The designer uses wearable, flexible plastic

設計師用耐穿、具延展性的塑膠

to create incredible detail and volume in her clothes.

在這服裝創造出極佳的細部表現和質感。

This is a 3D printed tracheal brace.

這是個3D列印的氣管支架。

Doctors from the University of Michigan created custom support

密西根大學的醫生客製化這氣管支架

for the airway of a baby who was born unable to breathe on his own,

給出生後無法自行呼吸的寶寶，

Its made from bio-adsorbent plastic,

它是由生物吸收性凝膠製成，

so it will disolve over time as his airway reforms around it.

當寶寶的呼吸道有所改善，支架會逐漸分解。

And this is a 3D printed prosthetic leg.

這是3D列印的義肢。

The designer, Scott Summit uses resin and plastic and metal,

設計師Scott Summit 用樹脂、塑膠和金屬

to craft tremendously personal designs.

打造出極具個人化的設計。

They go way past the idea of just replacing a limb,

他們做的遠勝於取代失去的肢體，

and become an expression of individuality.

變成是一種個人特色的表現。

These 3 projects are examples of the best thing about a 3D printer,

以上三個企劃示範了3D列印的優點

and that's really saying something

也傳達了一些訊息。

because there are a lot of amazing things about a 3D printer.

因為3D列印機實在令人驚喜

A 3D printer can make something very accurately.

3D印製物品非常精確、

It can make it very fast,

非常快速、

it can make it with very little material and very little energy,

使用很少的素材，消耗非常少能源，

and it can make it exactly when and where you need it.

還可以隨時隨地配合你的需求。

But it can do more than that.

但它能做的不只這些。

A 3D printer is more than a 3D photocopier,

3D列印機不只可以立體複印，

at its best it does not copy,

最棒的也不在於複印，

it makes something that has never existed before.

而是創造出前所未有的物品。

So the dress, the airway brace, and the prosthetic leg,

那件洋裝、氣管支架和義肢

the key to those innovations is that their authors saw the 3D printer

創新的關鍵在於他們的創作者

as more than a manufacturing device,

不是把3D列印機視為生產設備，

as more than a replicator.

不是視為複印機。

They asked themselves,

他們問自己，

"What can I do with this tool, that has never been possible before?"

"用這樣的工具我能做 哪些以前不可能辦到的事?"

We asked ourselves a similar question a couple of years ago,

幾年前我們曾問過類似的問題。

we had promised to make our friend Chelsea a cake for her birthday.

當時我們答應為朋友雀喜烤一個生日蛋糕，

And as the day approached, we went shopping

當她生日快到時，我們買了所有食材

to get all the ingredients to bake it from scratch,

打算從零開始。

and we brought them home and unpacked all the groceries

我們把東西扛回住所，打開包裝，

in our tiny graduate studio apartment that we had just moved into.

在一間剛搬進去的狹小研究生公寓。

And as we were standing there in the kitchen,

當我們站在廚房時，

we suddenly realized, that we actually didn't own an oven.

才驚覺...我們並沒有烤箱。

(Laughter)

(笑聲)

We didn't own an oven but we did own a 3D printer.

我們沒有烤箱，但是有3D列印機。

And so, naturally, we wondered,

所以，很自然地，我們開始猜想

"Would it be possible to just 3D print her a cake instead?"

"有可能為她3D列印一個蛋糕嗎?"

And we tried, and we tried recipe after recipe,

我們開始嘗試，試驗各種食譜

and using every kind of sugar that we could find

使用各種能找得到的糖，

mixed together in every ratio that we could think of,

用所有想得到的比例混和，

and after months of that experimentation

經過數月的實驗，

that actually lasted well past her actual birthday,

在她的生日老早就過了之後，

we finally managed to 3D print Chelsea a tiny cupcake topper

我們終於成功為雀喜列印了 一個小小的杯子蛋糕裝飾，

that spelled her name in cursive sugar.

用彎曲的糖拼出她的名字。

She loved it and we realized that

她很喜歡這裝飾，而我們也意識到

other people would probably love this too.

其他人可能也會喜歡。

So when we graduated about a year ago, we founded the sugar lab,

所以大約一年前畢業後，我們成立了一間糖研究室，

a custom design firm for 3D printed sugar.

一間3D列印客製化糖品的設計公司。

Using the same process that we had developed

使用列印雀喜蛋糕裝飾時

for Chelsea's cupcake topper,

發展出的相同步驟，

and that process is actually really simple at its core.

步驟基本上非常簡單，

Its essentially just adding water to sugar.

就是把糖加水。

So if you've ever made frosting, and left the bowl in the sink overnight,

如果把製做糖霜的碗丟在水槽一整晚，

you know that the next morning

你就會知道隔天早上

the bowl is gonna be impossible to scrape out.

是不可能把碗裡的糖霜刮乾淨的。

And thats because when you add water to sugar it solidifies,

因為糖加了水之後便會凝固。

we just add the water in a very precise way.

而我們只是用非常精準的方式加水。

Liz von Hasseln: Here's how we do that.

以下是我們的做法。

We start with a digital,

我們一開始先畫出

3 dimensional model of the object we'd like to 3d print in sugar.

想用糖3D列印的立體數位模型，

We run that model through software that slices it into layers.

之後，用軟體將模型分成不同的圖層，

These layers will be fed to the 3d printer one at a time,

再一次傳一張圖層給列印機，

starting with the very bottom one.

從最底部開始印。

When that happens the printer spreads out a very fine layer of sugar,

列印時，機器先撒上一層非常細的糖。

and it uses an inkjet printhead just like the one you would find

用的是和一般噴墨印表機

in your desktop 2D printer,

一模一樣的噴頭，

to paint that bottom most crosssection of the object,

均勻噴灑底部平面

onto the layer of sugar, only using water instead of ink.

再用水，而不是墨水，覆蓋在糖上面

Then the printer spreads another very fine layer of sugar

然後機器會在第一層上面再撒上

on top of the first one,

另一層非常薄的糖

and it paints the next cross section with water.

再用水覆蓋在第二層平面上。

And it repeats this often many thousands of times,

這樣的步驟通常重複上千次

until every layer of the object has been printed,

直到每一層平面都列印完成。

one on top of the other,

一層接著另一層，

from the very bottom layer, up to the very top layer.

從最底層到最上層。

At that point the digital model that a few hours earlier

此時，數小時前

we could only look at on our computer screen

還只能在電腦螢幕上看的數位模型，

has been printed layer by layer

已經被一層一層地列印，

into a physical, material sugar object.

變成一個摸得到、有形的成品，

This particular sugar object we designed as a cake topper,

這個我們設計成為蛋糕裝飾的獨特成品，

which makes this essentially 3d printed frosting.

基本上就是3D列印的糖霜。

But you can tell right away that this frosting

但你立刻就會發現

is doing something different,

這糖霜其實與眾不同。

now the frosting can be structural

現在，糖霜可以像建築結構，

it can be sculptural,

可以是雕刻品，

it can be geometric and mathematically precise.

可以是幾何圖形，而且數目精確，

It can be intricately perforated,

可以有複雜的鏤空，

or it can just look like a duck.

或是看起來像一隻小鴨。

(Laughter)

(笑聲)

This frosting can basically look like almost anything you can think of

基本上，糖霜可以看起來像任何你能想到的東西，

and it can be used in as many ways.

而且可以有多種用途。

So you can 3D print custom sugar party favors,

所以你可以客製列印喜愛的派對糖品，

or crazy little curly sugar cubes for your coffee.

或是加咖啡的古怪捲曲小糖球，

Or later in the day, you can print a sugar lattice

或是在傍晚時分，你可以列印個糖格子

to complete a cocktail recipe.

來搭配你的雞尾酒配方。

Sugar, when it's 3D printed, can also start to really exceed

藉著3D列印，糖開始超越一般

its usual roles of decoration and sweetening.

裝飾和增甜劑的角色。

This is a wedding cake we designed with Charm City Cakes in Hollywood.

這是和好萊塢的魅力城市蛋糕店 一起設計的婚禮蛋糕。

And you can see that once the sugar becomes this structural material,

你會發現，一旦糖變得像建築結構，

it can start to define or even support the form of the cake itself.

便可以用來凸顯或支撐蛋糕本身。

In this case we decided to 3D print the actual cake stand in sugar,

在這案子，我們決定設計成 蛋糕佇立在糖當中，

in addition to the topper, and other decorations,

除了蛋糕頂飾和其他裝飾外，

which is not something you can usually choose to do with frosting.

通常不太有機會可以用糖霜這樣做。

That's been the most exciting part for us,

這部份最讓我們感到興奮，

expanding what's possible,

擴展一切可能，

pushing the technology of 3D printing into a completely new genre,

將3D列印科技推進到一個全新的範疇

and looking for what it can do there that couldn't be done before.

追尋過去不可能的可能。

What's important to us

今天所展示的這些糖

about the sugar parts we've shown you today,

對我們而言重要的並不是

isn't that they're beautiful, but that they were so recently impossible.

它們很漂亮，而是它們 在不久前還不可能存在

We hope you see them as an invitation, maybe even a challenge.

希望你們可以將它們視為 一種邀請，甚至是種挑戰。

Take 3D printing and apply it somewhere else.

將3D列印應用在其他方面。

Bring it to a new design space, a new field, a new discipline.

將它帶到新的設計境界，新的領域，新的學科。

Bring it somewhere that's important to you,

帶到對你而言重要的事物上。

and see how it can expand what's possible there.

看看是否還有更多的可能。

That's the best thing about a 3D printer,

這就是3D列印最棒的地方，

you can use it to print something impossible.

列印過去不可能列印的東西。

Kyle and Liz: Thank you. (Applause)

謝謝。