Name: 2020年獲獎視頻的微觀世界｜深奧的科學 (The 2020 Award-Winning Videos Of The Microscopic World | Deep Science)
Uploaded: 2020-12-15T18:36:01.000Z
Duration: 6 min 29 s

This is some of the best microscopic footage of the year.

It's from Nikon Small World in motion competition, where the best entries air selected for their beauty and uniqueness.

這是尼康 "小世界 "運動競賽中的作品，最佳作品因其美麗和獨特而被選中。

But there's much more to these images than their eye catching appearance.

但是，這些圖片除了吸引眼球的外觀之外，還有更多的意義。

They're also helping to answer some of the world's biggest questions.

他們也在幫助回答一些世界上最大的問題。

Researchers captured this process of melanoma cells, morphing into two compartments footage obtained by placing the cancer cell under extreme confinement.

研究人員捕捉到了黑色素瘤細胞的這一過程，通過將癌細胞置於極度密閉狀態下獲得的變形為兩個隔間的鏡頭。

We can create environments in which we manage the micro environment of the human body, and we're watching the cell adapt and move in this micro environment.

我們可以創造環境，管理人體的微環境，我們在觀察細胞在這個微環境中的適應和移動。

So we call one part the small round part of cell body and the loan part leader blob and the leader.

所以我們把一部分稱為細胞體的小圓部分，把貸款部分稱為上司小球和上司。

曇花一現也總是引領著細胞體。

It's other location during cell motility.

這是細胞運動過程中的另一個位置。

Knowing how cells adapt and change in this environment is a vital piece of information on how cancers form and move throughout the body.

瞭解細胞如何在這種環境中適應和改變是關於癌症如何形成和在體內移動的重要資訊。

Hopefully, one day we can help reduce the spread of cancer, and he isn't alone.

希望有一天，我們能幫助減少癌症的傳播，他並不孤單。

Scientists glorious Latam and Stefan Detwiler were able to track the development and movement of cancerous cells in a zebrafish embryo the small blue dot you can see moving through the pink and purple dots in other cells.

科學家光榮的Latam和Stefan Detwiler能夠跟蹤斑馬魚胚胎中癌細胞的發展和移動，你可以看到的小藍點通過其他細胞中的粉紅色和紫色點移動。

Thes dots air thanks to a fluorescent component that can refused to any protein first extracted from jellyfish by the late noble prize winner Roger Chen.

Thes dots air thanks to a fluorescent component that can refused to any protein first extracted from jellyfish by late noble prize winner Roger Chen.

By filming the whole teach you, we can actually analyze what happens in the whole animals, but then we consume in and look with very precision that was happening in particular cells.

通過拍攝整個教你，我們實際上可以分析在整個動物中發生了什麼，但我們消費在和看非常精確的發生在特定的細胞。

And since zebrafish share over 70% of their genetic building blocks with humans, this footage can help inform research on how cancer cells interact in humans only if we know the context of a cell, we can truly understand how it migrates through a body and how it interacts and which cells are important on its path through a body.

而由於斑馬魚與人類共享超過70%的基因構件，是以，只有瞭解一個細胞的背景，我們才能真正瞭解它如何在身體中遷移，如何互動，以及哪些細胞在它通過身體的路徑上是重要的，這個鏡頭可以為研究癌細胞如何在人類中互動提供資訊。

The more information scientists gather in this area, the more they'll be able to detect cancer cells earlier information and understand their movements after.

科學家們在這方面收集的資訊越多，就越能更早地檢測出癌細胞的資訊，並瞭解它們之後的動向。

But this type of microscopic imagery of zebrafish isn't limited to just cancer research.

但這種斑馬魚的顯微影像並不僅僅限於癌症研究。

It can also help in understanding human body development.

The zebra fish is a really great model because it's obviously transparent as it develops, and we can watch blood vessels as they grow.

斑馬魚是一個非常棒的模型，因為它在發育的過程中明顯是透明的，我們可以觀察血管的生長。

That's exactly what you've been watching here.

A zebrafish embryo developing and forming blood vessels, the speckles shown in green.

斑馬魚胚胎髮育並形成血管，綠色所示為斑點。

We're interested in the genes that are involved in determining which vessels, their arteries and veins were interested in.

我們對參與決定哪些血管，他們的動脈和靜脈的基因感興趣。

How blood vessels nowhere to grow in the developing embryo.

血管在發育中的胚胎怎麼無處生長。

Blood vessel development allows researchers like Daniel to track and monitor how blood moves in the early stages of body formation, a vital piece in the puzzle.

血管的發育使像丹尼爾這樣的研究人員能夠跟蹤和監測血液在身體形成的早期階段是如何移動的，這是拼圖中的重要部分。

When developing targeted therapies for cancer treatments, you can also use similar techniques.

在開發癌症治療的靶向療法時，你也可以使用類似的技術。

Toe Learn how that blood is pumped in the first place by looking at microscopic hearts, a two day old zebrafish heart.

腳趾通過觀察微觀的心臟，一個兩天大的斑馬魚的心臟，瞭解那血液是如何被泵送的。

To be precise, there's about 1% of babies that are born with heart defects for the U.

準確地說，有大約1%的嬰兒出生時有心臟缺陷，為美國。

And if you want to help these kids, we need to get a lot more information about hearts before they're born.

如果你想幫助這些孩子， 我們需要得到更多的資訊 關於心臟在他們出生之前。

Looking at how the heart works in microscopic detail is a major step.

從微觀上看心臟如何工作是一個重要步驟。

There's always been a sort of a question of how this heart pump, what are the minimal elements required to pump blood in the heart, and that's what I'm trying to uncover.

一直以來，人們都有一種疑問，這個心臟是如何泵血的，心臟泵血所需的最低要素是什麼，這也是我想揭開的。

Anjali and her colleagues watch the beating zebrafish hearts to pinpoint specific functions and mechanisms like how the heartbeats without backward blood flow, which will help uncover these mysteries and, importantly, help prevent birth defects.

Anjali和她的同事們觀察斑馬魚的心臟跳動，以確定具體的功能和機制，比如在沒有血液倒流的情況下，心臟是如何跳動的，這將有助於揭開這些謎團，重要的是，有助於預防出生缺陷。

And this technology is advancing so much that scientists are now even ableto look at microscopic images of our brain because this isn't a dazzling lightning strike in the night sky, it's actually growing brain cells.

而這一技術的發展，科學家們現在甚至能夠看到我們大腦的微觀影像，因為這不是夜空中耀眼的閃電，它實際上是在生長腦細胞。

Andy More, a postdoctoral associate at the Howard Hughes Medical Institute, looked at the growth of active neurons in rat embryos.

霍華德-休斯醫學研究所的博士後安迪-莫爾研究了大鼠胚胎中活躍神經元的生長情況。

This footage shows a critical step in brain development the period when the neuron decides which of the many nure ites become the acts on the part that will be in charge of sending an electric current.

這段錄像顯示了大腦發育的關鍵一步，即神經元決定在眾多nure ites中哪一個成為負責發送電流的部分的行為的時期。

And until images such as Andy's, this information wasn't properly understood.

而在安迪等人的影像之前，這些資訊並沒有被正確理解。

Turns out a lot of these things that we thought we understood really well from textbooks, maybe didn't get things quite Aziz right as they could have now that we have the live movies in front of us and all these new technologies that way, usedto look at those questions and and his team can start to look at how neurons transmit, function and develop in extreme detail, as well as looking at how these cells grow and how proteins within the brain move and push things around, which in turn allows them and other researchers to see how severe neurological diseases like a L s form as well.

原來很多這些事情，我們認為我們從教科書上了解得很清楚，也許沒有把事情弄得很阿齊茲正確，因為他們可以有現在我們面前的現場電影和所有這些新技術，以這種方式，用來看這些問題和他的團隊可以開始看神經元如何傳輸，功能和發展的極端細節，以及看這些細胞如何生長和大腦內的蛋白質如何移動和推動周圍的東西，這反過來又讓他們和其他研究人員看到如何嚴重的神經系統疾病，如一個L s的形式以及。

But other images in the competition went a little more old school and help shed light on important ecosystems.

但比賽中的其他圖片則更老派一些，有助於揭示重要的生態系統。

Erik Lind captured this collection of images of a freshwater snail embryo in which you can see the heartbeat as it develops.

Erik Lind拍攝了這組淡水蝸牛胚胎的圖片，你可以看到它發育時的心跳。

And Richard Kirby, ah, plankton specialist, captured this horseshoe worm larva thes species might not be as well known as other stars of aquatic life, but it's one of the biggest hidden worlds of life on this planet.

浮游生物專家理查德-柯比 捕捉到了這隻馬蹄蟲幼蟲 這個物種可能不像其他水生生物的明星那樣為人所知 但它是這個星球上最大的生命隱祕世界之一

Then changes at the bottom will translate to changes at the top.

那麼底部的變化就會轉化為頂部的變化。

So looking at the base of the marine food chain gives you a a way to understand what's happening in the ecosystem and changing the ecosystem in particular.

所以，從海洋食物鏈的基礎上看，你可以瞭解生態系統中發生了什麼，特別是改變了生態系統。

But this year's winner of the Small World in motion competition wasn't alive.

但今年的動感小世界大賽的冠軍並不在世。

The star of the show was a simple water droplet, technically micro droplets that are 80% water and 20% ethanol.

節目中的明星是一個簡單的水滴，技術上說是80%的水和20%的乙醇的微滴。

The video was taken by Xiaoyan and Causey Robbie, whose research focuses on creating surfaces that repel water, which you can see happening in the video, something that could help manufacturers create energy efficient technologies like improving air conditioning units or stopping pipes from freezing in the winter time, or even preventing your glasses from fogging up.

這段視頻是由Xiaoyan和Causey Robbie拍攝的，他們的研究重點是創造能夠排斥水的表面，你可以在視頻中看到這種情況的發生，這種情況可以幫助製造商創造節能技術，比如改進空調設備或阻止管道在冬季時間凍結，甚至防止你的眼鏡起霧。

 And it's this image that encapsulates what microscopic images do best, bringing us all into the unseen world of the small and minuscule and offering a vision of the future, okay? 

而正是這幅畫面，囊括了微觀影像最擅長的地方，將我們大家帶入了看不見的小而微的世界，為我們提供了一個對未來的憧憬，好嗎？

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2020年獲獎視頻的微觀世界｜深奧的科學 (The 2020 Award-Winning Videos Of The Microscopic World | Deep Science)

vital

determine

extreme

develop