Name: 美國芬太尼的歷史｜與瑪麗安娜-範-澤勒一起販賣芬太尼。 (History of Fentanyl in America | Trafficked with Mariana van Zeller)
Uploaded: 2020-12-06T18:25:59.000Z
Duration: 3 min 42 s

I'm going deep inside the fentanyl pipeline to see exactly how it's fueling the most devastating drug epidemic in U.

我要深入芬太尼管道內部，看看它到底是如何助長美國最具破壞性的毒品流行的。

Yeah, fentanyl is a synthetic opioid 50 to 100 times stronger than morphine, making it the most potent narcotic in clinical use.

是啊，芬太尼是一種合成的阿片類藥物，比嗎啡強50到100倍，使其成為臨床上最強效的麻醉劑。

I'm hoping, really, really hoping that God knows what he's doing here.

我希望，真的，真的希望上帝知道他在這裡做什麼。

The drug acts on natural opioid receptors or pleasure centers in the brain.

該藥物作用於大腦中的天然阿片受體或快樂中心。

Our bodies opioid receptors are found in the same parts of the brain that control emotions and physical pain.

我們的身體阿片受體被發現在大腦中控制情緒和身體疼痛的相同部位。

The drug takes over these receptors, believing pain and creating a state of euphoria.

藥物接管這些受體，相信疼痛，創造一種興奮的狀態。

But abusing these receptors are dangerous and even deadly opioid abuse can lead to respiratory depression or slow and shallow breathing, which can be fatal.

但濫用這些受體是危險的，甚至是致命的阿片類藥物濫用會導致呼吸抑制或緩慢而淺薄的呼吸，這可能是致命的。

The chief is in there trying to revive this patient.

Fennel was first created in Belgium in 1960 by Dr Paul Janson.

1960年，比利時的Paul Janson博士首次創造了茴香。

Janson was the founder of Janssen Pharmaceutica, which is now owned by Johnson and Johnson.

詹森是楊森製藥公司的創始人，該公司現在屬於強生公司。

Fentanyl, like most opioids, was made with the purpose of helping patients relieved the most severe forms of pain from patients in surgery to patients battling cancer in hospital settings.

芬太尼，就像大多數阿片類藥物一樣，製造的目的是幫助患者緩解最嚴重的疼痛形式，從手術中的患者到醫院環境中與癌症作鬥爭的患者。

The drug became revolutionary for pain management during the early to mid 19 sixties, heart surgery was new, and previous types of anesthesia were causing cardiac arrests.

該藥在1960年代初至中期成為止痛的革命性藥物，當時心臟手術是新的，而以前的麻醉方式都會導致心臟驟停。

During surgery, researchers found that fentanyl had minimal effects on the heart and replaced morphine for cardiac anesthesiologist.

在手術過程中，研究人員發現芬太尼對心臟的影響微乎其微，並取代嗎啡成為心臟麻醉師。

By the 19 eighties, Ben Tunnel was also faster, acting more potent, inexpensive to create and could be administered in a multitude of different ways.

到了19世紀80年代，本隧道的速度也更快，作用更強，製造成本低廉，可以用多種不同的方式進行管理。

Over time, prescription opioids became more popular.

隨著時間的推移，處方阿片類藥物變得更加流行。

Pharmaceutical companies began marketing other opioids and assuring patients that the addiction risk was low.

製藥公司開始推銷其他阿片類藥物，並向患者保證成癮風險很低。

Less than 1% of patients taking opioids actually become addicted.

在服用阿片類藥物的患者中，真正成癮的不到1%。

Patients got addicted, and us was now dealing with an opioid epidemic.

病人上癮了，而我們現在正在處理阿片類藥物的流行。

Proximate cause for the prescription opioid epidemic in our state.

我州處方阿片類藥物流行的近似原因。

Our companies who marketed fraudulently the addictive qualities of the drug over two decades, Uh, in many cases knowing that there was a high probability that patients would become addicted when overdoses began to rise.

我們的公司誰營銷欺詐性的成癮素質的藥物超過二十年，呃，在許多情況下，知道有很大的概率，病人會成為癮，當過量開始上升。

Doctors made these drugs more difficult to obtain.

醫生讓這些藥物更加難以獲得。

But those already addicted turned to black market versions of these opioids like heroin by the 20 tens fentanyl was one of the deadliest drugs of abuse of the United States.

但那些已經上癮的人轉向這些阿片類藥物的黑市版本，如海洛因的20年代芬太尼是美國最致命的濫用藥物之一。

And in 2015 fentanyl traffic via Mexico emerged on the U.

而在2015年，經墨西哥的芬太尼交通出現在美國。

In recent years, 200 people die per day from drug overdoses in the United States.

近年來，美國每天有200人死於藥物過量。

The most recent cases of fentanyl related harm overdose and death in the United States are linked to illegally made fentanyl, and it remains one of the most difficult drugs to stop is wiping out a generation.

美國最近發生的與芬太尼相關的傷害過量和死亡案例都與非法制造的芬太尼有關，它仍然是最難阻止的毒品之一，正在消滅一代人。