Leslie: Hello. My name is Leslie Forestat, Extension Specialist with the University of

萊斯利：你好。我的名字是萊斯利Forestat， 擴展專家與大學的。

Maine cooperative extension. Today we're going to talk about how children learn and how you

緬因州合作推廣。今天，我們'要談談孩子們如何學習，你如何

as a caregiver can create the best learning environment for your child.

作為照顧者可以為孩子創造最好的學習環境。

Children are born learning and what they hear, see, and experience from birth has affects

孩子天生愛學習，從出生開始聽到的、看到的、體驗到的都會影響到

for their lifetime. Even before they are able to speak, they're interactions with people

為他們的一生。甚至在他們能夠說話之前，他們'與人的互動。

have an affect on their brains. Positive experiences help form connections in their brains and

對他們的大腦產生影響。積極的經驗有助於在他們的大腦中形成連接，並在他們的大腦中形成積極的經驗。

negative experiences do too. The positive experiences build the connections for trust

負面的經驗也是如此。積極的經驗建立了信任的聯繫

and happiness and an understanding that an adult is there to help in times of stress.

和幸福，並理解在壓力時有成人幫助。

What you can do to promote learning. Develop a warm, caring relationship with your child.

你能做什麼來促進學習。與孩子建立溫暖、關愛的關係。

Show them that your care deeply about them. Express joy in who they are. Help them to

向他們展示你對他們的深切關懷。對他們的身份表示喜悅。幫助他們

feel safe and secure.

感到安全和保障。

Serve and return. Like a tennis match, how you respond to a child's cues and clues makes

發球和回球。就像一場網球比賽一樣，你如何迴應孩子的提示和線索，使得

a world of difference in their learning. Notice their rhythms and moods even in the first

在他們的學習中有著天壤之別。注意到他們的節奏和情緒，即使是在第一個

days and weeks of life. Respond to children when they are upset as well as when they are

日和周的生活。當孩子們不高興的時候，以及當孩子們

happy. Try to understand what children are feeling, what they are telling you in words

幸福。試著去理解孩子們的感受，他們用語言告訴你的東西

or actions and what they are trying to do.

或行動，以及他們想要做什麼。

Play with them in a way that lets you follow their lead. Move in when children want to

與他們一起玩耍，讓你跟隨他們的步伐。當孩子們想玩的時候，你就進入他們的生活。

play and pull back when they seem to have had enough stimulation. Talk, read, and sing

玩耍，當他們似乎已經受到足夠的刺激時，再拉回來。說話、讀書、唱歌

to children. Surround them with language. Maintain an ongoing conversation with them

給孩子們。用語言包圍他們。與他們保持持續的對話

about what you and they are doing. With stories, ask them to guess what will come next in the

關於你和他們正在做的事情。通過故事，讓他們猜測接下來會發生什麼。

story. Play word games. Ask toddlers and preschoolers questions that require more than a yes or

故事。玩文字遊戲。向幼兒和學齡前兒童提出需要多於 "是 "或 "否 "的問題。

no answer like, "What do you think? What do you think will happen next?"

沒有回答像，"你覺得呢？你覺得接下來會發生什麼？&quot。

Ask children to picture things that have happened in the past or might happen in the future.

請孩子們想象過去發生過的或將來可能發生的事情。

Provide reading and writing materials including crayons and paper, books and magazines. These

提供包括蠟筆和紙張、書籍和雜誌在內的閱讀和書寫材料。這些

are key pre-reading experiences.

是閱讀前的重要經驗。

Encourage safe exploration and play. Give children opportunities to move around, explore,

鼓勵安全探索和遊戲。給孩子提供活動、探索的機會。

and play and be prepared to step in if they are at risk of hurting themselves or others.

和玩耍，如果他們有傷害自己或他人的風險，要做好出手的準備。

Help them to explore relationships as well. Arrange for children to spend time with other

幫助他們也探索關係。安排孩子與其他孩子相處

children to support their learning and to solve the conflicts that inevitably arise.

支持孩子們的學習，並解決不可避免地出現的衝突。

Watch for them to resolve the conflict first before stepping in. If a child is going to

看著他們先解決矛盾再介入。如果孩子要

be hurt, feel free to step in.

受傷了，隨時可以插手。

Use discipline to teach. Discipline is teaching. Talk to children about what they are feeling

用紀律來教學。紀律就是教學。和孩子們談談他們的感受

and teach them words to describe those feelings. If your child has misbehaved, make it clear

並教給他們描述這些感受的詞語。如果你的孩子行為不端，要讓他清楚地知道

that while you might not like the way they are behaving you love them. Explain the rules

雖然你可能不喜歡他們的行為方式，但你愛他們。解釋一下規則

and consequences of behavior so children can learn the whys behind what you are asking

和行為的後果，讓孩子們瞭解你所要求的背後的原因。

them to do. Tell them what you want them to do, not just what you don't want them to do.

他們做。告訴他們你想讓他們做什麼，而不僅僅是你不想讓他們做什麼。

Establish routines. Children thrive on routines. Create routines and rituals for events during

建立常規。孩子們在例行公事中茁壯成長。為以下事件建立常規和儀式

the day like mealtime, naptime, and bedtime. Try to be predictable so the child knows what

一天中的吃飯時間、午睡時間和睡覺時間等。儘量做到可預測性，讓孩子知道什麼是

to expect and that they can count on you.

期待，他們可以信賴你。

Develop a relationship with your child's providers in childcare and preschool. Keep in close

與您孩子的託兒所和學前班服務提供者建立關係。保持密切

touch with your children's childcare providers or your teachers. These caring relationships

與您孩子的託兒所或老師聯繫。這些關懷關係

that they form outside of your home are among the most important relationships that they

他們在你的家庭之外形成的最重要的關係，他們

have.

有：

Finally, take care of yourself. You can best care for young children when you are cared

最後，要照顧好自己。當你被照顧時，你可以最好地照顧幼兒。

for as well. Learn to cope with your stressors so that you can help your child learn to manage

為也。學會應對自己的壓力源，這樣才能幫助孩子學會管理。

hers too. Take time for walks and take breathing breaks in Maine's beautiful outdoors. Your

她的太。花時間在緬因州美麗的戶外散步和休息。您的

child's wellbeing depends on your health and wellbeing.

孩子的健康取決於你的健康和福祉。

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