Name: 波蘭為什麼會發生大規模的抗議活動 (Why Poland is having huge protests)
Uploaded: 2020-12-15T18:10:26.000Z
Duration: 8 min 15 s

since the fall of communism more than 30 years ago.

自30多年前共產主義垮臺以來，。

Hundreds of thousands are protesting, in cities across the country,

數十萬人正在抗議，在全國各城市。

because the party in power here is on the verge of eliminating a woman's right to an abortion.

因為這裡的執政黨即將取消婦女的墮胎權。

At the heart of these protests are young women:

這些抗議活動的核心是年輕婦女。

those who are the most threatened by the new ruling.

And that's because these protesters aren't just concerned

這是因為這些抗議者不僅僅是關心

about the future of abortion rights in Poland.

They're worried about the future of the country itself.

他們擔心的是國家本身的未來。

In the late 1980s, Poland got rid of its decades-long communist regime.

20世紀80年代末，波蘭擺脫了長達幾十年的共產主義政權。

Soon, it became a thriving democracy, with a strong catholic identity.

很快，它就成為一個繁榮的民主國家，具有強烈的天主教特徵。

It also passed one of the strictest laws on abortion in all of Europe.

它還通過了全歐洲最嚴格的墮胎法之一。

Under the law, women were only allowed  to have an abortion under three circumstances:

根據法律規定，女性只有在三種情況下才可以進行人工流產。

if the pregnancy was a threat to the health of the mother,

如果懷孕對母親的健康構成威脅；

or if the fetus had severe and irreversible abnormalities.

或者胎兒有嚴重的、不可逆的畸形。

The law has remained this way for nearly 30 years.

And today, it makes Poland an outlier in Europe,

而今天，它使波蘭成為歐洲的一個異類。

where virtually every other country allows  abortions under a broad range of circumstances.

幾乎所有其他國家都允許在各種情況下進行墮胎。

But some in Poland thought those strict laws still weren't enough.

但波蘭的一些人認為這些嚴格的法律還是不夠的。

In 2015, Poland elected the right-wing party Law and Justice into power.

2015年，波蘭選舉右翼政黨法律與正義黨上臺。

"Very close to the totalitarian way of thinking,

"非常接近極權主義的思維方式。

as far as women's health, women's rights, and women's personhood is concerned."

就婦女的健康、婦女的權利和婦女的人格而言，"

In 2016, the party backed legislation  to eliminate all three legal paths to abortion.

2016年，該黨支持立法取消所有三種合法的墮胎途徑。

The legislation proposed imprisoning women seeking abortions,

該立法建議對尋求墮胎的婦女進行監禁。

and doctors who performed them, for up to five years.

以及為他們實施手術的醫生，最長可達5年。

They would even investigate miscarriages.

"This is something that is incredible, you know?

"這是不可思議的事情，你知道嗎？

It really turns us back to the Middle Ages.

The limitation of human rights went far too far."

pushing back against the law, in what were called the Black Protests.

推翻法律，在所謂的黑色抗議。

In the face of this opposition, the legislation was withdrawn.

在這種反對聲中，立法被撤回。

Poland would still have one of the strictest abortion laws in Europe,

波蘭仍將擁有歐洲最嚴格的墮胎法之一。

But instead of giving up on the abortion ban,

但是，在禁止墮胎的問題上並沒有放棄。

Law & Justice started dismantling the country's ability to oppose one.

法律與正義》開始拆解國家的能力，反對一。

In Poland's democracy, some legislation passed by Parliament

在波蘭的民主制度中，議會通過的一些立法。

to ensure it's consistent with the country's constitution.

This court has 15 judges, and it serves as the main check on the ruling party.

該法院有15名法官，是對執政黨的主要制衡。

It's supposed to function as an independent branch of the government.

它應該作為政府的一個獨立部門發揮作用。

But upon taking power, Law & Justice started to erode that independence.

但上臺後，法律與司法開始侵蝕這種獨立性。

who had been appointed by the previous government,

and replaced them with judges who would be loyal to them,

並以忠於他們的法官取而代之。

who has the ability to determine which judges hear what cases.

有能力決定哪些法官審理哪些案件；

And of the judges they have appointed legally, many are actually fellow politicians,

而在他們依法任命的法官中，很多其實是政客的同僚。

further compromising the independence of the court.

This has created a tribunal in which 14 of 15 judges are aligned with the ruling party.

這就形成了一個15名法官中有14名與執政黨結盟的法庭。

And the legitimacy of several of them is widely disputed,

而其中幾家的合法性也受到廣泛爭議。

This version of the court has never decided a case against the ruling party.

這個版本的法院從未判決過對執政黨不利的案件。

"The fact that this Constitutional Tribunal is acting on the behalf of the political party

"事實上，這個憲法法庭是代表政黨行事的。

is just the opposite of what the Constitutional Tribunal should do."

正好與憲法法庭應該做的事情相反。"

It was under these circumstances that Law & Justice sought a new ruling

正是在這種情況下，"法律與正義 "組織要求作出新的裁決。

from the Constitutional Tribunal on the country's abortion laws,

憲法法庭關於該國墮胎法的報告。

that would eliminate one of the three bases for legal abortion:

這將消除合法墮胎的三個基礎之一。

And while it might seem like that would only prevent some abortions,

雖然看起來這樣做只能防止一些人流。

fetal abnormalities are the reason for 98% of abortions in Poland.

胎兒畸形是波蘭98%墮胎的原因；

In other words, without technically banning abortions,

換句話說，在技術上不禁止墮胎的情況下。

the change would make them virtually impossible.

這種變化將使它們幾乎不可能。

Nearly 80% of Poles disagreed with this change.

近八成的波蘭人不同意這一變化。

But on October 22nd, the Constitutional Tribunal ruled in its favor:

但在10月22日，憲法法庭做出了對其有利的裁決。

That the overwhelming majority of abortions in Poland were unconstitutional.

波蘭絕大多數的墮胎都是違憲的；

The ruling brought Poles back into the streets,

這一裁決讓波蘭人重新走上街頭。

"These protests are really different from what we've seen for the last four years,

"這些抗議活動與我們過去四年所看到的確實不同。

because there are thousands and thousands of young people attending these protests,

因為有成千上萬的年輕人参加這些抗議活動。

and also, these are the most grassroots,  independent protests that we've ever had."

而且，這些都是我們有史以來最草根、最獨立的抗議活動。"

In the face of the protests, the government has delayed taking the steps

面對抗議活動，政府遲遲沒有采取措施。

As of this video, it's unclear when, or if, they will.

截至這段視頻，目前還不清楚他們何時，或者是否會。

But these protests are as much about how this ruling came together,

但這些抗議活動就像這個裁決是如何形成的一樣。

MARTA LEMPART: "It started with abortion. Now we fight for freedom, for everything."

MARTA LEMPART："它始於墮胎。現在我們為自由而戰，為一切而戰"。

Outside of Poland, the world has noticed.

在波蘭之外，全世界都注意到了。

International organizations have stopped considering it a full democracy.

國際組織已經不再認為它是一個完全的民主國家。

And the changes to its legal system have put Poland's European Union membership at risk.

而其法律制度的變化，使波蘭的歐盟成員國身份面臨風險。

30 years ago, Poland enthusiastically embraced democracy.

30年前，波蘭熱情地接受了民主。

Today, its ruling party is trying to rig the country's democratic institutions in its favor.

今天，它的執政黨正試圖操縱國家的民主體制，以利於它。

And it's the people who are fighting to protect them.

"Despite the fact that this government is responsible for destroying

all the democratic tools that we have in our Constitution,

我們在憲法中擁有的所有民主工具。

you still have the nation, the citizens in this country,

你還有國家，這個國家的公民。

字幕列表影片播放

波蘭為什麼會發生大規模的抗議活動 (Why Poland is having huge protests)

overwhelming

eliminate

thrive

embrace