Alcohol. Alcohol is a powerful drug.

酒精。酒精是一種效果很強的藥。

It contains ethanol, the most common type of alcohol that helps to reduce tension and inhibition in a person.

它包含乙醇，也就是最常見的一種酒精，它可以幫助人們減少緊張感和拘束感。

It works by dilating small blood vessels near the skin hence causing the person to become red, warm and feel comfortable.

它透過擴張靠近皮膚的微血管來讓人變得通紅、溫暖並且感到舒服。

Initially, the alcohol affects the brain's motor center, cerebellum and the medulla oblongata resulting in a person's poor coordination and balance, sluggish reflexes, change in behavior, and loss of memory, slowing of speech, increased rate of heartbeat and breathing.

一開始，酒精影響著大腦的運動神經中樞、小腦和延腦，導致人的協調性和平衡感變差、反應遲緩、行為改變，並且失去記憶、講話變慢、心跳和呼吸速率提升。

Large amounts of alcohol can even lead to coma or death.

大量的酒精甚至能導致昏迷或死亡。

Long-term effects for the alcohol addicts include malnutrition and damage to heart muscles, stomach disorders like ulcers and gastritis, the liver is not able to detoxify blood or process nutrients due to liver cirrhosis.

酒精成癮長期下來的影響包含心肌的營養不良和損壞、胃潰瘍和胃炎等胃病、肝硬化致使肝臟失去排解血液中的毒素或是處理營養素的功能。

Other medicines interact negatively with alcohol so any side medication can be harmful.

其它藥物有可能和酒精產生不良反應，因此任何副藥物都可能造成傷害。

Social and personal problems in life are likely to happen due to the addiction.

社交和個人生活中的問題也可能因為酒精成癮而產生。

If consumed during pregnancy, fetal abnormalities and miscarriages can occur such as reduced physical and mental development, mental retardation, birth defects.

如果在懷孕中攝取酒精，可能導致胎兒畸形、流產、生理和心理發展不完全、智力遲緩和先天缺陷。

Driving while intoxicated is illegal worldwide.

在全世界酒駕都是不合法的。

Alcohol consumption slows reflex time and blurs the vision of the driver.

酒精攝取會讓駕駛反應變慢和視線模糊。

This would then lead to an overall poor judgment of the driver, resulting in fatal road accidents.

這會導致駕駛判斷能力變差並造成致命的車禍。

Tobacco. Tobacco smoking is habit-forming.

菸草。吸菸是習慣的養成。

The smoke drawn into the lung consists of nicotine, carbon monoxide, tar and other harmful substances.

吸入肺部的煙包含尼古丁、一氧化碳、焦油和其它有害物質。

This is why there is a strong link between the act of smoking and respiratory diseases.

這也是為什麼吸菸和呼吸的疾病非常相關。

Nicotine is a stimulant found commonly in tobacco and is responsible for causing most of the chemical changes in the body.

尼古丁是一種菸草中常見的刺激物，而它也是造成身體大多數化學變化的主因。

Short-term effects of tobacco smoking include an increased heart rate and blood pressure.

吸菸的短期影響包含心跳速率和血壓的提升。

Tar in the smoke affects the mucous membranes of respiratory systems.

菸草中的焦油影響著呼吸系統中的黏膜。

This is why smokers cough because they try to clear their respiratory tract.

這也是為什麼吸菸者會咳嗽，因為他們試著清空他們的呼吸道。

Carbon monoxide damages the lining of blood vessels while increasing fatty deposits on the walls.

一氧化碳在血管內壁增加脂肪沉積物的同時破壞血管內膜。

Nicotine causes blood vessels to constrict which leads to heart diseases.

尼古丁造成血管收縮並導致心臟疾病。

In small amounts, it stimulates the adrenal gland to be active.

少量的尼古丁可以刺激腎上腺。

Smokers may feel nervous and tense for no reason.

吸菸者可能會沒來由地感到緊張或緊繃。

New smokers can experience nicotine poisoning, whose symptoms include dizziness, vomiting, clammy skin and even fainting spells.

新手吸菸者可能會經歷尼古丁中毒，其症狀包含暈眩、嘔吐、皮膚濕黏甚至是暫時失去知覺。

The long-term use of tobacco smoking can cause breathing problems like bronchitis, asthma, emphysema, heart disease and lung cancer.

長期吸菸下來可能會產生呼吸問題，像是支氣管炎、氣喘、肺氣腫、心臟疾病和肺癌。

Emphysema causes thinning or destruction of alveoli in our lungs.

肺氣腫會導致我們肺部的肺泡變薄或是遭到破壞。

Tar stains teeth and fingers and can deposit in the lungs, leading to growth of cancerous cells.

焦油會將我們的牙齒和手指染色並會堆積在肺部，進而導致癌細胞的成長。

Other chemical irritants in the smoke cause narrowing of air passages.

菸草中的其它化學刺激物會導致呼吸道變窄。

Smoke addiction may lead to social and personal problems.

吸菸成癮可能會導致社交和個人問題。

If the addicts are pregnant women, babies are smaller at birth and there is an increased risk of miscarriage, still birth and infant death.

如果吸菸成癮者懷孕了，她們的嬰兒在出生時會比較小，並且有比較高的流產機率、死產和早夭。