And I'm Rob.

而我是羅布。

It's great that you're here to keep me company – to spend time

很高興你能在這裡陪我，陪我度過一段時光

with me so I don't get lonely – because loneliness is the subject

和我在一起，所以我不會感到孤獨--因為孤獨是主題。

of this programme.

本方案的。

It's good to be here, Neil.

很高興來到這裡，尼爾。

I think many of us have experienced loneliness at some point.

我想我們很多人都曾在某些時候經歷過孤獨。

Maybe you've felt lonely because all your friends have gone out for

也許你覺得孤獨，因為你所有的朋友都出去了。

dinner without you, or maybe you've felt lonely

沒有你的晚餐，或者你已經感到孤獨

just because you don't fit in somewhere.

只是因為你不適合的地方。

Yes, that's when we sometimes use the expression 'to

是的，這時我們有時會用 "要 "這個詞來表達。

feel lonely in a crowd'.

在人群中感到孤獨'。

Well, we'll be exploring if this is a new idea or something humans

好吧，我們將探索這是否是一個新的想法或人類的東西。

have always experienced, and along the way we'll be teaching

一直以來，我們都在經歷著，在這個過程中，我們會教

you some new vocabulary.

你的一些新詞彙。

But now I'm here to keep you company,

但現在我是來陪你的。

how about a question for me?

問我一個問題如何？

Of course! Well, one possibly lonely man is Mauro Morandi.

當然！好吧，一個可能是孤獨的人是Mauro Morandi。

He's lived alone on Budelli Island in Italy

他一個人住在意大利的Budelli島上。

for many years, but how many years exactly?

很多年了，但到底有多少年？

Is it: a) 6 years, b) 31 years, or

是：a)6年，b)31年，還是。

c) 44 years?

c) 44年？

Umm 44 years would be tough, as would 31, so I'll go for 6 years.

呃44年很難熬，31年也很難熬，所以我就選6年吧。

OK, Rob, we'll find out later if that's right.

好了，羅布，我們以後會發現，如果這是正確的。

Now, I'm sure we all want to be alone from time to time, to escape

現在，我相信我們都想一個人靜靜地待著，時不時地逃避一下

the demands of our colleagues or the pressures of real life,

同事的要求或現實生活的壓力。

but would we really want to be totally alone?

但我們真的想完全孤獨嗎？

Well, I certainly wouldn't.

嗯，我當然不會。

And research has found that prolonged social isolation is bad for us,

而研究發現，長期的社會隔離對我們不利。

particularly mentally.

尤其是精神上。

It's an interesting topic, and one that the BBC Radio 4 programme

這是一個有趣的話題，也是英國廣播公司第四臺的節目

Thinking Aloud has been exploring.

思考》一直在探索。

Its guest, Fay Bound Alberti, Reader in History at the University

其嘉賓，大學歷史學博士費-邦德-阿爾貝蒂。

of York, explained how loneliness is a relatively

約克大學的教授解釋了孤獨是如何成為一個相對來說很重要的問題。

new emotional state.

新的情緒狀態。

A state is a condition at a particular time.

狀態是指特定時間的狀況。

Let's hear what she had to say about references

讓我們來聽聽她對參考資料的看法吧

to loneliness in literature.

到文學中的孤獨。

Well novels are fascinating, because there's a difference

小說是很迷人的，因為有不同的地方

between novels in the 18th Century, when they first came into being,

18世紀小說初創時，小說之間。

and novels in the 19th Century - in the 18th Century something

19世紀的小說--在18世紀的某一時期

like Robinson Crusoe, there's not a single reference to loneliness.

就像《魯濱遜漂流記》一樣，沒有一處提到孤獨。

By the 19th Century novels are full of lonely people and that reflects

到了19世紀，小說中充滿了孤獨的人，這反映了

those kinds of social changes.

這些種類的社會變化。

Give me some examples. What may count as examples?

給我舉幾個例子。哪些可以算作例子？

Well, I suppose I'm thinking about if you compare something like

好吧，我想我在想，如果你把這樣的東西比喻為

Wuthering Heights where you have this desperate desire on the part

《呼嘯山莊》中，你有這種絕望的慾望。

of the heroine to find love which is bundled up to in this sense of the

的女主角找到愛情，這是捆綁在這個意義上的。

self not being complete without another, or Tess of the d'Ubervilles.

沒有另一個人的自我是不完整的，或者說是 "烏伯維爾的苔絲"。

And so Victorian fiction in particular tends to be full of woman

所以維多利亞時代的小說尤其是充滿了女人的氣息

who are in search of the significant other

正在尋找另一半的人

and needing to find happiness and an absence of loneliness

並需要找到幸福和不孤獨的感覺。

in the domestic.

在國內。

It's interesting that Fay mentions the story of Robinson Crusoe –

有趣的是，費伊提到了《魯濱遜漂流記》的故事--。

about a man living on a desert island –

關於一個人生活在一個荒島上 -

does not mention the word loneliness.

並沒有提到孤獨這個詞。

But because of a shift in how people behaved and thought in the

但由於人們行為和思想的轉變，在。

19th century – called social change – loneliness became

19世紀--被稱為社會變革--孤獨成了。

an emotion that was written about in stories.

一種被寫進故事裡的情感。

Ah, but loneliness tended to be something affecting women.

啊，但孤獨往往是影響女性的東西。

They were searching for happiness by finding a 'significant other' –

他們通過尋找 "重要的另一半 "來尋找幸福--。

a partner, usually a man, who they wanted to marry.

伴侶，通常是一個男人，他們想與之結婚；

How things have changed!

世事變遷啊!

Yes, now Fay also went on to talk about how some

是的，現在費伊還繼續說起了一些人如何

female authors, like Virginia Woolf, looked for solitude – that's

女作家，像弗吉尼亞-伍爾芙，尋找孤獨--那是。

being alone – because that helped them be creative.

獨處--因為這有助於他們發揮創造力。

Even today, being alone gives us headspace and time to think,

即使在今天，獨處也給了我們頭頂空間和思考的時間。

as long as it doesn't last forever. Anyway, as we mentioned,

只要它不持續到永遠。總之，正如我們提到的。

we've probably all been lonely at some point, and Fay

我們可能都有過孤獨的時候，而Fay...

Bound Alberti told the Thinking Aloud programme that

束阿爾貝蒂告訴《思享會》節目，。

loneliness can take many forms.

孤獨可以採取多種形式。

Absolutely, I think that loneliness is something that affects

當然，我認為孤獨感是影響

all people but at different times in their lives. I would describe in

所有的人，但在他們生命中的不同時期。我想用

terms of pinch points – there are times when we change [when

掐點方面--有的時候，我們會改變[當。

we become] when we get married, we become mothers, we get

我們成為]當我們結婚的時候，我們成為母親，我們得到了

divorced, anything that changes our life might put us under

離婚，任何改變我們生活的事情都可能會讓我們受到影響

temporary loneliness. When it's a problem is

暫時的孤獨。當它是一個問題是

when it becomes chronic.

當它成為慢性。

It seems that there are certain times in our lives when we might

在我們的生活中，似乎有某些時候我們可能會

feel lonely – when we break up with a partner or have a baby and

感到孤獨--當我們與伴侶分手或有了孩子，並。

feel isolated, for example. These are moments that Fay

比如說，感到孤立無援。這些時刻，費

describes as pinch points – times in your life where there are

描述為針尖--在你的生活中，有時會有

difficulties and things slow down or change.

困難和事情放慢或改變。

We could say loneliness at these times is understandable,

我們可以說這種時候的孤獨是可以理解的。

normal and temporary. When it becomes a bigger issue,

正常的、暫時的。當它成為一個更大的問題。

it's what Fay describes as chronic – so, long lasting.

這就是費氏所描述的慢性--所以，持久的。

And loneliness isn't always obvious to other people, so it's good

而且孤獨不一定能被別人看出來，所以很好。

to check in with friends and family to see how they're feeling

與朋友和家人聯繫，看看他們的感受。

and to ask if they're OK. Of course, it would be difficult to check

並詢問他們是否沒事。當然，如果要檢查

in on Mauro Morandi, who's been living on Budelli Island in Italy

在Mauro Morandi的身上，他一直住在意大利的Budelli島上。

for many years, but how many years exactly?

很多年了，但到底有多少年？

Ahh well I thought 6 years. Was I right?

啊，好吧，我以為6年。我說的對嗎？

I'm afraid not. It's actually been 31 years. He told National

恐怕不是。其實已經31年了。他告訴《國家

Geographic magazine “I'm sort of in prison here… but it's a prison

地理雜誌 "我在這裡有點像在監獄裡... ...但這是一個監獄

that I chose for myself.” So I'm guessing he's got used to his

我為自己選擇的。"所以我猜他已經習慣了他的...

own company! I certainly couldn't live alone for that long –

自己的公司!我當然不能一個人生活那麼久------。

I'd been too lonely, I need company Rob.

我太寂寞了，我需要有人陪我，羅布。

Yeah, me too Neil! And loneliness is what we've been discussing

是啊，我也是，尼爾！我們一直在討論的是孤獨問題

in this programme. Here's a recap of some of the vocabulary

在這個節目中。下面是一些詞彙的回顧。

we've mentioned. Firstly, to keep someone company is to spend

我們已經提到了。第一，陪人就是花錢

time with someone so they don't get lonely.

和某人在一起的時間，所以他們不會感到孤獨。

Social change is a shift in how people behave and think.

社會變革是人們行為和思維方式的轉變。

A significant other is an informal way of describing a partner.

重要他人是描述伴侶的一種非正式方式。

Solitude describes being alone.

獨處形容獨處。

When talking about life, pinch points are times where there are

說到生活，掐指一算，有的時候，有

difficulties and things slow down or change. And chronic

困難和事情的速度減慢或改變。而慢性

describes a health condition that is long lasting.

描述的是一種長期存在的健康狀況。

And that's all we have time for in this programme,

這就是我們在這個節目中所有的時間。

but remember you can find more useful vocabulary,

但記住你可以找到更多有用的詞彙。

trending topics and help with your language learning here at

熱門話題，並在這裡幫助您學習語言。

BBC Learning English. We also have an app that you can

BBC學習英語。我們也有一個應用程序，你可以

download for free from the app stores and of course we are

從應用商店免費下載，當然，我們是

all over social media. Bye for now!

在社交媒體上。暫時再見！

Bye bye!

再見！