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  • There's only one way to see the stars while the sun is out.

    趁著太陽出來,只有一種方法可以看星星。

  • And that's during a total solar eclipse.

    而且那是在日全食期間。

  • You have to be at right place at the right time.

    你必須在正確的時間出現在正確的地點。

  • Under a clear sky.

    晴朗的天空下。

  • Standing somewhere along the narrow path where the moon aligns perfectly between the sun

    站在某處,沿著狹窄的小路,月亮與太陽完美地對準了一起

  • and the Earth.

    和地球。

  • When the moon passes in front of the sun's disc, it darkens the sky just enough for distant

    當月球經過太陽盤前時,它使天空變暗,足以讓遠處的

  • stars to become visible.

    恆星變得可見。

  • There have been many photos of total solar eclipses.

    已經有很多日全食的照片。

  • But this one is special.

    但這個是特別的。

  • It helped prove a radical idea.

    它幫助證明了一個激進的想法。

  • That redefined gravity.

    這重新定義了重力。

  • And turned Albert Einstein into a celebrity.

    並把愛因斯坦變成了名人。

  • Because the stars in this photo aren't where they're supposed to be.

    因為這張照片中的星星並不在它們應該在的地方。

  • Isaac Newton laid the foundation for understanding the physical universe in the Principia, published

    牛頓在《原理論》中為理解物理宇宙奠定了基礎。

  • in 1687.

    在1687年。

  • In it, he defined gravity as a force of attraction that draws massive objectslike stars

    在其中,他將引力定義為一種吸引巨大物體的力量--比如恆星。

  • and planetstoward each other, and keeps them in orbit.

    和行星--彼此相向,並使它們在軌道上運行。

  • And for more than 200 years, gravity was defined this way: as an attracting force.

    而200多年來,重力是這樣定義的:作為一種吸引力。

  • But Albert Einstein saw gravity as something completely different.

    但愛因斯坦認為引力是完全不同的東西。

  • According to his theory of general relativity, which he published in 1915, gravity isn't

    根據他在1915年發表的廣義相對論,萬有引力並不是...

  • a force between objects in space.

    空間中物體之間的作用力。

  • It's the influence of objects on the shape of space itself.

    是物體對空間本身形狀的影響。

  • According to Einstein, massive objects like the sun bend the space around them.

    根據愛因斯坦的說法,像太陽這樣的巨大物體會使周圍的空間發生彎曲。

  • So when a smaller object moves in a straight line along this space, it gets diverted because

    所以,當一個較小的物體沿著這個空間直線運動時,它就會被轉移,因為

  • of the curve caused by the mass of the larger object.

    較大物體的品質所造成的曲線。

  • That puts one object in an orbit around the other.

    這就使一個物體繞著另一個物體的軌道運行。

  • And if Einstein was right then the same curve would divert the path of light as well.

    而如果愛因斯坦是對的,那麼同樣的曲線也會使光路改道。

  • Meaning if you observed distant stars through a telescope on Earth while the sun is in front

    意思是說,如果你在地球上用望遠鏡觀察遙遠的星星,而太陽就在前面。

  • of them, their light, deflected by the sun's gravity, would make them appear slightly out

    它們的光,被太陽的引力偏轉,會使它們看起來略微有些偏離軌道

  • of position.

    的位置。

  • It was a revolutionary idea.

    這是一個革命性的想法。

  • But there was a big conflict keeping Einstein from testing it.

    但有一個很大的衝突,讓愛因斯坦無法測試。

  • The world was at war.

    當時世界正處於戰爭狀態。

  • Einstein lived Germany at the time.

    愛因斯坦當時住在德國。

  • But his work landed in the hands of a British astrophysicist: Arthur Eddington.

    但他的工作落到了一位英國天體物理學家的手中,那就是Arthur Eddington。Arthur Eddington

  • Even though they were on opposing sides of the war, Eddington, along with astronomer

    儘管他們是戰爭的對立面 愛丁頓和天文學家一起

  • Frank Dyson, set out to test the theory.

    弗蘭克-戴森,著手驗證這個理論。

  • They would photograph a total solar eclipse.

    他們會拍攝日全食。

  • They needed to compare the position of a cluster of stars in the night sky with a photograph

    他們需要將夜空中星團的位置與照片進行比較。

  • of the same stars during an eclipse.

    在日食期間,同一恆星的。

  • If the stars' apparent positions had shifted, it would prove that starlight was traveling

    如果恆星的明顯位置發生了變化 那就證明了星光是在移動的

  • through space curved by the sun's gravity.

    通過太陽引力彎曲的空間。

  • The May 1919 eclipse was the ideal one for this experiment.

    1919年5月的日食是這個實驗的理想選擇。

  • The sun would be in front of a very dense cluster of stars, the Hyades.

    太陽會在一個非常密集的恆星團Hyades的前面。

  • And that meant multiple bright stars would be visible during the eclipse.

    而這也就意味著在日食期間會有多顆亮星出現。

  • Planning began in 1917, and a couple of years later, two expeditions departed England.

    1917年開始策劃,幾年後,兩支探險隊從英國出發。

  • One led by Eddington went to the island of Principe in West Africa, and the other headed

    一支由愛丁頓率領的隊伍前往西非的普林西比島,另一支為首的隊伍則是由愛丁頓率領的隊伍。

  • to Sobral, Brazil.

    到巴西索布拉爾。

  • Two locations that were in the path of the eclipse and had favorable climates.

    在日食路徑上的兩個地點,氣候有利。

  • Each group traveled with powerful photographic telescopes that could record detailed photos

    每個小組都帶著強大的攝影望遠鏡旅行,可以記錄下詳細的照片。

  • of space onto glass plates.

    的空間到玻璃板上。

  • Photographing the eclipse that May required transporting, and then carefully assembling

    拍攝5月的日食,需要運輸,然後小心翼翼地組裝。

  • them, in the field.

    他們,在外地。

  • With the plates tilted 45 degrees on one of the telescopes to include as many stars as

    在其中一臺望遠鏡上傾斜45度,以包括儘可能多的恆星。

  • possible.

    可能的。

  • And this was the result.

    這就是結果。

  • This is one of the few successful plates from the 1919 expeditions.

    這是1919年考察中為數不多的成功版圖之一。

  • It came from Brazil.

    它來自巴西。

  • It shows the eclipse during totality, the sun's corona bursting forth, and the rarely

    它顯示的是全食期間的日食,太陽的日冕迸發,以及罕見的

  • seen solar prominence.

    見過的太陽突出物。

  • Most importantly, bright stars of the Hyades.

    最重要的是,亮星的賢者。

  • Back in England, Eddington compared the position of the stars from the eclipse plate with another

    回到英國後,愛丁頓將食盤上的恆星位置與另一個食盤上的恆星位置進行了比較。

  • of the night sky, using a machine that can take measurements within photos at the microscopic

    的夜空,使用的機器可以在微觀的照片中進行測量。

  • level.

    級別。

  • The comparison revealed that the stars had shifted during the eclipse by roughly the

    對比發現,在日食期間,恆星的移動幅度大約為

  • amount that Einstein predicted.

    量,愛因斯坦預測。

  • According to Newton's calculations, starlight should bend near the sun too.

    根據牛頓的計算,星光在太陽附近也應該彎曲。

  • But if Einstein was right, that deviation would be twice what Newton predicted.

    但如果愛因斯坦是對的,這個偏差將是牛頓預測的兩倍。

  • Eddington's result showed that the deflection of the stars came closer to Einstein's calculation

    愛丁頓的結果表明,恆星的偏轉更接近愛因斯坦的計算結果

  • than Newton's.

    比牛頓的。

  • It wasn't a perfect match, but it was close enough to validate the theory of general relativity,

    這不是一個完美的匹配,但它足夠接近驗證廣義相對論。

  • and completely shift our understanding of the universe.

    並徹底改變我們對宇宙的理解。

  • The success of the experiment was first announced in The Times of London on November 7th, 1919.

    1919年11月7日,倫敦《泰晤士報》首次宣佈實驗成功。

  • Almost a year to the day after the end of World War I.

    在第一次世界大戰結束後將近一年的時間裡。

  • An Englishman had gone to great lengths to prove the ideas of a German, and the news

    一個英國人為了證明一個德國人的想法,費盡心機,而這個消息

  • that space is warped by the planets and stars excited the world.

    空間被行星和恆星扭曲,讓世界興奮不已。

  • Einstein, who before this moment was only known in the physics world, essentially became

    愛因斯坦,在這一刻之前,他只在物理學界為人所知,他基本上成了

  • a celebrity overnight.

    一夜成名。

  • He remained an international pop culture icon for the rest of his life.

    他的後半生一直是國際流行文化的標誌。

  • And a favorite subject of press photographers.

    也是新聞攝影師最喜歡的拍攝對象。

  • Observing eclipses continued to be one way of testing general relativity for decades

    幾十年來,觀測日食一直是檢驗廣義相對論的方法之一

  • to come.

    到如何。

  • With more sophisticated equipment repeatedly confirming the accuracy of Einstein's theory.

    隨著更精密的設備反覆證實愛因斯坦理論的準確性。

  • General relativity allowed physicists to begin to understand advanced concepts about the

    廣義相對論讓物理學家開始理解關於宇宙的高級概念。

  • universelike black holes.

    宇宙--如黑洞。

  • Which ultimately led to this: the first photograph of a black hole, taken in 2019.

    最終導致了這樣的結果:2019年拍攝的第一張黑洞照片。

  • A century after Eddington first proved Einstein's theory with a photoand completely changed

    愛丁頓用一張照片首次證明了愛因斯坦的理論--並徹底改變了一個世紀後的愛因斯坦。

  • our definition of gravity.

    我們對重力的定義。

There's only one way to see the stars while the sun is out.

趁著太陽出來,只有一種方法可以看星星。

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