Name: 虛擬現實如何欺騙你的大腦 (How virtual reality tricks your brain)
Uploaded: 2020-12-22T18:50:23.000Z
Duration: 6 min 14 s

These people are panicking because they're being asked to step out of an elevator onto

這些人很恐慌，因為他們被要求從電梯裡走出來，走到...

a single plank that's suspended 80 stories in the air.

一塊木板懸浮在80層樓高的空中。

This game is called Richie's Plank Experience and by their very real reactions you might

這個遊戲叫Richie's Plank Experience，通過他們非常真實的反應，你可能會發現

expect some groundbreaking, photorealistic visuals behind that headset.

期待那款耳機背後有一些突破性的、逼真的視覺效果。

But that's really not the case — Sure, it's nice, but it's clearly not real.

但事實並非如此--當然，它很好，但它顯然不是真的。

The graphics are really beautiful but the lighting isn't quite right - things are

畫面真的很美，但燈光不是很好--事情是這樣的

The plants on the ground are clearly squared off.

It's hard to believe these people aren't dramatizing their reactions for the camera.

很難相信這些人沒有對著鏡頭劇透自己的反應。

The internet is full of VR fails where people are sucked into pixelated worlds with disembodied

網絡上有很多VR失敗的案例，人們被吸進了像素化的世界，不倫不類。

But this really got me thinking — How is it that a virtual world that doesn't look

但這真的讓我想到了--為什麼一個虛擬的世界，看起來不

Of course, the first major difference between watching VR and being in it is putting on

當然，看VR和身處其中的第一大區別就是戴上了

Here's where VR marketing has mostly failed.

這就是VR營銷大多失敗的地方。

Because it's always shown from a spectator's perspective.

因為它總是從一個旁觀者的角度來展示。

And as a spectator, you do not get the experience of the person in VR.

而作為旁觀者，你並不能獲得VR中人的體驗。

Thong Nguyen is the founder and CEO of Roomera, a company that helps businesses test and understand

Thong Nguyen是Roomera的創始人兼CEO，Roomera是一家幫助企業測試和了解的公司。

new spaces before they're built using virtual reality.

在使用虛擬現實技術建造新空間之前，。

V.R. communicates to your brain in a different way than looking at a screen.

V.R.與你的大腦溝通的方式不同於看螢幕。

When looking at a screen — like our TV or phone — our brains read this as a flat image

當看螢幕時--比如我們的電視或手機--我們的大腦將其讀為平面影像

If an object on a screen gets bigger or smaller or a person on TV moves toward the camera

如果螢幕上的物體變大或變小，或者電視上的人物向鏡頭移動，則會出現以下情況

you don't feel the need to take a step back or move out of their way, but in VR you might

你不覺得有必要退後一步或讓開他們的路，但在VR中你可能會

want to because you're not looking at one screen — You're looking at two — And

因為你不是在看一個螢幕，而是在看兩個螢幕。

those two screens are literally right in front your eyes.

這兩個螢幕是字面上的權利 在你的眼前。

Projecting a slightly different image into each eye.

將略微不同的影像投射到每隻眼睛裡。

Which is how our vision works in the real world — each eye takes in stimuli from a

這就是我們的視覺在現實世界中的工作方式--每隻眼睛都會接受來自不同的刺激。

You can test this: Hold your finger up in front of your face and wink each of your eyes.

你可以測試一下。把你的手指舉在你的臉前，然後對你的每隻眼睛眨一下。

Your finger should “jump” back and forth.

That “jump” is the difference between what your left and right eye are seeing.

這個 "跳 "就是你左眼和右眼看到的差別。

The differences between what your eyes see conveys depth.

你的眼睛所看到的差異傳達了深度。

This is known as stereopsis and VR developers have spent a lot of time perfecting it.

這就是所謂的立體視覺，VR開發者花了很多時間來完善它。

But what use is depth if you can't move through it?

但如果你不能通過它來移動，那麼深度又有什麼用呢？

Which brings us to the next most important way virtual reality tricks your brain: you

這就給我們帶來了下一個最重要的方式，虛擬現實欺騙你的大腦：你。

are the camera and it's fast enough where your brain starts interpreting it as your

你的大腦開始把它解釋為你的相機，它的速度足夠快

Head tracking allows a person in VR to look and move around a fake world in the same way

頭部追蹤可以讓VR中的人以同樣的方式在一個虛假的世界中尋找和移動。

If you look left, you'll see more of the world to your left.

如果你向左看，你會看到更多的左邊的世界。

Other subtle effects make virtual spaces feel more real: Like 360 audio, which is a big

其他細微的效果讓虛擬空間的感覺更加真實。比如360音頻，這是一個很大的

As you turn your head the wind will subtly change.

當你轉頭的時候，風向會發生微妙的變化。

The plank creaks, and if you listen closely a heart beat slowly begins to speed up.

木板吱吱作響，如果你仔細聽的話，心跳就會慢慢開始加快。

Our brain takes all this new, virtual stimuli and begins to believe that this is reality.

我們的大腦接受了所有這些新的、虛擬的刺激，並開始相信這就是現實。

Our brain has never really learned within the last one hundred fifty thousand years

我們的大腦在過去的十五萬年內從來沒有真正的學習過

to actually distinguish between computer generated content and the real world.

以實際區分計算機生成的內容和現實世界。

Dr. Frank Steinicke has been studying immersive technologies like VR for nearly 20 years.

Frank Steinicke博士研究VR等沉浸式技術近20年。

If all the cues that we perceive from the virtual environment are so similar to the

如果我們從虛擬環境中感知到的所有線索都是如此的相似，那麼，我們就會發現，我們從虛擬環境中感知到的所有線索都是如此的相似。

cues that we get in the real world, it makes sense that we are unable to clearly distinguish

我們在現實世界中得到的線索，我們無法清楚地分辨出一個人，這是有道理的。

Our brains quickly adapt to virtual environments largely because it's wired to trust our

我們的大腦之所以能迅速適應虛擬環境，主要是因為我們的思維方式是相信我們的大腦。

There's some research showing that approximately 80 percent of all the information that we

有研究表明，我們所有的資訊中大約有80%的資訊

perceive from our environment are based on vision only.

我們從環境中感知到的只是基於視覺。

And this allows VR developers to manipulate our reality even further: what we found out

而這也讓VR開發者可以進一步操縱我們的現實：我們發現了什麼？

about 10 years ago is that if we guide users on a circular arc with a radius of 20 meters,

大約10年前是，如果我們引導用戶在半徑為20米的圓弧上。

They actually walk in a circle in the real world when they see a straight path in the

他們在現實世界中看到一條筆直的道路時，其實是在圓圈中行走的。

You can walk an entire virtual city without ever leaving a room.

你可以在不離開房間的情況下走遍整個虛擬城市。

Once we believe the environment is real and accept that we're actually in it, our brains

一旦我們相信環境是真實的，並接受我們確實身處其中，我們的大腦就會

then go on to fill in some other blanks: there is interesting findings that if you are in

然後再去填補一些其他的空白：有一個有趣的發現，如果你在

the virtual world in a very, let's say, snow or icy environment, people feel cool, although

在一個非常，比方說，雪地或冰天雪地的環境中的虛擬世界裡，人們會感覺到涼爽，雖然。

they're in the real world and maybe in a hot environment.

他們在現實世界中，也許在炎熱的環境中。

Outside of games, VR has shown a lot of promise in the medical world from reducing pain for

在遊戲之外，VR在醫療領域已經展現出了很大的前景，從減少疼痛為

burn victims by immersing them in a snowy world while their bandages are changed and

燒傷患者在更換繃帶的同時，將他們浸泡在雪地世界中，並在雪地上進行治療。

with exposure therapy that helps people with phobias — like a fear of heights — and

暴露療法，幫助有恐懼症的人--比如恐高症--和。

It's also been used for physical therapy like assisting elderly people with their balance.

它還被用於物理治療，比如協助老人保持平衡。

Right now, we're still tethered to a system with a headset on our faces.

現在，我們還被拴在系統上，臉上戴著耳機。

The graphics are nice, but not perfect — and so we're not fully immersed when we hover

畫面很好，但並不完美--所以當我們懸停時，我們並沒有完全沉浸其中。

80 stories above the ground — That is...we can still remember to take the headset off.

80層樓高--也就是說......我們還能記得把耳機摘下來。

Steinicke cautions that it might not always be that way.

Steinicke提醒說，可能並不總是這樣。

We can easily assume that within the next five to 10 years or so, we will not be able

我們可以很容易地假設，在未來5到10年左右的時間裡，我們將不能夠。

to distinguish visually computer generated content from from real world content anymore.

來區分視覺上計算機生成的內容和現實世界的內容了。

And then, of course, there are a lot of ethical questions.

For now, VR might not look exactly like reality, but it follows a lot of the rules our brain

目前，VR可能看起來並不完全像現實，但它遵循了很多我們大腦的規則。

has learned to perceive as real, and that's often enough to make us sweat.

已經學會了感知真實，這往往足以讓我們汗顏。