Right now, as you're listening to my voice and watching this video, you're flying around in space at a speed you probably don't realize because of the way the earth rotates.

現在，當你聽著我的聲音，看著這段視頻的時候，你正在太空中飛來飛去，你可能沒有意識到，因為地球自轉的方式。

If you're standing on the equator, then you'd be traveling at a speed of 1670 kilometers per hour from west to east or counterclockwise as viewed from above the North Pole.

如果你站在赤道上，那麼從北極上空看，你將以每小時1670公里的速度從西向東或逆時針方向行駛。

Every planet in the solar system rotates in this direction, except for Uranus and Venus.

除了天王星和金星，太陽系中的每顆行星都是朝這個方向旋轉的。

So Earth has been rotating pretty normally all things considered, but we know that it's gradually slowing down at a rate of about 2.3 milliseconds per century.

所以，地球一直在正常自轉，但我們知道，它正以每世紀2.3毫秒的速度逐漸變慢。

Therefore, a day on earth today in 2019 is roughly two milliseconds shorter than a day was back in 1919.

是以，2019年今天地球上的一天，比1919年時的一天大約短了兩毫秒。

Eventually, billions of years from now, Earth will cease rotating entirely, but Earth will probably never begin rotating in the opposite direction like Venus does.

最終，從現在起幾十億年後，地球將完全停止自轉，但地球可能永遠不會像金星那樣開始反方向旋轉。

But just for fun, what would happen if it did like right now, the easy answer is that everybody would probably just die from whiplash and getting flung around at thousands of kilometers per hour if it just happen immediately.

但只是為了好玩，如果它像現在這樣做會發生什麼，簡單的答案是，如果它只是立即發生，每個人都可能會死於頸椎病和以每小時數千公里的速度被甩來甩去。

But that's kind of boring.

但那是一種無聊。

So let's imagine in fantasy land that nobody dies and it just starts happening.

所以我們想象一下，在幻想國度裡，沒有人死亡，就這樣開始發生。

How would society and your daily life be affected?

社會和你的日常生活會受到怎樣的影響？

Let's start with the immediate effects.

先說說眼前的效果吧。

Every satellite in orbit right now would be immediately obsolete because they're functioning on the assumption that you know something stupid like this won't happen.

現在在軌的每一顆衛星都會立即被淘汰，因為他們的運作是基於這樣的假設：你知道這種愚蠢的事情不會發生。

Imagine if every satellite was orbiting Earth in the wrong direction, and that's the consequence that we'd be dealing with so GPS and cell services would probably be pretty majorly disrupted for a while.

想象一下，如果每顆衛星都以錯誤的方向繞著地球運行，那就是我們要面對的後果，所以GPS和手機服務很可能會被嚴重干擾一段時間。

Time zones as we know them, would also be pretty messed up.

我們所知道的時區，也會很亂。

Humanity rather arbitrarily drew lines across the Earth's service and decided that this mess is how we measure time across the planet's.

人類相當武斷地在地球的服務上劃線，並決定這個亂七八糟的東西就是我們在地球上測量時間的方法。

Under the current system, a new day begins at 12 a.m. Just to the west of the international date line here, and continues westward for 24 hours until reaching the eastern side of the Dateline.

根據現行制度，新的一天從凌晨12點開始，就在這裡的國際日期線以西，繼續向西24小時，直到到達日期線的東側。

On the other side.

在另一邊。

Once Earth makes an entire rotation.

一旦地球自轉一圈。

If Earth pulled a switcheroo and began rotating in the opposite direction, this would completely change.

如果地球拉了一個開關，開始向相反的方向旋轉，這將完全改變。

The sun would rise in the West and set in the east, and the time of day would therefore have to flow from the east of the international Dateline.

太陽會在西邊升起，在東邊落下，是以一天的時間要從國際日期線的東邊流過。

The first big cities to celebrate the New Year would be Honolulu and Anchorage, while North America would be the first continent in New Zealand would be the last significantly populated place to get a chance to celebrate.

第一個慶祝新年的大城市將是檀香山和安克雷奇，而北美將是紐西蘭第一個大陸將是最後一個顯著人口的地方有機會慶祝。

But a lot more would change on the surface of Earth over time than just well time.

但隨著時間的推移，地球表面的變化會比井時間多很多。

The seasons of Earth wouldn't change because those are determined by Earth's axial tilt and not her rotation.

地球的季節不會改變，因為那些季節是由地球的軸向傾斜而不是自轉決定的。

However, Earth's climate would gradually change over time dramatically, because that is influenced by her rotation.

然而，地球的氣候會隨著時間的推移逐漸發生巨大的變化，因為這是受她的自轉影響。

As the planet rotates, the push and pull of its share momentum decides the direction of the oceans currents, along with atmospheric wind flows.

當地球自轉時，其份額動量的推拉決定了洋流的方向，還有大氣風流。

This is what produces the range of climate patterns that we see across the Earth's surface.

這就是我們在地球表面看到的一系列氣候模式的產生原因。

If you change the direction of Earth's rotation, all of this changes in some pretty wild ways.

如果你改變了地球自轉的方向，所有這些都會以一些非常瘋狂的方式改變。

Let's talk about Europe first.

先說說歐洲吧。

One of the most important ocean currents in the world is the Gulf Stream, which carries warm ocean water from the Gulf of Mexico and Florida upto Western Europe.

海灣流是世界上最重要的洋流之一，它將墨西哥灣和佛羅里達州的溫暖海水帶到西歐。

Combined with the jet stream winds which carry clouds and rain water from Canada to northern Europe, the European continent in our normal spinning world is a warmer and wetter place than it otherwise would be.

再加上噴氣流風將雲層和雨水從加拿大帶到歐洲北部，在我們正常旋轉的世界裡，歐洲大陸比其他地方更溫暖、更潮溼。

If Earth rotation reversed, this would be totally different.

如果地球自轉反轉，這就完全不同了。

Based on a computer simulation that was run in 2018 at the European Geosciences Union General Assembly, Western Europe would be a much colder and snow your place.

根據2018年在歐洲地球科學聯盟大會上運行的計算機模擬，西歐將是一個更加寒冷和下雪的地方你。

That would be about 10 degrees Celsius lower on average and when mawr resemble the climate of Russia today, while the UK and Ireland would be really, really colder and when mawr resemble northern Alaska and Canada, these changes would take place gradually over time but would be quick on a geological timescale.

那將是平均低10攝氏度左右，當毛爾類似於今天俄羅斯的氣候，而英國和愛爾蘭將真的非常非常冷，當毛爾類似於阿拉斯加北部和加拿大，這些變化將隨著時間的推移逐漸發生，但在地質時間尺度上會很快。

The computer simulation produced these results after only 7000 years into the future, but every other continent in the world would suffer from extreme climate change as well, perhaps none more so than Africa and the Middle East, with changing wind patterns and ocean currents shifting to North Africa and the Middle East, the deserts would disappear.

計算機模擬得出的這些結果僅僅是在未來7000年之後，但世界上其他各大洲也都會受到極端氣候變化的影響，也許沒有人比非洲和中東更嚴重，隨著風向模式的改變和洋流向北非和中東轉移，沙漠將消失。

The entire Sahara would vanish, replaced by a dense green forest that would stretch across the entire Middle East as well North Africa and the Middle East, when more resembled the climates of France and Germany.

整個撒哈拉將消失，取而代之的是一片茂密的綠色森林，它將橫跨整個中東以及北非和中東地區，屆時更類似於法國和德國的氣候。

Today, with milder climates and a lot of rainfall, the Mediterranean Sea would almost become a freshwater lake with a tremendously increased amount of rainfall in the area.

如今，氣候溫和，降雨量大，地中海幾乎會成為一個淡水湖，該地區的降雨量會大大增加。

The Outback Desert in Australia also vanishes under these conditions, replaced with a vast interior step.

澳洲的內陸沙漠也在這種條件下消失了，取而代之的是廣闊的內部臺階。

Interestingly, it appears that the climates of western and eastern Australia will switch places with more grasslands and rainfall in the West and more arid steppes in the East.

有意思的是，澳洲西部和東部的氣候似乎會互換位置，西部有更多的草原和降雨，東部有更多幹旱的草原。

Pretty much every major desert in the world today vanishes, but new deserts pop up in some unexpected areas where they haven't ever existed before.

今天世界上幾乎所有的主要沙漠都消失了，但在一些意想不到的地方又出現了新的沙漠，它們以前從未存在過。

Like, for example, North America, the entire Southern US, from Texas to Florida to North Carolina, is transformed into a vast, hot, arid desert that resembles the climate of Iraq or Saudi Arabia.

就像北美一樣，整個美國南部，從得克薩斯州到佛羅里達州再到北卡羅來納州，都變成了一望無際、炎熱、乾旱的沙漠，就像伊拉克或沙特阿拉伯的氣候一樣。

Today, the West Coast, on the other hand, get significantly colder and snow here, and more resembles the climate of Quebec.

而今天，西海岸卻明顯變冷，這裡的雪，更像魁北克的氣候。

Today, South America also changes dramatically.

如今，南美洲也發生了巨大的變化。

The new largest desert in the world is located here across modern day Brazil, Argentina, Uruguay and Paraguay.

世界上新的最大的沙漠就在這裡，橫跨現代的巴西、阿根廷、烏拉圭和巴拉圭。

This great South American desert effectively becomes the new World Sahara, with another vast desert in the north covering much of Colombia, Venezuela and Guyana.

這片南美大沙漠實際上成了新的世界撒哈拉，北部還有一片廣闊的沙漠，覆蓋了哥倫比亞、委內瑞拉和蓋亞那的大部分地區。

South America becomes the world's most desert covered continent with what remains of the Amazon rainforest in between.

南美洲成為世界上沙漠覆蓋率最高的大陸，其間還有亞馬遜雨林的遺蹟。

And finally there's Asia.

最後是亞洲。

India mostly remains the same, while China changes significantly, a vast desert similar to the Gobi and Mongolia pops up across the entire Southeast.

印度大多保持不變，而中國卻發生了很大的變化，整個東南地區出現了類似戈壁和蒙古的大片沙漠。

Much of Southeast Asia surrounding this desert, like northern Vietnam, becomes an arid steppe.

這片沙漠周圍的東南亞大部分地區，就像越南北部一樣，成為乾旱的草原。

Manchuria becomes a warmer place with forests than rain.

滿洲里變成了一個森林比雨水更溫暖的地方。

Welcome shot cut in Russia weirdly transforms into a pretty mild place with a lot less cold and snow than the rest of Russia.

歡迎拍攝切在俄羅斯怪異地變成了一個相當溫和的地方，比俄羅斯其他地方少了很多寒冷和雪。

If the world started spinning backwards today, everything about our way of lives, from time to geography would change dramatically with less desert coverage.

如果今天世界開始倒轉，我們的一切生活方式，從時間到地理都會發生巨大的變化，沙漠覆蓋率會減少。

Overall global temperatures will cool slightly by about 0.2 degrees Celsius.

全球整體氣溫將小幅降溫約0.2攝氏度。

It is impossible to predict exactly what kind of influence this would have on history.

這究竟會對歷史產生什麼樣的影響，我們無法預測。

I'll leave that discussion down for the comments.

這個問題我就不討論了，留待大家評論。

But either way, it's fascinating to think about how a seemingly simple things like the direction of Earth rotation can have such an enormous impact on both history and society.

但無論如何，地球自轉方向這樣看似簡單的事情，卻能對歷史和社會產生如此巨大的影響，實在令人著迷。

The processes that govern how the Earth operates are complicated, but anybody can learn how it all works.

支配地球運作的過程很複雜，但任何人都可以瞭解它是如何運作的。

If you're a viewer of real life floor, you're probably someone who likes learning about interesting things.

如果你是真人地板的觀眾，你可能是一個喜歡瞭解有趣事物的人。

And one of my favorite subjects is simple physics.

而我最喜歡的科目之一就是簡單的物理。

Things can seem pretty simple at first, but physics gets much more complicated the more you learn about it.

事情一開始看起來很簡單，但物理學越學越複雜。

And it could have some very useful real world applications if you want to learn how to apply the principles of physics and scientific thinking than brilliant has.

而且如果你想學習如何應用物理學原理和科學思維，它可以有一些非常有用的現實世界的應用，比輝煌有。

A lot, of course, is to help, ranging from the basics of everyday physics to the weirdness of special relativity and quantum objects.

當然，很多都是為了幫助大家，從日常物理學的基礎知識，到狹義相對論和量子物體的怪異，都有涉及。

Like all of their courses, these do an amazing job of breaking down complex subjects into intuitive, simple chunks and then bringing all those together.

就像他們所有的課程一樣，這些課程在將複雜的主題分解成直觀、簡單的塊狀，然後將所有這些課程整合在一起方面做得非常好。

Of course, these are just a few of brilliance courses, and if physics isn't for you, there are tons of others in a wide variety of subjects toe, learn more about brilliant, go to brilliant dot org's such real life floor and sign up for free.

當然，這些只是輝煌的幾門課程，如果物理不適合你，還有其他大量的各種科目的課程，瞭解更多關於輝煌的資訊，可以去輝煌點點網的這種實戰樓層免費報名。

And then the 1st 200 people to go to that length will also get 20% off of their annual premium subscription.

然後前200名走到這個長度的人還可以獲得年度高級訂閱的8折優惠。

Thank you for watching and supporting the channel.

謝謝您對頻道的觀看和支持。