Russia is a country that has a lot of serious problems.

俄羅斯是一個問題嚴重的國家。

Her ports are easy to blockade.

她的港口很容易被封鎖。

She's dealing with sanctions from taking over Crimea.

她在處理接管克里米亞的制裁。

She has numerous separatist movements going on across her internal borders, and her population has been declining for years.

她的國內邊界上有許多分離主義運動，她的人口多年來一直在下降。

But out of all of these problems, perhaps none are as big or as challenging as Russia's oldest problem alcoholism.

但在所有這些問題中，也許沒有一個問題像俄羅斯最古老的問題酗酒那樣大，也沒有一個問題具有挑戰性。

To say that Russia is fond of alcohol would be an enormous understatement.

如果說俄羅斯喜歡喝酒，那就太輕描淡寫了。

Legend has it that in the late 10th century, the pagan Russian Prince Vladimir the Great sent envoy's across the world to discover and bring back all of the major world religions for the Russians to choose from.

傳說在10世紀末，俄羅斯異教徒王子弗拉基米爾大帝派特使在世界各地發現並帶回世界各大宗教，供俄羅斯人選擇。

Once the buffet of religions were brought back to him, he supposedly rejected converting to Islam on the sole basis that it would prohibit his people from drinking the booze.

一旦把宗教的自助餐帶回給他，據說他拒絕改信伊斯蘭教，理由僅僅是這樣會禁止他的子民喝悶酒。

And so he chose Christianity instead.

於是他選擇了基督教，而不是。

Alcohol has always remained incredibly popular in Russia ever since, and it's often been a little too popular 10 years ago.

從此以後，酒精在俄羅斯始終保持著不可思議的流行，而10年前，它往往有些過於流行。

In 2010, a study was conducted by the World Health Organization, on which countries consume the most alcohol on a per capita basis.

2010年，世界衛生組織進行了一項研究，研究哪些國家的人均酒精消費量最大。

Of the top 10 countries on that list, nine of them are all located in Eastern Europe, and five of them are former Soviet states Ukraine, Russia, Lithuania, Moldova and Belarus.

在該榜單的前10名國家中，有9個國家都位於東歐，其中有5個是前蘇聯國家烏克蘭、俄羅斯、立陶宛、摩爾多瓦和白俄羅斯。

Russia, however, is a particularly bad case because she has the fourth highest per capita consumption of alcohol in the world.

然而，俄羅斯是一個特別糟糕的例子，因為她的人均酒精消費量是世界第四高。

But she also has 145 million people, meaning that a lot of people drink a lot of booze for context.

但她也有1.45億人，也就是說，很多人喝了很多酒的背景。

Average Russian adults were drinking over 50 18 leaders of alcohol per year.

俄羅斯成年人平均每年飲酒量超過50 18上司。

But the situation is vastly different for Russian women and Russian men.

但俄羅斯女性和俄羅斯男性的情況卻大不相同。

Russian men on average, were drinking farm or than women more like a ridiculous 26th leaders per man in the country.

俄羅斯男人平均，是喝農場或比女人更像一個可笑的26領導人在該國的每個男人。

Let's extrapolate this.

我們來推斷一下。

The average Russian man was drinking just over 26 liters of alcohol per year, and 51% of that amount were all spirits or liquor like vodka, which means that the average Russian man was throwing back around 23 shots of straight up liquor every single month in addition to around a full leader of beer or wine.

俄羅斯男子平均每年的飲酒量只有26升多，而其中51%都是烈酒或伏特加等酒類，也就是說，俄羅斯男子平均每個月除了喝滿領的啤酒或葡萄酒外，還得扔回23杯左右的直飲酒。

And this was just the amount of booze that the average Russian man was drinking.

而這只是俄羅斯普通男人的酒量。

There were millions of Russian men who were drinking much, much more to compare with other countries.

俄羅斯男人有幾百萬人，他們喝的多，多到可以和其他國家相比。

The average American adult was drinking just over nine liters of alcohol per year, and the average Japanese adult was drinking just over seven leaders, meaning that the average Russian man was drinking almost three times the amount of alcohol that the average American adult and nearly four times more than the average Japanese adult waas.

美國成年人平均每年的飲酒量只有9升多，日本成年人平均每年的飲酒量只有7領多，也就是說，俄羅斯男子的平均飲酒量幾乎是美國成年人平均飲酒量的3倍，是日本成年人平均飲酒量的近4倍waas。

The consequences of this much alcohol consumption have had enormous impacts on Russian society.

這種大量飲酒的後果對俄羅斯社會產生了巨大影響。

In 20 12/30 percent of every death in Russia was directly attributable to alcohol.

20年，俄羅斯每一個人的死亡中，有12/30%的人直接歸因於酒精。

And since men are the primary drinkers, Russian men are the ones who were the most severely affected.

而由於男性是主要的飲酒者，所以俄羅斯男性是受影響最嚴重的人。

Russian men have among the lowest life expectancies of anywhere in the world, and back in 2010, it was only 65 years, which is on a par with men in Afghanistan or South Africa, and was even lower than men in Sudan or Yemen.

俄羅斯男子的預期壽命是世界上最低的，早在2010年，俄羅斯男子的預期壽命只有65歲，與阿富汗或南非男子的預期壽命相當，甚至低於蘇丹或葉門男子。

Boys who were born in Russia in 2006 were estimated to have life expectancies that were a whopping 17 years lower than boys born in Western Europe.

據估計，2006年在俄羅斯出生的男孩，其預期壽命比在西歐出生的男孩低了17歲之多。

I made another video a while ago about how Russia's population is shrinking, which you can watch later.

前段時間我又做了一個視頻，講的是俄羅斯的人口如何萎縮，大家以後可以看。

But suffice to say, the alcoholism epidemic.

但可以說，酒精中毒的流行。

And it's effects on shortening men's life spans to almost a decade less than women in the country has not than helping.

而它對縮短男性壽命到比國內女性少近十年的影響不比幫助。

Alcoholism and alcohol related deaths have almost always been a significant problem in Russia.

在俄羅斯，酗酒和與酒精有關的死亡幾乎一直是一個嚴重的問題。

But the problem became the worst it's ever been in the immediate aftermath of the collapse of the USSR in the 19 nineties.

但這個問題在1990年代蘇聯解體後立即成為最嚴重的問題。

Within a few years of the collapse, the former countries of the USSR lost approximately 40% of their Soviet era GDP, and the ruble lost 99% of its value against the US dollar.

在崩潰後的幾年內，前蘇聯各國損失了約40%的蘇聯時代的GDP，盧布對美元的價值也損失了99%。

It was a complete economic catastrophe for Russia and all of the former Soviet states, and many began to turn to drinking in order to cope.

這對俄羅斯和所有前蘇聯國家來說，都是一場徹底的經濟災難，很多人開始轉而喝酒來應對。

This wasn't helped by the fact that the price of vodka across the former USSR collapsed in the same way the country itself did, According to another paper that was published in 2010.

根據2010年發表的另一篇論文，整個前蘇聯的伏特加酒價格以同樣的方式崩潰，這並沒有幫助。

The average monthly income in Russia in December 1990 could afford to buy 10 liters of vodka.

1990年12月，俄羅斯的平均月收入可以買到10升伏特加。

But just four years later, in December 1994 that same monthly salary was able to instead a for nearly 47 liters of vodka.

但就在四年後的1994年12月，同樣的月薪反而能夠為近47升的伏特加酒。

But it's bleak as the alcoholism situation was looking in Russia from the nineties.

但從九十年代開始，俄羅斯的酗酒情況就顯得很不樂觀。

Up until 2010, things have actually changed dramatically for the better.

直到2010年，情況其實已經發生了巨大的變化。

Since then, realizing just how dire the problem within the country had become, the Russian government began instituting various policies in the 20 tens to attempt and curb the tide of alcoholism all stores in the country where banned from selling any alcohol.

從那時起，俄羅斯政府意識到國內的問題已經變得多麼嚴重，開始制定各種政策，在20年代試圖和遏制酗酒的浪潮，在全國所有商店禁止銷售任何酒精。

Past 11 PM, the minimum retail price of vodka in the country was doubled, and a total advertising blackout on alcoholic products was instituted nationwide.

過了晚上11點，全國伏特加酒的最低零售價翻倍，並在全國範圍內對酒類產品實行全面廣告封鎖。

Despite his best efforts, though, other problems did arise.

儘管他盡了最大的努力，但確實出現了其他問題。

With the minimum price of vodka in the country doubling, resourceful Russians began turning to illegally produced and cheaper bootleg vodka, which had disastrous results by 2016.

隨著伏特加在國內的最低價格翻倍，機智的俄羅斯人開始轉向非法生產的、更便宜的盜版伏特加，到2016年，這種做法產生了災難性的結果。

Approximately 20% of Russia's entire alcoholic consumption was simply bootleg vodka, and most of this was just pure alcohol that had been diluted down toe feel like vodka.

俄羅斯整個酒類消費中，大約有20%的酒類是單純的盜版伏特加，而其中大部分只是被稀釋下來的純酒精，讓人感覺像伏特加。

In December 2016, 78 people died in the city of Irkutsk in Siberia after drinking scented bath lotion that had been mislabeled as a drinkable bootleg alcohol.

2016年12月，西伯利亞伊爾庫茨克市有78人因喝了被誤標為可飲用的私酒的香氛沐浴露而死亡。

And in response to that tragedy, Russia began to institute MAWR bands on non food items in the country that contain any more than 25% alcohol.

而為了應對這一悲劇，俄羅斯開始對國內酒精含量超過25%的非食品實行MAWR帶。

But despite some setbacks and tragedies along the way, Russia has miraculous.

但是，儘管一路走來遇到了一些挫折和悲劇，俄羅斯還是奇蹟般地。

Lee managed to reduce the rates of alcoholism in the country since 2010 today, Russia only ranks 14th in the world per capita of alcoholic consumption, and Russians are only drinking one third of the booze that they were back in 2003 at least, according to official state sponsored Russian data.

李成功自2010年起降低了該國的酗酒率如今，俄羅斯的人均酒精消費量僅排在世界第14位，根據俄羅斯官方國家贊助的數據，俄羅斯人的酒量至少只有2003年時的三分之一。

If this data is accurate, it means that alcoholic consumption in Russia today is more similar to the levels that air seen in either Germany or France, and life expectancy for men in the country has accordingly gone up.

如果這個數據是準確的，那就意味著今天俄羅斯的酒精消費更類似於德國或法國的空氣水準，而該國男性的預期壽命也相應提高了。

Russia is, thankfully, in a much better place than she was in the past, and things are continuing to get even better and even more hopeful, 2020 has been a bizarre year.

值得慶幸的是，俄羅斯的情況比她過去要好得多，而且情況還在繼續好轉，甚至更有希望，2020年是一個詭異的年份。

And if there's something that you want to improve yourself on while you're stuck at home right now, such as you're studying habits or getting into a productive workout routine, listening to music is a great way to help keep you focused and motivated and rake on.

而如果你現在被困在家裡的時候，有什麼想要提高自己的東西，比如你的學習習慣或者進入高效的鍛鍊程序，聽音樂是一個很好的方式，可以幫助你保持專注和動力，並耙上。

Earbuds will help.

耳機會有幫助。

They cost about half assed much is the big name earbuds, but they sound just as good.

他們的成本大約是大牌耳塞的一半，但他們的聲音一樣好。

They send me a pair of their everyday 25 to try, and I've seriously been impressed by the audio quality of them there also so super comfortable to the point where you could even forget that they're there.

他們送我一對他們的日常25嘗試，我已經認真地被他們的音質有也如此超級舒適的點，你甚至可以忘記他們的存在。

But I still found them secure enough to listen to while I was studying for the research in this video and even when I went out for a long bike ride.

但我還是覺得它們足夠安全，在我學習研究這個視頻的時候，甚至在我出去騎自行車的時候，都可以聽。

In fact, they come with six different size gel tips to ensure that they'll fit great for you.

事實上，它們配有六種不同尺寸的凝膠尖，以確保它們非常適合你。

Plus, they could make calls.

另外，他們可以打電話。

They're water resistant, and they have a great six hour long battery life.

它們具有防水功能，而且電池壽命長達六小時。

But best of all, by heading over to buy reckon dot com slash r l l.

但最好的是，通過前往購買reckon dot com slash r l l。

You'll get 15% off of their already affordable prices, so go ahead and check them out.

他們的價格已經很實惠了，你可以享受15%的折扣，所以去看看他們。