Yet even though this disease affects hundreds of millions of people each year, it still doesn't have a cure.

然而，即使這種疾病每年影響著數以億計的人，它仍然沒有治癒的方法。

But of course, we're still looking.

但當然，我們還在尋找。

So in the meantime, keep those cop drops handy and, of course, keep on washing your hands.

所以在這段時間裡，把那些警用藥水帶在身邊，當然，還要繼續洗手。

Nobody likes to have a cold, but actually there's many different viruses that can cause the common cold.

誰都不喜歡感冒，但其實引起普通感冒的病毒有很多種。

My name is Ellen Fox Hman.

我的名字是Ellen Fox Hman.

I'm a faculty member at Yale University School of Medicine, and I have a research lab where we study respiratory viruses.

我是耶魯大學醫學院的一名教師，我有一個研究室，我們研究呼吸道病毒。

Ellen's right.

艾倫是對的

There are more than 200 different viruses that have been known to cause the common cold, but for now we'll be focusing on the biggest group, one that's responsible for over half of all colds.

已知有200多種不同的病毒會引起普通感冒，但現在我們要關注的是最大的一組，這組病毒會導致一半以上的感冒。

Called human rhinoviruses.

稱為人類鼻病毒。

These respiratory viruses are only 15 to 30 nanometers in diameter, making them some of the smallest viruses out there.

這些呼吸道病毒的直徑只有15到30納米，是目前最小的病毒之一。

And it's partly thanks to their genetic makeup that they're so good at replicating.

而它們之所以能如此善於複製，部分原因在於它們的基因構成。

Their genome is a very relatively small piece of RNA that Onley encodes about 10 different genes, but that is a very powerful tiny little particle.

他們的基因組是一塊非常相對較小的RNA，Onley編碼大約10個不同的基因，但這是一個非常強大的微小顆粒。

And it only needs those 10 genes because it uses a lot of the machinery that's already there inside your cells to make more copies of itself.

而它只需要這10個基因，因為它使用了很多已經存在於你細胞內的機器來製造更多的副本。

So it's really actually incredible that with on Lee, this very small piece of RNA, the virus is able Thio do what it does and caused millions of illnesses in our country every year.

所以，這真的是不可思議的，李，這個非常小的一塊RNA，病毒是能夠Thio做它所做的事情，並導致數百萬疾病在我們國家每年。

That's because human rhinoviruses, like most other respiratory viruses, travel via nasal secretions through the air like a sneeze or a surface called a phone Might, ah, phone might could be something like a keyboard or a door knob that could help spread the virus from one person to another.

這是因為人類鼻病毒，像大多數其他呼吸道病毒，通過鼻腔分泌物旅行通過空氣像一個噴嚏或表面稱為手機可能，啊，手機可能可能是像鍵盤或門把手，可以幫助傳播病毒從一個人到另一個。

From there, all it takes is for a contaminated hand to touch one of the bodies.

從那以後，只需要一隻被汙染的手接觸其中一具屍體就可以了。

Mucous membranes like the eyes, nose or mouth and bam!

粘膜，如眼睛、鼻子或嘴巴，然後咣噹一聲!

The viruses gained entry.

病毒獲得了進入。

Where this virus likes to grow is in the cells that form the lining of the airway, and it gets into those cells and it just takes over and starts making more copies and then putting out those copies.

這種病毒喜歡生長的地方是在形成氣道內膜的細胞中，它進入這些細胞後，就會接管並開始製造更多的拷貝，然後把這些拷貝放出去。

That's why you feel like your throat is so irritated and that's why you have the like.

所以你才會覺得自己的喉嚨很不舒服，所以才會有這樣的感覺。

Running, he knows, is because your body detects this irritation.

他知道，跑步，是因為你的身體檢測到了這種刺激。

This problem where some of the cells are getting killed or some of the cells are getting taken over soon after.

這個問題，有些細胞被殺死了，或者有些細胞很快就被接管了。

Infection, coughing, sneezing, headaches, mild fever and body aches can follow.

感染、咳嗽、打噴嚏、頭痛、輕度發燒和身體疼痛都會隨之而來。

And these symptoms may easily be confused with those of the flu.

而這些症狀可能很容易與流感的症狀相混淆。

But unlike the flu, where symptoms start quite suddenly, it could take a couple of days for cold symptoms to fully develop.

但不像流感，症狀開始得很突然，可能需要幾天時間，感冒症狀才能完全發展。

And they usually last anywhere from 7 to 14 days.

而它們通常會持續7到14天不等。

Now, as annoying as those average symptoms, maybe there's not much we can do about them.

現在，雖然這些一般的症狀很煩人，但也許我們也沒有什麼辦法。

While some therapies can help treat the symptoms, there's no cure all for the common cold.

雖然一些療法可以幫助治療症狀，但普通感冒並沒有完全治癒。

Basically, you're just stuck with it for a good week or so.

基本上，你只要堅持一個星期左右就好了。

And for the majority of people, this may just mean a couple of days and bet.

而對於大多數人來說，這可能只是意味著幾天的時間和賭注。

But for others, a rhinovirus infection could be quite serious.

但對其他人來說，鼻病毒感染可能相當嚴重。

For example, for people with asthma, especially kids with asthma.

比如，對於有哮喘的人，尤其是有哮喘的孩子。

Ah, huge amount of their asthma attacks are caused by rhinovirus or for people with chronic lung disease.

啊，大量的哮喘發作是由鼻病毒或慢性肺病患者引起的。

Ah, lot of the percentage of the time that they get in the hospital because their disease got worse is because of rhinovirus.

啊，很多因為病情惡化而進醫院的比例，都是因為鼻病毒。

And for those people, it would be very beneficial to have a great antiviral drug.

而對於這些人來說，如果能有一種很好的抗病毒藥物，將是非常有益的。

But it seems we're still a ways out from finding one.

但看來我們離找到一個人還有一段距離。

Ever since human rhinoviruses were first discovered in the 19 fifties, we've been trying to create vaccines and antivirals, but we just haven't had much success.

自從1950年代人類鼻病毒首次被發現以來，我們就一直在嘗試製造疫苗和抗病毒藥物，但就是沒有太大成功。

It's been a hard because there are many, many different variants of rhinovirus, and there's always new ones arising.

這很難，因為鼻病毒有很多很多不同的變種，而且總是有新的變種出現。

That means that the virus would be pretty adept to evade a vaccine or an antiviral drug.

也就是說，這種病毒會很善於躲避疫苗或抗病毒藥物。

But while we haven't been able to crack the cold just yet, its prevalence proves just how important preventative measures are.

但是，雖然我們還沒能破解感冒，但它的流行證明了預防措施是多麼重要。

So keep washing your hands.

所以要繼續洗手。

Avoid touching your face and clean surfaces around you often.

避免接觸面部，經常清潔周圍的表面。

Since it looks like the common cold will be with us for the long haul, try to figure out these natural defenses and how they work and just promote those defenses more often.

既然看起來普通感冒會長期伴隨著我們，那就試著搞清楚這些自然防禦系統，以及它們的工作原理，多宣傳這些防禦系統就好了。

Do what you need to dio thio.

做你該做的事dio thio。