candidate has been approved by the UK, the US, Canada, Mexico, and may have even been approved

候選人已被英國、美國、加拿大、墨西哥準許，甚至可能已被準許。

by others by the time you see this. But what does this mean for the average U.S. citizen? When

被別人看到這個的時候。但這對普通美國公民來說意味著什麼？當

will we be able to get it, which one will it be, and what does all of this mean for

我們是否能夠得到它，它將是哪一個，以及這一切意味著什麼？

the pandemic?  Let's go over the frontrunners. The three

疫情？ 讓我們來回顧一下前鋒。這三個

vaccines currently farthest along in their development and approval processes are all

目前在開發和準許過程中走得最遠的疫苗都是

using new technologies. That's Pfizer's mRNA vaccine, Moderna's mRNA vaccine, and AstraZeneca's

使用新技術。那就是輝瑞的mRNA疫苗、摩德納的mRNA疫苗和阿斯利康的

vaccine in partnership with Oxford University, which is what's called a recombinant vector

與牛津大學合作的疫苗，這就是所謂的重組載體。

vaccine that uses DNA.  Right now, Pfizer's mRNA vaccine is what's

使用DNA的疫苗。 現在，輝瑞公司的mRNA疫苗是什麼？

being actively administered in countries like the UK, the US, and Canada. On December 18th,

正在英國、美國、加拿大等國度積極管理。在12月18日。

Moderna's mRNA vaccine was approved in the US as well.  

Moderna的mRNA疫苗也在美國獲批。

So who gets it first? After more than 300,000 coronavirus deaths in the US alone, the CDC

那麼誰先得病呢？僅在美國就有30多萬人死於冠狀病毒後，美國疾控中心(CDC)

has recommended that healthcare workers get priority, as they're the ones risking their

建議優先考慮醫護人員，因為他們是冒著生命危險的人。

lives every day treating those who need to be hospitalized. 

每天都在治療那些需要住院的人的生命。

And although they're first up on the list for vaccination, this first shipment of vaccines

雖然他們是第一批接種疫苗的名單上的人，但這第一批的疫苗

we're hearing about is not going to be enough for every healthcare worker in the country to be vaccinated at once,

我們聽到的是不會是足夠的 每一個醫療工作者 在該國一次接種疫苗。

so those on the front lines will be divided into risk categories based on where they work,

所以那些在前線的人將根據他們的工作地點被劃分為不同的風險類別。

with those who work directly with COVID patients having first access to the vaccine. 

直接為COVID患者工作的人可以首先獲得疫苗。

Also high on the priority list are the elderly, living in nursing homes and other long-term

優先考慮的還有老年人、住在養老院和其他長期居住的人。

care facilities, as they are the age demographic most at risk for serious disease. The vaccination

護理機構，因為他們是最容易患嚴重疾病的年齡組。疫苗接種

campaign for this population has also already begun. 

為這些人開展的運動也已經開始。

Now, the US federal government has given vaccines to each state based on total state population,

現在，美國聯邦政府已經根據各州總人口給各州注射了疫苗。

notably not by the number of people in that state who may fall into a high-risk group. 

尤其是不以該州可能屬於高危群體的人數為標準。

Then every state gets to decide for itself how to divvy up its available vaccine doses. 

然後每個州都可以自己決定如何分配可用的疫苗劑量。

Individual states get to decide which of their hospitals receive the vaccine first. 

各個州可以決定哪家醫院先接種疫苗。

Some states are prioritizing care homes over hospitals or vice versa, and states will have

有些州優先考慮護理院，而不是醫院，反之亦然，各州將有。

to decide how  they want to handle populations like teachers,

來決定如何處理教師等人群。

inmates, and other high risk groups. 

囚犯和其他高危群體。

So to see how the vaccine will be distributed and to whom will depend entirely on your state's

所以，要看疫苗如何分配，分配給誰，完全取決於你所在的州。

decisions.  But for most of the US, vaccines will reach

的決定。 但對於美國的大部分地區來說，疫苗將達到。

the general public around spring of 2021 at the earliest. 

最早在2021年春季前後向公眾公佈。

So the US is facing what will be one of the biggest rapid vaccination campaigns in its

是以，美國正面臨著最大規模的快速疫苗接種活動之一。

history. Establishing a reliable supply chain on this timeline is complicated enough, 

的歷史。在這個時間線上建立一個可靠的供應鏈已經很複雜了。

but an added difficulty is that the Pfizer vaccine has to be stored at -70 degrees celsius

但還有一個困難是，輝瑞的疫苗必須在零下70攝氏度的環境下儲存。

for it to be stable.  This makes transportation extra high stakes

才會穩定。 這就使得運輸的風險特別大

to ensure that no shipments of vaccine are wasted because they spent too long at a certain

以確保不會因為疫苗在某一環節停留時間過長而浪費掉。

temperature. I don't know if you've tried to keep ice cream from melting in a hot car, but

溫度。我不知道你是否嘗試過在熱車中保持冰激凌不融化，但是... ...

if THAT's hard, I think this is gonna be a tricky one: especially because it involves

如果這很難，我想這將是一個棘手的問題：特別是由於它涉及到了

everyone from public health organizations to airlines to shipping companies, all aiming

從公共衛生組織到航空公司到船運公司，所有的人都旨在

to work together as seamlessly as possible.  Now the Moderna vaccine, also recently approved,

以儘可能地無縫配合。 現在，莫德納疫苗也於近期獲批。

doesn't have to be kept at temperatures that are quite this low. It only needs to

不一定要保存在這麼低的溫度下。它只需要

be at about -20 degrees celsius, which still sounds pretty cold but is actually about the temperature

攝氏零下20度左右，聽起來還是很冷，但實際上是差不多的溫度。

of a regular freezer. So hopefully as Moderna's option becomes more widely available as well, it

的普通冰櫃。是以，希望隨著Moderna的選擇變得更廣泛，它

can cover any supply chain gaps created by the Pfizer vaccine's extreme temperature

可以彌補輝瑞疫苗極端溫度造成的任何供應鏈缺口。

needs. The U.S., like many other wealthy countries, has pre-purchased hundreds of millions

的需求。美國和許多其他富裕國家一樣，已經預購了數億的。

of doses of at least 6 different vaccines. But as more vaccine types become available

的劑量，至少6種不同的疫苗。但隨著疫苗種類的增多

in the future and more information comes in about each vaccine type and its efficacy,

在未來和更多關於每種疫苗類型及其療效的資訊出現時。

doctors may be able to eventually start prescribing a certain vaccine for certain populations.

醫生可能最終可以開始為某些人群開具某種疫苗。

Let's talk about price, shall we?  Pfizer's vaccine is $19.50 a dose, which

我們來談談價格吧？ 輝瑞公司的疫苗是19.5美元一劑，這...

is around $39 per patient because each person will require two doses for the vaccine to

每位患者約為39元，因為每人需要注射兩劑疫苗才能

be effective. Moderna's vaccine is quite a bit more expensive at around $64-74 per course.

是有效的。摩德納的疫苗價格要貴不少，每療程約64-74元。

And again, that's two rounds of shots,  whereas the AstraZeneca/Oxford vaccine is

而且，這又是兩輪打針， 而阿斯利康/牛津疫苗是。

only $6-8 per course. 

每門課只需6-8元。

The US government has announced that anyone on Medicare or Medicaid will be able to receive

美國政府宣佈，凡是參加Medicare或Medicaid的人，將可以獲得。

the vaccine at no cost.  So in this next year it's unlikely that

疫苗的免費。 所以，在今明兩年，不太可能會有

we'll be able to choose which vaccine we get and how much it costs will depend on

我們可以選擇接種哪種疫苗，費用多少取決於

your state, your insurance, and which vaccine is available to you, which in itself just

您的州、您的保險、以及您可以使用哪種疫苗，這本身就是一個很好的選擇。

depends on supply chain logistics.  There's also the challenge of getting people

取決於供應鏈物流。 還有一個挑戰是如何讓人們

to take the vaccine at all.  It's been historically difficult to get

疫苗。 它是歷史上很難得到

people to trust vaccines, even ones that have gone through years of trials. And especially for

人們要相信疫苗，即使是經過多年試驗的疫苗。尤其是對於

the COVID vaccines, there have been many questions brought up like; it came out so fast, how

COVID疫苗，有很多問題被提出來，比如；它出得這麼快，怎麼

do we really know it's safe? Are the side effects something to worry about? 

我們真的知道它的安全性嗎？副作用是否需要擔心？

Minority groups have been especially hard hit by COVID, so how many people

少數民族群體受到COVID的衝擊尤為嚴重，那麼有多少人

from these groups has it been tested on? We're getting a lot of information and getting it really

從這些群體上進行了測試？我們得到了很多資訊，並得到了真正的

quickly, and after the year we've had - it's understandibly overwhelming.  But, overall, our key takeaways

迅速，而在我們經歷了這一年之後--這是可以理解的。 但是，總的來說，我們的主要收穫

are this:   One: I know it seems fast, but the vaccine

是這樣的。 第一，我知道這看起來很快，但疫苗...

did go through its safety trials and has been based on research that's been developing

確實經過了它的安全試驗，並且一直基於研究，一直在發展。

for years.

多年來，。

Two:  money  is what has helped accelerate this vaccine process. 

二：錢是加速這個疫苗進程的助力。

The simple fact is that the pandemic has affected the whole world and that meant the vaccine

簡單的事實是，疫情已經影響到整個世界，這意味著疫苗。

development had been prioritized over almost anything else, which rarely happens. And

發展的優先地位幾乎超過了其他任何事情，而這種情況很少發生。而且

three: we've seen what happens without a vaccine. The last nine months have shown us what a virus like

三：我們已經看到了沒有疫苗會發生什麼。在過去的9個月裡，我們看到了像病毒這樣的東西

this can do. So a vaccine can only make our COVID situation better.

這可以做到。所以疫苗只能讓我們的COVID情況變得更好。

Even with all of the challenges still facing us on a road to worldwide vaccination, it's

即使在全球疫苗接種的道路上，我們仍然面臨著種種挑戰，但這是

really exciting to see how science has come together to find a solution to one of our

看到科學如何走到一起，找到解決我們的一個問題的方法，真的很令人興奮。

world's most urgent issues, and as more information keeps coming out about all these

世界上最緊迫的問題，而隨著更多關於這些問題的資訊不斷湧現出來

important questions we've talked about today, we here at Seeker will make sure we're keeping you updated. It is

我們今天談到的重要問題，我們在這裡的探索者將確保我們會讓你保持更新。它是

heartening and exciting news, but we also still have to remember that the shot won't be available to most of us

令人振奮和興奮的消息，但我們也仍然必須記住，我們大多數人不會得到這個鏡頭。

until later in 2021. So until then we need to make sure we're still doing everything

直到2021年晚些時候。是以，在那之前，我們需要確保我們仍然在做所有的事情。

we can to keep ourselves and those around us healthy as possible.

我們可以讓自己和周圍的人儘可能地保持健康。

If you're looking for more on the complicated relationship between COVID and race, check out

如果你想了解更多關於COVID和種族之間的複雜關係，請查看

this video over here, and subscribe to Seeker to keep up with all you breaking pandemic news.

這段視頻在這裡，並訂閱Seeker以保持與所有你打破流行病新聞。

If you have another COVID question you want us to tackle next, leave it for us in the

如果您有其他COVID問題想讓我們下一步解決，請在

comments. As always, thanks so much for watching, and I'll see you next time.

的評論。一如既往，感謝大家的觀看，我們下期再見。