Name: 2020年美國大選。什麼是選舉團？- BBC新聞 (US election 2020: What is the electoral college? - BBC News)
Uploaded: 2020-12-15T20:26:39.000Z
Duration: 3 min

情態助動詞 B1

S election is over and Joe Biden has secured the presidency with 80 million votes.

斯大選已經結束，喬-拜登以8000萬張選票穩坐總統寶座。

But there's still a significant step to go on December 14th, and it all comes down to how the U.

但12月14日還有重要的一步，這一切都取決於美國如何。

When Americans went to the polls, they weren't technically voting for Donald Trump or Joe Biden.

當美國人去投票時，嚴格來說，他們並沒有投票給唐納德-特朗普或喬-拜登。

But for members of something called the Electoral College, the word college simply refers to a group of people or electors with a shared task to choose the president of the United States.

但對於被稱為選舉團的成員來說，學院這個詞只是指一群有共同任務的人或選舉人，以選擇美國總統。

The system goes back more than 200 years.

這個系統可以追溯到200多年前。

The founders of the United States wanted to establish a democratic system, but we're concerned that a direct popular vote might lead to the election of an unsuitable president.

美國的締造者們希望建立一個民主的制度，但我們擔心直接的民眾投票可能會導致選出一個不合適的總統。

Electors were settled on as a compromise.

選舉人是作為一種折衷辦法解決的。

Each state was given a number of electors based roughly on the size of its population.

每個州都有一個大致基於其人口數量的選舉人數量。

Today there are 538 electors, and the successful presidential candidate will need to get a majority of these at least 270 in order to win.

今天有538名選民，成功的總統候選人需要獲得其中至少270名的多數票才能獲勝。

In most states, the candidate who wins the popular vote gets the support of all of that state's electors, for example, whether a winning candidate gets 99 or 51% of the vote in California, they would still receive all the states 55 electoral College votes.

在大多數州，贏得普選票的候選人會得到該州所有選民的支持，例如，無論獲勝的候選人在加州獲得99%或51%的選票，他們仍然會獲得所有州的55張選舉團票。

That's why it's possible for a candidate to lose the popular vote across the country, but still secure a majority of Electoral College votes and become president.

這就是為什麼一個候選人有可能失去全國各地的普選票，但仍能獲得選舉團的多數票，成為總統。

That's what happened in 2016, when Trump secured the presidency despite getting almost three million fewer votes than his election rival.

這就是2016年發生的事情，儘管特朗普獲得的選票比他的競選對手少了近300萬張，但他還是獲得了總統職位。

Two out of the last six elections were won by candidates who had fewer votes than their rivals, although this hadn't happened for more than 100 years before the 2000 election.

在過去的六次選舉中，有兩次是由得票數少於對手的候選人贏得的，儘管在2000年選舉之前的100多年裡，這種情況從未發生過。

What all this means is that campaigns often focus on strategies that help secure the 270 electoral votes needed to win.

這一切意味著，競選活動往往集中在有助於確保贏得所需的270張選舉票的戰略上。

They tend to target battleground or swing states rather than trying to turn out voters in states which consistently vote for the same party.

他們傾向於以戰場或搖擺州為目標，而不是試圖在一直投票給同一政黨的州中吸引選民。

In fact, in the 2020 presidential election, 12 battleground states on 96% of campaign events.

事實上，在2020年總統大選中，12個戰地州的競選活動佔96%。

33 states son no events at all, So the 538 members of the Electoral College play a crucial role in how the president of the United States is elected.

33個州的兒子完全沒有事件，所以選舉團的538名成員對美國總統的選舉方式起著至關重要的作用。

 Over the years, there have been efforts to change the electoral college system, but proponents say it helps deliver decisive results across a vast country, and everyone knows the rules of the game before Election Day. 

多年來，人們一直在努力改變選舉團制度，但支持者說，它有助於在廣大的國家提供決定性的結果，每個人都知道選舉日之前的遊戲規則。