字幕列表 影片播放
-
It was a Saturday afternoon in May,
那是五月的一個週六下午
-
and I suddenly realized
我忽然意識到
-
that the next day was Mother's Day,
隔天就是母親節
-
and I hadn't gotten anything for my mom,
而我沒有準備任何禮物給我媽
-
so I started thinking about
所以我開始思考
-
what should I get my mom for Mother's Day?
我要送他什麼當作母親節禮物呢?
-
I thought, why don't I make her
我想到何不為她做一張
-
an interactive Mother's Day card
互動式的母親節賀卡呢?
-
using the Scratch software that I'd been developing
使用我開發的塗鴉軟體 Scratch 製作
-
with my research group at the MIT Media Lab?
我的研究小組在麻省理工大學 (MIT) 媒體實驗室所研發的軟體
-
We developed it so that people could easily create
我們製作了這個軟體,使人們能夠輕鬆創作
-
their own interactive stories and games and animations,
他們自己的互動故事、遊戲或者是動畫
-
and then share their creations with one another.
並且把這些創作與別人分享
-
So I thought, this would be an opportunity to use Scratch
然後我想 這或許是一個好機會
-
to make an interactive card for my mom.
使用這個塗鴉軟體 Scratch 作一張互動賀卡給我媽媽
-
Before making my own Mother's Day card,
在做我的母親卡之前
-
I thought I would take a look
我想到我可以先逛看看
-
at the Scratch website.
這個塗鴉網站 ( Scratch )
-
So over the last several years, kids around the world
幾年前開始,世界各地
-
ages 8 and up, have shared their projects,
8歲或更大的孩子們已經開始 透過這個網站分享他們的作品
-
and I thought, I wonder if, of those three million projects,
所以我想 在這300萬件作品裏
-
whether anyone else has thought to put up Mother's Day cards.
會不會有人想到要放上 他們作的母親節賀卡呢
-
So in the search box I typed in
所以我就在搜尋欄中鍵入
-
"Mother's Day,"
「母親節」
-
and I was surprised and delighted to see a list
之後我驚訝又高興地看到
-
of dozens and dozens of Mother's Day cards
很多很多的母親節賀卡
-
that showed up on the Scratch website,
在 Scratch 上展示
-
many of them just in the past 24 hours
許多賀卡是在24小時內上載的
-
by procrastinators just like myself.
像我一樣愛拖延的人
-
So I started taking a look at them. (Music)
所以我開始瀏覽這些作品(音樂)
-
I saw one of them that featured a kitten
我看到一張以小貓
-
and her mom and wishing her mom a happy Mother's Day.
和她的媽媽為主角的卡片,卡片中的 小貓祝媽媽母親節快樂
-
And the creator very considerately
作者非常貼心地
-
offered a replay for her mom.
為他媽媽做了一個重播按鈕
-
Another one was an interactive project where,
另一個是一件互動作品
-
when you moved the mouse over the letters of "Happy Mom Day,"
當你把鼠標移動到這些"母親節快樂"的字母上面時
-
it reveals a special happy Mother's Day slogan.
它會出現一句特別的母親節祝詞
-
(Music) In this one, the creator told a narrative
(音樂) 而在這個作品裏,創作者講述了
-
about how she had Googled to find out
她是如何用 Google (谷歌搜尋引擎) 來找出
-
when Mother's Day was happening.
到底哪一天是母親節
-
(Typing) And then once she found out when Mother's Day was happening,
(打字聲) 而當她發現當天就是母親節時
-
she delivered a special Mother's Day greeting
她立即送出了一份特別的母親節祝福
-
of how much she loved her mom.
來表達她有多愛她的媽媽
-
So I really enjoyed looking at these projects
我真的很喜歡瀏覽這些作品
-
and interacting with these projects.
並且與這些作品互動
-
In fact, I liked it so much that, instead of making my own project,
事實上,由於太喜歡這些作品, 讓我打消了親手製作賀卡的念頭
-
I sent my mom links to about a dozen of these projects. (Laughter)
改為把十多個作品的連結發送給我媽媽 (笑聲)
-
And actually, she reacted exactly the way that I hoped that she would.
而實際上,她的反應就正如我希望的一樣
-
She wrote back to me and she said,
她回覆我並說
-
"I'm so proud to have a son that created the software
「我非常以有這樣的兒子為傲, 因為他能夠打造出一個軟體,使孩子們能夠
-
that allowed these kids to make Mother's Day cards for their mothers."
製作母親節賀卡送給他們的媽媽們。」
-
So my mom was happy, and that made me happy,
所以我媽媽很高興,這令我也很高興
-
but actually I was even happier for another reason.
但事實上我有一個更值得高興的理由
-
I was happy because these kids were using Scratch
我高興是因為這些孩子能夠按照我們當初設計 Scratch
-
just in the way that we had hoped that they would.
的用法來使用它
-
As they created their interactive Mother's Day cards,
當他們製作互動母親節賀卡的時候
-
you could see that they were really
你可以看到他們真的
-
becoming fluent with new technologies.
能夠更熟練地掌握新科技
-
What do I mean by fluent?
我說的熟練是指甚麽呢?
-
I mean that they were able to start expressing themselves
我是指他們已經可以開始表達他們自己
-
and to start expressing their ideas.
並且開始表達他們的想法
-
When you become fluent with language,
當你開始熟練於一個語言時
-
it means you can write an entry in your journal
這意味著你可以在你的日誌上寫一個條目
-
or tell a joke to someone or write a letter to a friend.
告訴別人一個幽默的笑話 或者給朋友寫一封信
-
And it's similar with new technologies.
使用新科技也是很類似這樣
-
By writing, be creating these interactive Mother's Day cards,
書寫或創作這些互動的母親節賀卡時
-
these kids were showing that they were really fluent
這些孩子顯示出
-
with new technologies.
他們有多熟練於這些新科技的使用
-
Now maybe you won't be so surprised by this,
你或許對這件事情並不感到驚訝
-
because a lot of times people feel that
因為大多數時候人們都認為
-
young people today can do all sorts of things with technology.
現代的年輕人熟於使用科技 做各式各樣的事情
-
I mean, all of us have heard young people referred to as "digital natives."
我的意思是,我們都聽過年輕人被稱為 「數碼時代的原住民」
-
But actually I'm sort of skeptical about this term.
某種程度上 我認為這個用詞是有點問題的
-
I'm not so sure we should be thinking of young people as digital natives.
我不太肯定我們應該把年輕人看作 數碼時代的原住民
-
When you really look at it, how is it that young people
當你真的看看這個問題,年輕人是怎樣
-
spend most of their time using new technologies?
花大部分的時間使用新科技呢?
-
You often see them in situations like this,
你經常看到的情況會是像這樣
-
or like this,
或是像這樣的
-
and there's no doubt that young people
可以肯定的是 年輕人
-
are very comfortable and familiar browsing
可以很輕鬆自在的瀏覽網頁
-
and chatting and texting and gaming.
上網聊天、互通短訊和打電動
-
But that doesn't really make you fluent.
但這些並不會真的使你熟練
-
So young people today have lots of experience
今天的年輕人有許多與新科技互動的經驗
-
and lots of familiarity with interacting with new technologies,
亦對如何與科技互動相當了解
-
but a lot less so of creating with new technologies
但使用新科技來創作的人就少得多了
-
and expressing themselves with new technologies.
也不擅長透過新科技來表達自己的想法
-
It's almost as if they can read
這就好像在新科技的領域上, 他們雖然懂得閱讀
-
but not write with new technologies.
卻不懂書寫一樣
-
And I'm really interested in seeing, how can we help young people become fluent
我真的對於怎樣能夠令年輕人對科技更熟練
-
so they can write with new technologies?
使他們能夠使用新科技創作 很感興趣
-
And that really means that they need to be able to
這表示他們需要能夠
-
write their own computer programs, or code.
寫自己的電腦軟體,或是程式
-
So, increasingly, people are starting to recognize
很有趣的是人們逐漸地開始發現
-
the importance of learning to code.
學習編寫電腦程式的重要性
-
You know, in recent years, there have been
你知道最近幾年,這裏有
-
hundreds of new organizations and websites
數以百計的新機構和網站
-
that are helping young people learn to code.
幫助年輕人學習編寫電腦程式
-
You look online, you'll see places like Codecademy
你看網上有像「編程學院」 Codecademy 這類的地方
-
and events like CoderDojo
有像CoderDojo 一樣的組織 (註: 該組織在世界各地幫助年輕人學習如何寫程式)
-
and sites like Girls Who Code,
又有像「女生愛編程」 Girls Who Code
-
or Black Girls Code.
又或者「黑女編程」 Black Girls Code 這一類的網站
-
It seems that everybody is getting into the act.
看起來每個人都開始在參與這件事
-
You know, just at the beginning of this year,
你知道,就在年初
-
at the turn of the new year,
進入新的一年之際
-
New York City Mayor Michael Bloomberg
紐約市長米高.彭博
-
made a New Year's resolution that he was going to learn
為他自己定下的新年目標, 就是要在
-
to code in 2012.
2012 年中學會編寫電腦程式
-
A few months later, the country of Estonia decided that
數個月後, 愛沙尼亞這個國家決定
-
all of its first graders should learn to code.
該國的一年級學生全部都要學習編寫電腦程式
-
And that triggered a debate in the U.K.
這在英國激發了一場辯論
-
about whether all the children there should learn to code.
探討是否需要得讓全部孩子都必須 學習編寫電腦程式
-
Now, for some of you, when you hear about this,
你們當中有些人在聽到這個提議時
-
it might seem sort of strange about everybody learning to code.
或許會感到有點奇怪, 為什麼每一個人都要學寫程式
-
When many people think of coding, they think of it
當大部人想到編程,他們想到的是
-
as something that only a very narrow sub-community
一個很狹隘定義的「亞社群」
-
of people are going to be doing,
是專屬於某些人的活動
-
and they think of coding looking like this.
他們覺得程式是長這樣的
-
And in fact, if this is what coding is like,
事實上,假如程式真的長這樣
-
it will only be a narrow sub-community of people
當然只有很少一群人會碰觸
-
with special mathematical skills and technological background
就是那些擁有特別的數學技能,以及科技背景的人
-
that can code.
才會做的事
-
But coding doesn't have to be like this.
但編寫程式寫毋須是這樣的
-
Let me show you about what it's like to code in Scratch.
讓我向你介紹在塗鴉軟件Scratch 中編寫程式會是怎樣吧
-
So in Scratch, to code, you just snap blocks together.
使用 Scratch 寫程式的話, 你就像是把積木接在一起
-
In this case, you take a move block,
在這個情況下,你移動一個積木
-
snap it into a stack,
把它們堆在一起
-
and the stacks of blocks control the behaviors
那堆積木就會控制
-
of the different characters in your game or your story,
你的遊戲或故事中不同角色的行為
-
in this case controlling the big fish.
這個例子中,就是要控制那條大魚
-
After you've created your program, you can click on "share,"
當你創造了你的程式後,你可以點擊「分享」
-
and then share your project with other people,
接著你就可以把你的程式與其他人分享
-
so that they can use the project
別人可以用你的程式
-
and start working on the project as well.
並且也可以調整成他們自己的
-
So, of course, making a fish game isn't the only thing
當然,創作一個關於魚的遊戲並不是
-
you can do with Scratch.
Scratch 唯一能夠做的事
-
Of the millions of projects on the Scratch website,
在Scratch 網站上數以百萬的作品當中
-
there's everything from animated stories
可以說是包羅萬有, 從動畫故事
-
to school science projects
到學校科學習作
-
to anime soap operas
到動漫肥皂劇
-
to virtual construction kits
到虛擬建築工具箱
-
to recreations of classic video games
到二次創作的經典電玩遊戲
-
to political opinion polls
到政治傾向調查
-
to trigonometry tutorials
到三角幾何學教室
-
to interactive artwork, and, yes,
到互動藝術作品。對! 還有
-
interactive Mother's Day cards.
互動母親節賀卡
-
So I think there's so many different ways
所以我認為這裏有很多的途徑
-
that people can express themselves using this,
讓人們可以從中表達自己
-
to be able to take their ideas and share their ideas with the world.
跟全世界分享他們的靈感
-
And it doesn't just stay on the screen.
而且,這不單單局限在電腦螢幕上
-
You can also code to interact with the physical world around you.
你可以利用編寫程式,去和周遭的現實世界互動
-
Here's an example from Hong Kong,
這裏有一個來自香港的例子
-
where some kids made a game
這些孩子製作了一個遊戲
-
and then built their own physical interface device
他們打造了一個實體介面裝置
-
and had a light sensor, so the light sensor
它有一個光感應器,那個感應器
-
detects the hole in the board,
會感應木板上的那個洞
-
so as they move the physical saw,
所以在他們移動那把實體鋸子時
-
the light sensor detects the hole
那個光感應器可以感應到那個洞
-
and controls the virtual saw on the screen
進而能控制螢幕上的虛擬鋸子
-
and saws down the tree.
去鋸掉那棵大樹
-
We're going to continue to look at new ways
我們一直在尋找新的方法
-
of bringing together the physical world and the virtual world
去連繫現實與虛擬世界
-
and connecting to the world around us.
並且連接我們周遭的世界
-
This is an example from a new version of Scratch
這是一個來自新版本Scratch 的例子
-
that we'll be releasing in the next few months,
將會在數個月之後發佈
-
and we're looking again to be able
我們再次嘗試
-
to push you in new directions.
來帶給你新的想法
-
Here's an example.
這是一個例子
-
It uses the webcam.
它用上了網絡攝影機
-
And as I move my hand, I can pop the balloons
當我移動我的手,我可以拍破那些氣球
-
or I can move the bug.
又或者移動那蟲子
-
So it's a little bit like Microsoft Kinect,
這有點像微軟的 Kinect 裝置
-
where you interact with gestures in the world.
讓你可以用身體語言跟世界互動
-
But instead of just playing someone else's game,
但與其參與其他人的遊戲
-
you get to create the games,
你可以創作你自己的遊戲
-
and if you see someone else's game,
如果你看到別人的遊戲
-
you can just say "see inside,"
你可以說 「讓我們來看看裏面長甚麼樣」
-
and you can look at the stacks of blocks that control it.
你可以看到那堆控制遊戲的積木
-
So there's a new block that says how much video motion there is,
這堆新的積木就是顯示攝影機裡有多少動作
-
and then, if there's so much video motion,
如果有大幅的動作
-
it will then tell the balloon to pop.
它就會指示那些氣球爆開
-
The same way that this uses the camera
正如你可以用攝影機
-
to get information into Scratch,
去輸入資料到 Scratch 一樣
-
you can also use the microphone.
你亦可以利用麥克風
-
Here's an example of a project using the microphone.
這是一個利用麥克風創作的例子
-
So I'm going to let all of you control this game
我將會讓你們所有人一起去控制這個遊戲
-
using your voices.
用你們的聲音
-
(Crickets chirping) (Shouts) (Chomping)
(蟋蟀叫聲) (呼叫) (咀嚼聲)
-
(Laughter)
(笑聲)(呼叫)(蝙蝠跌落聲)
-
(Applause)
(掌聲)
-
As kids are creating projects like this,
當孩子們在創作這樣的作品時
-
they're learning to code,
他們在學習編寫電腦程式
-
but even more importantly, they're coding to learn.
但更重要的是, 他們從編寫電腦程式中學習
-
Because as they learn to code,
因為從學習編寫電腦程式的過程中
-
it enables them to learn many other things,
他們可以學到更多其他的東西
-
opens up many new opportunities for learning.
開啟不同學習機會的大門
-
Again, it's useful to make an analogy to reading and writing.
再一次,閱讀與寫作的比喻在這裏很有用
-
When you learn to read and write, it opens up
當你學習閱讀及寫作時, 它們為你引進了
-
opportunities for you to learn so many other things.
學習更多其他事物的機會
-
When you learn to read, you can then read to learn.
當你學習閱讀時, 你也同時是經由閱讀去學習到其他事情
-
And it's the same thing with coding.
編寫電腦程式也是一樣
-
If you learn to code, you can code to learn.
當你學習編寫電腦程式時, 你也同時藉由程式學習到其他事情
-
Now some of the things you can learn are sort of obvious.
有一些你可以學到的事情是顯而易見的
-
You learn more about how computers work.
你可以知道電腦是怎樣運作的
-
But that's just where it starts.
但這只是個開端
-
When you learn to code, it opens up for you to learn
當你學習編寫電腦程式時, 它為你開啟學習
-
many other things.
很多其他東西的大門
-
Let me show you an example.
讓我為你展示一個例子吧
-
Here's another project,
這裏有另一個作品
-
and I saw this when I was visiting
我第一次看到它 是當我在參觀
-
one of the computer clubhouses.
某一個電腦俱樂部的時候
-
These are after-school learning centers that we helped start
這是一些我們協助成立的課餘學習中心
-
that help young people from low-income communities
幫助來自低收入家庭的孩子
-
learn to express themselves creatively with new technologies.
學習如何利用新科技 有創意地表達自己
-
And when I went to one of the clubhouses a couple years ago,
當我在幾年前到其中一個這樣的俱樂部時
-
I saw a 13-year-old boy who was using our Scratch software
我看到一個13歲的男孩用我們的 Scratch
-
to create a game somewhat like this one,
去創作一個類似這樣的遊戲
-
and he was very happy with his game and proud of his game,
他非常高興,並且對自己的遊戲感到自豪
-
but also he wanted to do more.
但他還想做更多
-
He wanted to keep score.
他希望能夠計分
-
So this was a game where the big fish eats the little fish,
這是一個大魚吃掉小魚的遊戲
-
but he wanted to keep score, so that each time
但他希望計分, 所以每當
-
the big fish eats the little fish,
大魚吃掉小魚的時候
-
the score would go up and it would keep track,
分數便會上升, 而分數也被記錄下來。
-
and he didn't know how to do that.
但他不懂得怎樣做
-
So I showed him.
所以我向他示範可以怎樣做
-
In Scratch, you can create something called a variable.
在Scratch 裏面, 你可以建立一個物件叫做「變量」
-
I'll call it score.
我將它取名為「分數」
-
And that creates some new blocks for you,
接著它會為你建立幾個積木
-
and also creates a little scoreboard that keeps track of the score,
同時建立一個小小的計分板,幫助你計分
-
so each time I click on "change score," it increments the score.
每次我點擊「改變分數」時,分數就會增加
-
So I showed this to the clubhouse member --
所以我向這個會員展示這個方法 --
-
let's call him Victor -- and Victor,
暫且就叫他做維克多吧 --
-
when he saw that this block would let him increment the score,
當維克多見到這些積木能夠幫他增加分數時
-
he knew exactly what to do.
他當下就知道要做些甚麼了
-
He took the block
他拿了這些積木
-
and he put it into the program
把它們放進自己的程式中
-
exactly where the big fish eats the little fish.
正放到大魚吃掉小魚的動作之後
-
So then, each time the big fish eats the little fish,
接著,每次當大魚要吃小魚的時候
-
he will increment the score, and the score will go up by one.
他就會增加分數,那個分數會增加一分
-
And it's in fact working.
這的確是可以運作的
-
And he saw this, and he was so excited,
當他看到這裡,他非常地興奮
-
he reached his hand out to me,
他向我伸出手
-
and he said, "Thank you, thank you, thank you."
不斷地說: 「謝謝,謝謝,謝謝」
-
And what went through my mind was,
那個時候我心想:
-
how often is it that teachers are thanked by their students
學校裡的老師有多常被學生這樣感謝呢?
-
for teaching