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  • Hello. This is 6 Minute English from BBC Learning English. I'm Neil.

    你好,這裡是BBC學習英語的6分鐘英語。這是BBC學習英語的6分鐘英語。我是尼爾。

  • And I'm Georgina.

    我是喬治娜

  • I've really had enough of this coronavirus, Georgina!

    我真的受夠了這種冠狀病毒,喬治娜!

  • People getting sick, losing their jobs and to top it off,

    人們生病,失業,最重要的是。

  • the pubs in some places are closed!

    有些地方的酒吧已經關門了!

  • I know it's bad, Neil, but compared to historical pandemics

    我知道這很糟糕,尼爾,但是和歷史上的大流行病相比

  • like the Spanish flu and economic crises like the Great Depression,

    如西班牙流感和大蕭條等經濟危機。

  • coronavirus isn't actually so bad.

    冠狀病毒其實並不那麼糟糕。

  • You've got to look at the bigger picture

    你得從大處著眼-------------------------------。

  • the long-term, overall view of a complex situation.

    對複雜情況的長期、總體看法;

  • Hmm, somehow that's not very comforting, Georgina! But tell me more

    嗯,不知怎的,這不是很令人欣慰,喬治娜!但告訴我更多...

  • Well, we've heard lots from politicians and scientists

    我們從政治家和科學家那裡聽到了很多消息。

  • about the spread of coronavirus but a historian's view

    關於冠狀病毒的傳播,但一個歷史學家的觀點。

  • might give us a fresh look at the bigger picture

    可能會讓我們重新審視更廣闊的前景 -- -- --

  • and maybe a more hopeful point of view.

    也可能是更有希望的觀點。

  • So in this programme we'll be hearing from historian, Peter Frankopan,

    所以在這個節目中,我們將聽到歷史學家彼得-弗蘭科潘的發言。

  • author of bestselling book, The Silk Roads.

    暢銷書《絲綢之路》的作者。

  • Ah, the title of that book, The Silk Roads, reminds me of my

    啊,那本《絲綢之路》的書名,讓我想起了我的。

  • quiz question, Georgina. Are you ready to have a go?

    測驗題,喬治娜。你準備好了嗎?

  • I'll try, Neil, but the only thing I know about the Silk Roads

    我試試,尼爾,但我只知道絲綢之路的事

  • is that they were the ancient routes along which people travelled the Earth.

    是人們在地球上旅行的古老路線。

  • Very good, Georgina! Not just people but also ideas, religions,

    很好,Georgina!不僅僅是人,還有思想,宗教。

  • languages and diseases travelled from place to place

    語言和疾病的傳播

  • along these ancient roads.

    沿著這些古道。

  • But where exactly did the Silk Roads run?

    但絲綢之路到底跑到哪裡去了?

  • That's my quiz question. Was it: a) From South America to Europe?,

    這是我的考題。是:a)從南美洲到歐洲?

  • b) From Africa to Asia?, or, c) From Asia to Europe?

    b)從非洲到亞洲,或者,c)從亞洲到歐洲?

  • Well, since this current pandemic came from Wuhan,

    好吧,既然現在的這場疫情來自武漢。

  • I'll say, c) from Asia to Europe.

    我說,c)從亞洲到歐洲。

  • OK, Georgina, we'll find out later if that's right.

    好吧,喬治娜,我們稍後會知道是否正確。

  • What's certain is that disease passing from place to place and

    可以肯定的是,疾病從一個地方傳到另一個地方,並且。

  • from animals to humans, is nothing new.

    從動物到人類,都不是什麼新鮮事。

  • Listen to historian, Peter Frankopan, being interviewed

    聽聽歷史學家彼得-弗蘭科潘接受採訪。

  • for the BBC programme, HARDTalk.

    為BBC節目《硬話》拍攝。

  • See if you can hear the reason he gives for how diseases are spread.

    看看你能不能聽出他給出的疾病是如何傳播的原因。

  • Well, it's a fairly predictable thing a historian would say but change

    嗯,這是一個相當可預測的事情 一個歷史學家會說,但更改

  • and widespread diseases are nothing new.

    和廣泛的疾病並不新鮮。

  • Our ancestors all lived through big pandemics, some of them which

    我們的祖先都經歷過大的瘟疫,其中有些是

  • were much more lethal than coronavirus

    比冠狀病毒更致命。

  • And one of the products of living together in high-density populations,

    而高密度人口共同生活的產物之一。

  • going back as far as historical records go, is you find there are transitions of

    追溯到歷史記錄,你會發現有過渡的。

  • disease from animals to human beings and they inflict damage.

    從動物到人類的疾病,它們造成了損害。

  • And that damage typically you measure in mortality rates

    而這種損害通常是以死亡率來衡量的。

  • but then the economic and social consequences of disease.

    但疾病造成的經濟和社會後果。

  • There's a lot of examples in history to learn from.

    歷史上有很多例子可以借鏡。

  • Compared to coronavirus, other big pandemics in history

    與冠狀病毒相比,歷史上的其他大流行病

  • have been much more lethaldangerous enough to cause death.

    更具殺傷力----危險到足以造成死亡。

  • One reason Peter gives for this is the high-density of populations,

    彼得給出的一個理由是人口密度高。

  • meaning people living together in buildings very close to one another.

    意思是指住在相距很近的建築物裡的人。

  • In olden days this included living together with animals,

    在以前,這包括與動物一起生活。

  • making the transmission of disease to humans much easier.

    使得疾病更容易傳染給人類。

  • Right, Georgina, like the flea-infested rats which spread the plague

    對,喬治娜,就像傳播瘟疫的跳蚤鼠一樣。

  • across Europe in the Middle Ages.

    在中世紀的歐洲各地。

  • But times change and today most people live in very different ways

    但時代在變,如今大多數人的生活方式已經大不相同了

  • from people living centuries ago.

    來自生活在幾百年前的人們。

  • So how can we explain the spread of the coronavirus pandemic in 2020?

    那麼,如何解釋2020年冠狀病毒大流行的蔓延?

  • And why have some countries been able to deal with it so much

    而為什麼有些國家能夠如此應對呢?

  • better than others.

    比別人好。

  • Here's Peter Frankopan again, talking on the BBC's HARDTalk.

    又是彼得-弗蘭科潘,在BBC的HARDTalk節目中說話。

  • Listen and see if you can you spot his answer.

    聽著,看看你能不能發現他的答案。

  • Well, your geographical position in the world mattersif you're

    好吧,你在世界上的地理位置很重要--如果你...

  • if you're geographically peripheral like Scandinavia or New Zealand,

    如果你是斯堪的納維亞或紐西蘭這樣的地理邊緣地區。

  • then you have a different dose, a different level of connectivity

    然後,你有一個不同的劑量,不同層次的連接。

  • with the rest of the world.

    與世界其他地方。

  • If you're a country like the UK which is the

    如果你是像英國這樣的國家,這是

  • centre of all global flight routes, then the incidence of people going backwards and

    在全球所有航線的中心,那麼人們倒退的情況就會發生。

  • forwards, in and out of your country - you're going to

    轉發,進出你的國家--你要。

  • spread and catch much quicker.

    傳播和捕捉更快。

  • The scorecard is very mixed and there've been some

    記分卡非常混雜,已經有了一些

  • democratic systems that have been extremely resilient and

    的民主制度,這些制度具有極強的彈性和

  • robust at anticipating it and some that have got it wrong.

    穩健地預測到了,有些人卻搞錯了。

  • According to Peter, countries which are geographically peripheral

    根據彼得的說法,地理上處於邊緣的國家------。

  • at the periphery or edge of things, instead of at the centre, are less at risk.

    在事物的外圍或邊緣,而不是在中心,風險較小;

  • The UK, on the other hand, is at the centre of global flight routes

    而英國則是全球飛行航線的中心--。

  • the connecting flight paths used by airplanes.

    飛機使用的連接航線。

  • Visiting air passengers who spread the disease are one of the reasons

    傳播疾病的來訪空乘是原因之一。

  • behind Britain's dose of coronavirus.

    英國的冠狀病毒劑量的背後。

  • Here, dose is used as an informal way of saying an unpleasant experience.

    在這裡,dose被用作一種非正式的方式來表示不愉快的經歷。

  • So from a historical viewpoint, this current pandemic

    所以,從歷史的角度來看,目前的這場大疫情

  • doesn't seem so badfar fewer people have died than in

    似乎並不那麼糟糕--死的人遠遠少於在

  • previous pandemics and with the arrival of a vaccine,

    以前的流行病,以及隨著疫苗的到來。

  • the end is almost in sight.

    窮途末路

  • Hmm, I guess so, Georgina, but for now at least the pubs are

    嗯,我想是的,喬治娜,但現在至少酒吧是。

  • still closed in some places!

    有些地方還在關閉!

  • Anyway, it was interesting to hear how diseases have been

    總之,聽到疾病是如何發生的,很有意思。

  • spreading since ancient times.

    自古以來傳播。

  • On routes like the Silk Roads, you mean?

    你是說像絲綢之路這樣的路線?

  • So what was the answer to your quiz question, Neil? Was I right?

    那麼你的測驗題的答案是什麼,尼爾?我說的對嗎?

  • You said the ancient Silk Roads ran, c) from Asia to Europe

    你說古絲綢之路從亞洲到歐洲,c)。

  • which wascorrect!

    這是... 正確的!

  • They ran from Japan and the Far East through Asia and the Middle East,

    他們從日本和遠東經過亞洲和中東。

  • bringing trade and spices as well as new ideas and languages to Europe.

    將貿易和香料以及新的思想和語言帶到歐洲。

  • Sounds like another example of looking at the bigger picture -

    聽起來像是另一個從大局出發的例子------。

  • the long-term, overall view of a complex situation.

    對複雜情況的長期、總體看法;

  • Let's recap the other vocabulary too.

    我們也來回顧一下其他詞彙。

  • Diseases can be lethalextremely dangerous, even causing death.

    疾病可能是致命的--極其危險,甚至會導致死亡。

  • A high-density population is a population living very closely together.

    高密度人口是指居住非常緊密的人口。

  • Peripheral countries may be less at risk from pandemics because

    周邊國家受大流行病影響的風險可能較小,因為

  • they are at the periphery or edge of events, instead of at the centre.

    他們處於事件的外圍或邊緣,而不是中心。

  • So somewhere with fewer flight routes

    所以,在某個航線較少的地方

  • the connecting pathways followed by airplanes,

    飛機所走的連接通道。

  • might get a less serious doseor unpleasant experience, of coronavirus.

    可能會得到一個不那麼嚴重的劑量--或不愉快的經歷,冠狀病毒。

  • Well, I hope this experience hasn't been too unpleasant

    好吧,我希望這次經歷不會太不愉快。

  • and you get a chance to use some of this vocabulary

    你就有機會使用這些詞彙了

  • chatting to your friends about trending stories in the news.

    和你的朋友哈拉,討論新聞中的熱門話題。

  • And if you like topical discussions and want to learn how to use the

    如果你喜歡主題討論,並想學習如何使用

  • vocabulary found in headlines, why not check out our News Review podcast?

    在頭條新聞中發現的詞彙,為什麼不看看我們的新聞評論播客?

  • Remember to join us again soon at 6 Minute English.

    記得近期再來6分鐘英語參加我們的活動。

  • And to download our free app from your usual app store

    從您常用的應用商店下載我們的免費應用。

  • so you can follow BBC Learning English

    所以,你可以按照BBC學習英語 -

  • we're all over social media as well.

    我們都在社交媒體上,以及。

  • Goodbye for now!

    暫時告別

  • Bye!

    再見!

Hello. This is 6 Minute English from BBC Learning English. I'm Neil.

你好,這裡是BBC學習英語的6分鐘英語。這是BBC學習英語的6分鐘英語。我是尼爾。

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