day mentality often cedes to a more trance-like, speculative state of consciousness

日有所思，日有所想，常常讓位於更恍惚、更投機的意識狀態。

(something similar can occur when we are on a long train journey in a quiet carriage and

當我們在一個安靜的車廂裡進行長途旅行時，也會發生類似的事情。

follow a line of telephone poles flashing past us). In this state, if we are asked to

跟著一排電話杆從我們身邊閃過）。)在這種狀態下，如果要求我們

think back to a scene in our past, we may remember an emotional texture that would previously

回想過去的一個場景，我們可能會想起以前的一個情感質感，會

have eluded us; we become more like novelists than essayists.

我們變得更像小說家而不是散文家。

This special state became the bedrock of what Shapiro termed EMDR therapy (Eye Movement

這種特殊的狀態成為夏皮羅所說的EMDR療法（眼動療法）的基石。

Desensitization and Reprocessing therapy). The EMDR therapist, entirely loyal to Freud's

Desensitization and Reprocessing therapy）。)EMDR治療師，完全忠於弗洛伊德的。

basic insight about the need to bring traumatic scenes back to conscious awareness, invites

關於需要將創傷性場景恢復到有意識的認識的基本見解，邀

patients to return to key scenes that make them who they now are, often scenes of great

病人回到使他們成為現在的他們的關鍵場景，往往是偉大的場景。

difficulty: their first night at boarding school, the day their mother told them about

困難：他們在寄宿學校的第一個晚上，母親告訴他們的那天。

the divorce, the moment they were humiliated by a stranger. They are helped to linger in

離婚，他們被陌生人羞辱的那一刻。他們被幫助在

the past, to experience it in all its dimensions. The patient might cry in a way they haven't

過去，體驗它的所有層面。病人可能會以一種前所未有的方式哭泣

in years – if ever.

年--如果有的話。

But the idea is not to abandon a younger self in one of the most difficult moments of their

但我們的想法是，不要在年輕的自己最困難的時刻拋棄他們。

lives, it's to help them find a way out of their pain. So an EMDR therapist might,

生活，是為了幫助他們找到擺脫痛苦的方法。所以EMDR治療師可能會：

after a time back in a foundational 'scene', ask the patient what they might want to tell

在回到一個基礎的 "場景 "後，問病人他們可能想告訴

their younger self; they might want to comfort them, to encourage them to be angry, to help

他們可能想要安慰他們，鼓勵他們生氣，幫助

them stop taking all the blame. Before initiating a session of time travel, the EMDR therapist

他們不再承擔所有的責任。在啟動時間旅行的療程之前，EMDR治療師

will also ask a patient to identify both someone who gives them support and someone who is

也會要求病人找出給他們支持的人和一個是

wise. These two characters will then be asked to enter an early traumatic scene to give

聰明的。這兩個角色就會被要求進入一個早期的創傷性場景，給

it a new, more redemptive ending. A current loving partner might be asked to comfort a

一個新的、更有救贖力的結局。目前的愛侶可能會被要求去安慰一個人。

child-self; Winnicott, the Buddha or Plato might say a few words to an angry father or

孩子的自我；溫尼科特，佛陀或柏拉圖可能會對一個憤怒的父親或說幾句話。

weeping mother.

哭泣的母親。

In this way, EMDR honours the traditional ambitions of therapy: it renders conscious

這樣一來，EMDR尊重了傳統治療的雄心壯志：它將有意識的

feelings that had been shut away, and it liberates us from the influence of the past through

它把我們從過去的影響中解脫出來，通過我們自己的努力，讓我們從過去的影響中解脫出來。

a deeper understanding of its secrets. But it has the added advantage of allowing us

深入瞭解它的祕密。但它還有一個好處，就是讓我們

to reconnect with our histories via sensorily-rich scenes rather than analytical summaries. In

通過富含感官的場景而不是分析性的總結，重新與我們的歷史建立聯繫。在

this way, the world can become less oppressive and fear laden, as our formative moments are

這樣一來，世界就可以減少壓迫和恐懼，因為我們的成長時刻是

unearthed, understood and properly laid to rest.

被髮掘、被理解、被妥善安葬。

"Psychotherapy" is a set of 20 beautiful cards, each containing a short essay on a key concept in psychotherapy;

"心理治療 "是一套20張精美的卡片，每張卡片上都有一篇關於心理治療中一個重要概念的短文。

creating a pack that offers a perfect introduction to the concept.

創建一個包，提供一個完美的概念介紹。