Name: 魔法蘑菇如何影響你的大腦 (How Magic Mushrooms Affect Your Brain)
Uploaded: 2020-12-16T18:27:40.000Z
Duration: 4 min 30 s

Narrator: This is the map of a typical human brain,

旁白：這是一張典型的人腦地圖。

and this is the map of a brain on psilocybin,

the psychoactive compound in magic mushrooms.

所有這些新的連接，你可以看到

is one of today's most talked-about drugs

Worldwide, more than 180 species of mushrooms

produce psilocybin, likely as a defense strategy.

生產psilocybin，很可能是一種防禦策略。

may dampen the appetite of predatory insects like ants

可抑制螞蟻等捕食性昆蟲的食慾。

so that they feel full long before eating their way

以致於他們在吃東西之前就已經飽了。

Humans, on the other hand, well, they trip.

另一方面，人類，好吧，他們旅行。

Johnson: Psilocybin is a so-called classic psychedelic,

約翰遜。Psilocybin是一個所謂的經典迷幻藥。

so it's in the same category as drugs like LSD

所以它和LSD之類的毒品是同一類的。

and works in the brain in basically the same way.

和在大腦中的工作方式基本相同。

Narrator: When you take psilocybin, your gut converts it

當你服用psilocybin時當你服用psilocybin時，你的腸胃會將其轉化為... ...

into another chemical, known as psilocin,

變成另一種化學物質，即psilocin。

which binds to serotonin receptors called 2A,

它與血清素受體結合，稱為2A。

You've got increased activity in the visual cortex,

which leads to changes in your perception,

in the default mode network, which leads to a loss of ego.

在默認模式的網絡中，這導致自我的損失。

Johnson: And that may be why people often report

約翰遜。這可能是為什麼人們經常報告

a profound sense of unity, transcending beyond themselves.

Johnson: Because of that receptor activation,

約翰遜：因為那個受體激活了。

in the way that different areas of the brain

旁白：把它想象成一個管絃樂隊

Normally, the brain has different musical groups

正常情況下，大腦有不同的音樂組

Johnson: A sextet there, here's a quartet there.

約翰遜。這裡有一個六人組，這裡有一個四人組。

This one's playing jazz. This one's classical,

這個是演奏爵士樂。這個是古典音樂

Johnson: So there is this communication between areas

約翰遜：所以，領域之間有這種溝通

that are normally kind of compartmentalized

Narrator: Scientists believe that it's a combination

旁白：科學家認為這是一種組合

of these effects that make psilocybin so useful

When new areas in the brain start talking to each other,

當大腦中的新區域開始相互交流時。

for example, you might have new insights into old problems.

例如，你可能對老問題有新的見解。

And that's why some experts describe tripping

這也是為什麼有些專家將跳閘描述為：

And then dissolving your ego, Johnson says...

約翰遜說，然後溶解你的自我... ...

Narrator: And there's actually an increasing amount

旁白：而且實際上有越來越多的

researchers gave cancer patients with depression

研究人員給患有抑鬱症的癌症患者

a large dose of psilocybin, and even six months later,

大劑量的psilocybin，甚至半年後。

at least 80% of them showed significant decreases

至少有80%的人出現了顯著的下降。

And research on addiction is equally promising.

而對成癮的研究同樣大有可為。

In a study led by Johnson, 15 volunteers took psilocybin

在約翰遜上司的一項研究中，15名志願者服用了psilocybin。

for the drug varenicline, which is widely considered

的藥物伐尼克林，該藥被廣泛認為是

the best smoking-cessation drug out there.

psilocybin is still listed as a Schedule I drug,

that have no currently accepted medical use

Now, taking magic mushrooms recreationally

約翰遜：所以一個戲劇性的例子是

driving under the influence of psilocybin

or using it in a way that interferes with your job,

或以干擾你工作的方式使用它。

or your family relations, or your schoolwork, for example.

或你的家庭關係，或你的功課，例如。

它實際上是最安全的藥物在那裡。

In 2018, for example, just 0.3% of people

who reported taking them needed medical emergency treatment,

報告服用這些藥物的人需要緊急醫療。

compared to 0.9% for ecstasy and 1.3% for alcohol.

綜合來看，這也是為什麼有些州的

to decriminalize psilocybin, including Denver,

將迷幻藥非刑罪化，包括丹佛。

which, in May of 2019, became the first ever to succeed.

其中，在2019年5月，成為史上第一個成功。

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魔法蘑菇如何影響你的大腦 (How Magic Mushrooms Affect Your Brain)

essentially

perception

depression

strategy