Humanity is waging war on nature.

人類正在向大自然發動戰爭。

This is suicidal.

這是自殺。

Nature always strikes back, and it is already doing so with growing force and fury.

大自然總是進行反擊，而且已經在以越來越大的力量和憤怒進行反擊。

It is timeto flick the green switch.

是時候按下綠色開關了。

We have a chance not simply to resettle the economy, but to transform it.

我們有機會不只是重新安置經濟，而是要改造經濟。

Well, that was the U.

嗯，那是U。

N.

N.

Secretary General, Antonio Guterres today urging world leaders to make the fight against global warming a priority in 2021.

祕書長安東尼奧-古特雷斯今天敦促世界各國領導人將應對全球變暖作為2021年的優先事項。

The data from 2020 is already alarming.

從2020年的數據來看，已經是觸目驚心。

Two major U.

美國兩大。

N.

N.

Reports published today say this year is on track to be one of the hottest ever recorded, and they say human caused greenhouse gasses are to blame.

今天公佈的報告稱，今年有望成為有記錄以來最熱的一年，他們說人類造成的溫室氣體是罪魁禍首。

Now there is some progress.

現在有了一些進展。

127 countries are considering or have adopted net zero emissions targets, but the U.

127個國家正在考慮或已經通過淨零排放目標，但美國。

N says too many governments are still expanding their fossil fuel industries.

N說，太多的政府還在擴張他們的化石燃料產業。

All right for more.

好吧，更多。

Now let's cross over to Stanford in California and bring in Noah Defenbaugh, who's a climate scientist at Stanford.

現在讓我們穿越到加州的斯坦福大學，請出諾亞-德芬博，他是斯坦福大學的氣候科學家。

No, it's good to have you on the program.

不，很高興你能參加這個節目。

The words today from Antonio Gutierrez, a suicidal war on nature that some of the strongest language that we have ever heard from a U.

今天的話從安東尼奧-古鐵雷斯，對自然的自殺性戰爭，一些最強烈的語言，我們已經聽到從一個U。

N.

N.

Leader is this sense of urgency.

上司就是這種緊迫感。

Is it being matched in policy?

是否在政策上進行了匹配？

Well, the core of the climate challenge is really that, uh, you know, the the climate change is a side effect of energy consumption, uh, fossil fuel, energy consumption.

氣候挑戰的核心是 氣候變化是能源消耗的副作用 化石燃料和能源消耗。

And, uh, you know that that energy consumption is really critical for human well being.

而且，呃，你知道，能源消耗 真的是至關重要的人類福祉。

And the reality is we don't supply as much energy as we need to globally right now.

而現實是，我們現在供應的能源並沒有全球所需的那麼多。

So the real challenge is how to ensure that all people on Earth have access to the energy that's necessary for well being while simultaneously stabilizing the climate system.

是以，真正的挑戰是如何確保地球上所有的人都能獲得福祉所需的能源，同時穩定氣候系統。

And in order to stabilize the climate system, you know, we we will have to reach net zero emissions.

而為了穩定氣候系統，你知道，我們我們將不得不達到淨零排放。

That's just the fundamental physics of planet Earth.

這只是地球的基本物理學原理。

The rhetoric that's been coming from the incoming Joe Biden administration sounds good.

即將上任的喬-拜登政府的言論聽起來不錯。

He's He's even appointed John Kerry to be the special envoy for the climate.

他甚至任命約翰-克里為氣候問題特使。

Um, isn't the US though too far behind here to play catch up?

嗯，雖然美國在這裡不是太落後了，無法追趕嗎？

Well, uh, you know, the what's key about about global warming and climate change is really, uh you know the cumulative total emissions.

全球變暖和氣候變化的關鍵在於 累積的總排放量。

You know, the global warming that we get are essentially proportional to the total global emissions.

你知道，我們得到的全球變暖，基本上與全球總排放量成正比。

The U.

U.

S.

S.

Has been around ah quarter around 25% of the greenhouse gas emissions.

一直圍繞著啊季度25%左右的溫室氣體排放。

Historically the largest single, um, contributor to the total global warming to date, Um, and the U.

歷史上最大的單一，嗯，是迄今為止全球變暖總量的貢獻者，嗯，而美國。

S.

S.

Has also been a driver of innovation.

也一直是創新的動力。

California, for example, Where I live has, you know, has has been a real leader in being a test bed for climate policies for technologies, for showing that it's possible to, uh, decrease greenhouse gas emissions while also continuing to have economic growth and have have a vibrant economy.

加州，例如，我住的地方已經，你知道，已經是一個真正的領導者，在氣候政策的技術試驗檯，表明它是可能的，呃，減少溫室氣體排放，同時也繼續有經濟增長，有一個充滿活力的經濟。

We have a law a long way to go here in California to continue to address inequality.

在加州，我們要繼續解決不平等問題，法律還有很長的路要走。

But that's something that has been prioritized in the latest state climate policy.

但在最新的國家氣候政策中，這是優先考慮的事情。

So within the US on and with even within the federal government, there is a lot of leadership, and you know there's a potential to continue to accelerate that leadership in the years ahead.

是以，在美國內部，甚至在聯邦政府內部，有很多領導力，你知道在未來幾年，有可能繼續加速這種領導力。

We know that this is one of the hottest years on record, and I'm sure where you are you've seen or smelt the smoke from the California wildfires this year.

我們知道，這是有史以來最熱的一年，我敢肯定，無論你在哪裡，你都會看到或聞到今年加州野火的煙霧。

I mean, we're even talking about heat waves in the oceans now 2020 the warmest oceans have been in recorded history.

我的意思是，我們甚至在談論海洋中的熱浪，現在2020年是有史以來最溫暖的海洋。

That was part of the report that came out today.

這是今天發佈的報告的一部分。

Is it not a source of deep frustration to you that the U.

難道你不覺得美國的做法讓你深感沮喪嗎？

S, at least on a federal level, has sat this one out for four important years, You know, as scientists who are trying to understand the way the world works.

S，至少在聯邦層面上，已經坐了四年的重要時間，你知道，作為科學家誰試圖瞭解世界的工作方式。

We have learned a lot about the climate system over the last decade, in particular about how the global warming that's already happened is impacting people in ecosystems.

在過去的十年裡，我們瞭解了很多關於氣候系統的知識，特別是關於已經發生的全球變暖是如何影響生態系統中的人的。

The wildfires that you mentioned here in California, which absolutely have been nearby in the Bay Area and enveloped not just the Bay Area, but but so much of California and the West coast of the United States in smoke.

你提到的加州這裡的野火，絕對已經在灣區附近，不僅籠罩了灣區，還籠罩了加州和美國西海岸的大部分地區，煙霧繚繞。

Uh, you know, our our research shows that you know California, you know, is now experiencing about twice as many extreme wildfire weather days as four decades ago.

呃，你知道，我們我們的研究表明，你知道 加州，你知道，現在正在經歷大約兩倍的極端野火天氣天數 比40年前。

Three area burned in the western United States has increased around tenfold in the last four decades.

在過去的四十年裡，美國西部的三處燒燬面積增加了十倍左右。

About half of that is attributable to long term global warming.

其中約有一半是由於長期的全球變暖。

So we we have a much clearer understanding of the impacts of climate change here and now.

是以，我們我們對氣候變化的影響有了更清晰的認識，此時此地。

Uh, compared with with a decade or two ago, we also have a clear understanding that those impacts will accelerate.

呃，與十年或二十年前相比，我們也清楚地認識到，這些影響將加速。

Aziz Global warming continues.

阿齊茲 全球變暖仍在繼續。

Eso uh you know, really, we're in a situation where the more Goebel warming we get, the greater the risk, the more intense the impacts.

你知道，我們現在的情況是，戈貝爾變暖越多，風險越大，影響越大。

Reducing the level of global warming will reduced that intensification.

降低全球變暖的程度將減少這種加劇。

But we already know where we're experiencing impacts from the 1.1 degrees Celsius of warming we've already had, even at two degrees of warming or even at 1.5 degree of warming, we'll have Mawr Mawr intensification of risks relative to today.

但是我們已經知道我們在哪裡遇到了1.1攝氏度的升溫帶來的影響，甚至在升溫兩度甚至升溫1.5度的情況下，我們相對於今天的風險會有毛毛雨的加劇。

So, uh, it's it's, ah, a challenge.

所以，呃，這是... ...這是一個挑戰。

It's a solvable challenge.

這是一個可以解決的挑戰。

It will require increasing energy access.

這就需要增加能源供應。

Uh, d carbonized the energy system and adapting to climate change.

呃，d碳化能源系統和適應氣候變化。

Professor Noah.

諾亞教授。

Different ballot, Stanford University Professor, We appreciate your time and your insights tonight.

不同的選票，斯坦福大學教授，我們感謝你今晚的時間和你的見解。

Thank you very much.

非常感謝你。

Thank you.

謝謝你了