- 5G internet.

- 5G互聯網。

We've been talking about it for a while

我們已經討論了一陣子了。

and now it's finally starting to arrive.

現在終於開始到了。

It's a revolutionary kind of internet

這是一種革命性的互聯網

that promises to change everything from your phone,

承諾從你的手機上改變一切。

to home internet, to more futuristic fields

到家庭互聯網，到更多的未來領域

like self-driving cars and even remote surgery,

比如自動駕駛汽車，甚至遠程手術。

but 5G's also been in the headlines lately

但5G也是最近的頭條新聞。

for a lot of bad reasons with bizarre conspiracy theories

千古奇冤

and rumors.

和謠言。

So, to help clear things up, we're gonna explain to you,

所以，為了幫助澄清事情，我們要向你解釋。

what exactly 5G is, how we got here,

5G到底是什麼，我們是如何來到這裡的。

what the technology behind it is, and any real concerns

它背後的技術是什麼，以及任何真正的關注點。

that might exist around the new technology.

圍繞新技術可能存在的。

(chill music)

（寒蟬音樂）

So, what is 5G?

那麼，什麼是5G？

Well, 5G or fifth generation, is the next step

那麼，5G或者說第五代，就是下一步的目標了

in mobile internet technology.

在移動互聯網技術。

It's what all of the next wave of phones and tablets

這就是下一波手機和平板電腦的全部內容。

are gonna use for speeds that are even faster

將用於更快的速度

than the LTE networks that we already have.

比我們已有的LTE網絡。

Now, our news editor and reviewer, Chris Welch,

現在，我們的新聞編輯和評論員，克里斯-韋爾奇。

has actually been testing all these networks

其實一直在測試所有這些網絡

for awhile already, so he can actually tell you

已經有一段時間了，所以他實際上可以告訴你。

what it's like to use these speeds today.

今天使用這些速度是什麼感覺。

- Okay, so all the big US carriers are well underway

- 好了，美國的大型航母都在順利進行中了

with rolling out 5G, and by the end of this year,

與推出5G，並在今年年底前。

you should be able to get it wherever you live in the US,

你應該能夠得到它，無論你住在美國。

but what 5G means on each carrier is different.

但5G在每個運營商上的意義是不同的。

Speeds are different, coverage is different,

速度不同，覆蓋面不同。

so for the last year I've been testing out all the networks,

所以在過去的一年裡，我一直在測試所有的網絡。

Verizon, AT&T, T-Mobile, and Sprint is now part of that,

Verizon、AT&T、T-Mobile和Sprint現在是其中的一部分。

just to see how fast it is

拭目以待

and what a difference it makes in your day to day life.

以及它在你的日常生活中帶來的不同。

So let me try and explain.

所以讓我試著解釋一下。

Now Verizon's 5G is blazing fast;

現在，Verizon的5G速度非常快。

you can get download speeds of over one gigabyte per second.

您可以獲得每秒超過一GB的下載速度。

That's up to 10 times faster

那是10倍的速度

than most home wifi connections.

比大多數家庭wifi連接。

You can download a whole season of a TV show

你可以下載一整季的電視節目。

in just minutes, but the problem is coverage.

在短短几分鐘內，但問題是覆蓋面。

Verizon's 5G is very, very spotty.

Verizon的5G是非常非常不穩定的。

It's there on one street and gone the next,

這條街上有，下一條街上就沒了。

and indoor coverage is pretty much nonexistent.

和室內覆蓋率幾乎不存在。

That's because Verizon bases its whole 5G plan,

這是因為Verizon的整個5G計劃是基於。

for now, on what's called high band

暫且不說，就說所謂的 "高帶 "吧。

millimeter wave technology.

毫米波技術。

You've seen it in those commercials as ultra wideband 5G.

你在那些廣告中看到的是超寬帶5G。

But the issue is, the signal can't travel very far,

但問題是，信號不能傳得很遠。

so in an city where it wants to roll out 5G,

所以在一個想要推出5G的城市。

Verizon's gotta put up all these nodes all over the city,

威瑞森公司得把這些節點佈滿整個城市。

and that's not really practical to do nationwide,

而這在全國範圍內是不太實際的。

so later on this year, Verizon's also gonna turn on

所以今年晚些時候，Verizon的也要去打開

its low-band 5G network,

其低頻5G網絡。

but there the speeds aren't that much faster

但那裡的速度並沒有那麼快。

than what your LTE phone can do today.

比你現在的LTE手機能做的更多。

So for now, Verizon's 5G network isn't really

所以，目前，Verizon的5G網絡並不是真正的。

worth upgrading to a new phone for,

值得升級為新手機的。

unless you've got a node like right outside

除非你已經有了一個節點，比如外面的

your apartment or your house.

你的公寓或你的房子。

T-Mobile has the most comprehensive 5G plan

T-Mobile擁有最全面的5G計劃

of all the US carriers.

美國所有航空公司中。

It's also using millimeter wave on the high end,

在高端上也是用毫米波。

plus Sprint's midband spectrum in the middle,

再加上Sprint的中頻段頻譜在中間。

and it's own low-band 5G at the base.

和它自己的低頻5G在基。

Now Sprint's midband spectrum is much faster

現在Sprint的中頻段頻譜速度更快了。

than LTE is today.

比今天的LTE。

I was in Texas testing their 5G network

我在德州測試他們的5G網絡

and I got speeds of 300 megabytes per second.

我得到了每秒300兆字節的速度。

And unlike with Verizon, I could count on keeping

和Verizon不同的是，我可以指望保持。

that 5G signal wherever I went.

那5G信號，無論我走到哪裡。

Think of midband as the sweet spot for 5G.

將中頻段視為5G的甜蜜點。

It's much faster than phones today,

比現在的手機快多了。

it's not quite as fast as millimeter wave,

它沒有毫米波那麼快。

but it makes a big difference day to day.

但每天都有很大的不同。

And last is AT&T which has a similar strategy

最後是AT&T，它也有類似的策略

to Verizon, in that you get the high-band millimeter wave

到Verizon，在你得到高波段毫米波。

and low-band sub six 5G,

和低頻次6個5G。

but they're missing that middle part of the cake,

但他們缺少了蛋糕的中間部分。

that midband spectrum, so you'll have really fast speeds

所以你會有非常快的速度。

in small parts of some cities and somewhat faster speeds

在一些城市的小部分地區，以及一些更快的速度。

than your phone today everywhere else.

比你的手機今天其他地方。

Now none of this is to be confused with AT&T's fake 5G,

現在這些都不能和AT&T的假5G混為一談。

which is called 5GE.

這就是所謂的5GE。

You've probably seen it in your phone's status bar

你可能在你的手機狀態欄中看到過它。

at times.

有時。

That's just fast LTE.

這只是快速的LTE。

It's got nothing to do with real 5G

這和真正的5G沒有關係。

that's rolling out right now.

這是推出現在。

These are still the early days of 5G.

現在還是5G的早期階段。

We've seen less than a dozen phones hit the market

我們看到上市的手機不到十幾款

that offer these new faster speeds

提供這些新的更快的速度

and some of the early ones were very buggy

而且一些早期的產品很容易出問題。

and would overheat in the summer.

並會在夏天過熱。

Now those concerns, along with battery life,

現在這些顧慮，以及電池壽命。

have largely been overcome with Qualcomm's latest chips.

已在很大程度上被高通的最新芯片所克服。

We've seen those chips in the Galaxy S20, the LG V60,

我們已經在Galaxy S20、LG V60中看到了這些芯片。

and the OnePlus 8, all really great phones,

和OnePlus 8，都是非常棒的手機。

but we're still waiting for that first iPhone from Apple

但我們還在等待蘋果的第一部iPhone手機。

that has 5G and that's rumored

有5G的，而且是傳聞中的。

to come later on this fall in 2020.

將在2020年的今秋晚些時候到來。

(upbeat music)

(歡快的音樂)

- So, when we talk about 5G,

- 所以，當我們談論5G時。

we're not really talking about anything

我們什麼都不說

that's radically different than our current

迥異於我們現在的

and past mobile technology.

和過去的移動技術。

Let's put that in perspective.

讓我們把這個問題看清楚。

The earliest generation mobile technology, 1G networks,

最早的一代移動技術，1G網絡。

were launched back in the 80s.

早在80年代就推出了。

Unlike the other generations, 1G networks

與其他世代不同，1G網絡

used analog signals and could really only do voice calls.

使用的是模擬信號，真的只能做語音通話。

You've probably seen phones that use 1G networks

你可能已經看到了使用1G網絡的手機

like the Motorola Dynatac, that classic oversized cell phone

像摩托羅拉Dynatac，那款經典的超大號手機。

from 80s movies.

從80年代的電影。

2G networks kicked things up a notch.

2G網絡踢到了一個等級。

More bandwidth meant that in addition to calls,

更多的帶寬意味著，除了通話。

users could start sending data, enabling text messages,

用戶可以開始發送數據，啟用簡訊。

SMS, and even pictures, MMS.

簡訊，甚至圖片、彩信。

Later versions of 2G phones could even

後來版本的2G手機甚至可以

access basic internet, like the most famous 2G device

基本上網，比如最有名的2G設備

ever sold, the original iPhone.

曾經賣過，原來的iPhone。

3G networks offered even more bandwidth

3G網絡提供了更多的帶寬

and faster speeds, and 4G LTE,

和更快的速度，以及4G LTE。

which is what most of our current phones use,

這也是我們目前大多數手機所使用的。

made truly fast wireless internet a possibility.

讓真正快速的無線網絡成為可能。

And 5G, as Chris mentioned earlier,

而前面克里斯提到的5G。

takes things a step beyond even that,

甚至比這更進一步。

with speeds that are faster in some cases than home wifi.

與速度，在某些情況下比家庭wifi更快。

But the key thing is that all these technologies

但關鍵的是，所有這些技術

aren't fundamentally different.

並沒有本質上的區別。

They're all based on the same science,

他們都是基於相同的科學。

which means that it's time to talk

這意味著，是時候談談

about the electromagnetic spectrum.

關於電磁波譜。

This is the EM spectrum, the diagram of the different types

這就是電磁波譜，不同類型的圖。

of electromagnetic radiation that exists.

的電磁輻射，存在。

EM radiation is what we call a wave of photons

電磁輻射就是我們所說的光子波

traveling through space and all EM radiation,

穿越空間和所有電磁輻射。

be it AM radio waves, X-rays, infrared,

無論是AM無線電波，X射線，紅外線。

or even visible light fall somewhere

甚至可見光落在某處

on the electromagnetic spectrum.

在電磁波譜上。

The difference between harmful X-ray radiation

有害X射線輻射的區別

and benign AM radio, is simply the amount of energy it has.

而良性的AM電臺，只是它的能量大小而已。

Now, on the right end of the spectrum

現在，在光譜的右端

are low energy radio and microwaves,

是低能無線電和微波。

which are characterized by low frequency

其特點是低頻

and long wave lengths.

和長波長度。

As we travel up the spectrum, wave lengths get smaller,

隨著我們在頻譜上的移動，波長會越來越小。

frequencies get higher, and the amount of energy

頻率越高，能量越大。

being transmitted gets higher too.

正在傳輸的也越來越高。

AM radio, for example,

例如，AM電臺。

broadcasts between 540 and 1600 kilohertz.

540至1600千赫茲之間的廣播。

It's low energy, but those low wave lengths

它的能量很低，但那些低波長。

can travel incredibly far, up to 100 miles.

可以傳得很遠，最遠可以傳到100英里。

And depending on atmospheric conditions,

而根據大氣條件。

they can potentially span the globe

它們有可能橫跨全球

by bouncing off the atmosphere.

由大氣層反彈而來。

But again, quality suffers.

但品質又會受到影響。

- [Announcer] We hear sound originating at that very moment,

- [播音員]我們聽到了來自那個時刻的聲音。

hundreds, or even thousands of miles away.

數百甚至數千裡之外。

- Go up the spectrum though, to FM radio

- 不過要往上走，調頻廣播

which broadcasts at between 88 and 108 megahertz,

它的廣播頻率在88至108兆赫之間。

and you've got more bandwidth,

而且你有更多的帶寬。

which allows for higher quality broadcasts,

可以實現更高質量的廣播。

but your usable range decreases.

但你的可用範圍會減少。

It's the same basic idea with cellular data.

這和手機數據的基本思路是一樣的。

New generations allow us to improve

新一代人讓我們改進

our transmission technology,

我們的傳輸技術。

which leads to increased bandwidth and higher frequencies,

這導致帶寬增加，頻率提高。

which in turn leads to faster speeds.

這又導致了更快的速度。

But at the core, it's all the same basic technology

但核心都是一樣的基礎技術。

and the different types of 5G,

以及5G的不同類型。

actually illustrate this really well.

其實很好地說明了這一點。

For example, take AT&T and T-Mobile's low-band networks

例如，以AT&T和T-Mobile的低頻網絡為例。

which Chris referred to.

克里斯提到的。

They're in the 600 megahertz and 850 megahertz bands,

他們在600兆赫茲和850兆赫茲頻段。

effectively the same area of spectrum

同區

as existing LTE, but the fact that they're new bands

作為現有的LTE，但事實上它們是新的頻段。

of spectrum that aren't already clogged up

頻譜，而不是已經被堵塞的

with existing customers, combined with new transmission

與現有客戶，結合新的傳輸

technologies, means that these low-band 5G networks

技術，意味著這些低頻段的5G網絡。

can offer faster speeds than LTE,

可以提供比LTE更快的速度。

even though they're basically

儘管他們基本上

using the same spectrum bands as LTE.

使用與LTE相同的頻段。

And that low-band nature, also means that they can transmit

而這種低頻段的特性，也意味著他們可以傳輸。

over a much wider range than other types of 5G.

在比其他類型的5G更廣泛的範圍內。

It's why T-Mobile, for example,

比如T-Mobile，這就是為什麼。

can claim to have nationwide 5G coverage,

可以宣稱5G覆蓋全國。

while Verizon is stuck to just a few street corners.

而Verizon只停留在幾個街角。

Next is midband 5G, which is basically just used

其次是中頻段5G，基本只是用於

by Sprint and now T-Mobile, which owns Sprint.

由Sprint和現在擁有Sprint的T-Mobile。

Located at the 2.5 gigahertz range of the spectrum,

位於頻譜的2.5千兆赫範圍。

it offers faster speeds than low-band 5G,

它提供了比低頻段5G更快的速度。

but it has more limited range.

但它的範圍比較有限。

For comparison, 2.5 gigahertz is about the same area

相比之下，2.5千兆赫茲的面積差不多。

of the electromagnetic spectrum as your home wifi.

的電磁頻譜，作為你的家庭wifi。

Now midband is middle of the road in almost every respect.

現在中頻幾乎在各方面都是中庸的。

It's higher frequency and more bandwidth

它的頻率更高，帶寬更大

than low-band 5G, but it's not gonna be quite the speeds

比低頻5G，但它不會是相當的速度。

and frequency that you'll get from millimeter wave,

和頻率，你會從毫米波。

which is the ultra fast 5G.

也就是超快的5G。

Now these are located around 30 gigahertz,

現在這些位於30千兆赫茲左右。

much higher frequency than any other types of 5G

比其他類型的5G頻率高得多。

and they offer blazing fast speeds;

而且他們提供了極快的速度。

the ones Chris mentioned earlier from Verizon

克里斯早些時候提到的Verizon的那些

and in limited areas, T-Mobile, and AT&T,

以及在有限的地區，T-Mobile和AT&T。

but those radio waves are also really small,

但這些無線電波也真的很小。

between one and 10 millimeters, hence the name,

在一到十毫米之間，是以而得名。

which are actually really bad at passing through objects

其實很不擅長穿透物體

like walls or buildings, which means that the range

像牆壁或建築物，這意味著，範圍

is incredibly limited.

是非常有限的。

So even though it offers the fastest 5G speeds,

所以即使它提供了最快的5G速度。

it's also the 5G that you'll probably

這也是你可能會的5G。

end up using the least,

最終使用最少的。

because that rollout, it's just gonna be really small.

因為這種推出，它只是會是真的小。

But those increases in bandwidth are only part of the story.

但這些帶寬的增加只是故事的一部分。

A lot of the improvements in 5G,

5G的很多改進。

come from new transmission technology.

來自於新的傳輸技術。

Things like carrier aggregation,

比如運營商聚合。

which combine multiple LTE bands

其中結合了多個LTE頻段

into one data stream for faster speeds,

變成一個數據流，以獲得更快的速度。

or MIMO antennas, or multiple input multiple output,

或MIMO天線，或多輸入多輸出。

where we use antenna arrays, made up of lots

在這裡，我們使用天線陣列，由大量的

of little antennas to improve connectivity.

的小天線，以提高連接性。

(chill music)

（寒蟬音樂）

But is 5G, or really any cellular radiation, safe?

但5G，或者說真正的任何手機輻射，都是安全的嗎？

Well, there've been a lot of inaccuracies

嗯，有很多不準確的地方。

going around about 5G.

繞著5G走。

Some are completely absurd, like the idea that 5G

有些是完全荒謬的，比如說5G的想法。

somehow caused the coronavirus,

某種程度上造成了冠狀病毒。

but the simple answer is that 5G is basically the same

但簡單的答案是，5G基本上是一樣的。

as any other type of cellular radio technology

與其他類型的蜂窩無線電技術一樣

and we already have a pretty good idea

我們已經有一個相當不錯的想法

that cellular radiation is not harmful.

細胞輻射是無害的。

- Of course people are concerned a little

- 當然，人們有點擔心

about possible effects of the formation of cancer

癌症形成的可能影響

if you use your mobile phone a lot

如果你經常使用手機

or if you've been exposed continuously to radiation

或者如果你一直暴露在輻射下的話。

from cell towers.

從手機塔。

There's a lot of studies available

有很多的研究

on that sort of effect, but that's never been proven

但從未被證明過

that indeed there is a carcinogenic effect

確實有致癌作用。

of expose to radio frequency radiation.