- [Narrator] Orcas have a language of their own.

- [旁白]奧卡斯有自己的語言。

They communicate through touch, movement,

他們通過觸摸、運動來交流。

and most importantly, sound.

而最重要的是，聲音。

And it's marine scientist

而且是海洋科學家

Ellyne Hamran's job to eavesdrop on them.

艾琳-漢姆蘭的工作就是偷聽他們的談話。

She's an acoustic researcher studying

她是一位聲學研究者，研究

the sounds marine mammals

海獸的聲音

like whales and dolphins use to communicate.

就像鯨魚和海豚用來交流一樣。

She's captured hundreds of hours of orca recordings,

她拍攝了幾百小時的虎鯨錄音。

like the one you're hearing.

就像你現在聽到的那個。

- Whales are using sound as their primary sense

- 鯨魚以聲音為主要感官

unlike humans that are using their vision.

不像人類是用視覺。

So, it's very important for whales to be able

所以，對鯨魚來說，能夠做到這一點非常重要

to communicate to each other, to find mates,

互相交流，尋找伴侶。

to search for prey, also to navigate the area.

來尋找獵物，也是為了導航。

- [Narrator] This summer, she's listening to the orcas

- [旁白]這個夏天，她在聽虎鯨的聲音。

of Norway's Lofoten archipelago,

挪威羅弗敦群島的。

beloved by the creatures for its healthy populations

人見人愛

of herring and other fish to feed on.

的鯡魚和其他魚類為食。

But an invisible problem is increasingly alarming experts,

但一個看不見的問題卻越來越讓專家們感到震驚。

noise pollution from whale-watching cruises,

觀鯨遊船的噪音汙染；

oil exploration, and other human activity.

石油勘探和其他人類活動。

Ellyne has set out to study how it affects the whales

艾琳已經開始研究它對鯨魚的影響

and she hopes to use her findings

她希望利用她的發現

to help make Lofoten a marine protected area,

以幫助將羅浮敦打造成海洋保護區。

limiting unwelcome noise and blocking oil drilling.

限制不受歡迎的噪音和阻止石油鑽探；

She works for Ocean Sounds,

她在海洋之聲工作。

a nonprofit that advocates for marine ecosystem conservation

倡導海洋生態系統保護的非營利性機構。

and has been tracking orcas here in Lofoten since 2003.

並從2003年開始在羅浮敦追蹤虎鯨。

On a typical day, Ellyne, her husband Bjorn,

通常情況下，Ellyne和她的丈夫Bjorn。

their dog Bailey, and a team of researchers

他們的狗貝利，和一個研究小組的研究人員。

drive around the islands

繞島行駛

in an inflatable boat looking for action.

在充氣艇上尋找行動。

When they spot whales, they slowly approach,

當它們發現鯨魚時，就會慢慢靠近。

then turn off the engine to minimize noise.

然後關閉發動機，以減少噪音。

They use an underwater microphone

他們使用的是水下麥克風

called a hydrophone to record vocalizations.

稱為水聽器，用來記錄發聲。

- During socializing, they're producing

- 在社交的過程中，他們會產生

a variety of vocalizations.

各種各樣的發聲。

It can be whistles, calls, buzzes, clicks,

可以是口哨聲、呼叫聲、嗡嗡聲、點擊聲。

same with when they're feeding.

與他們進食時一樣。

They're a little bit more quiet when they're traveling.

他們在旅行的時候比較安靜。

So, we'll be able to go and record them

所以，我們就可以去記錄他們了。

when we have the right moment.

當我們有合適的時機。

- [Crew Member] Breach, breach, breach!

- 突破，突破，突破！

- [Narrator] They also photograph the orcas

- [旁白]他們還拍攝了虎鯨的照片。

to keep track of the family groups.

來跟蹤家庭群體。

The scientists assign each of them a number

科學家們給他們每個人分配了一個號碼

and add them to a catalog.

並將其添加到目錄中。

- We will be able to use this method

- 我們將能夠使用這種方法

to track them over time.

來跟蹤它們的時間。

It's a very noninvasive

這是一個非常非侵入性的

and inexpensive way of doing the research.

和廉價的方式進行研究。

- [Narrator] Bjorn operates a drone

- [旁白]比約恩操作著一架無人機。

that films whales from above.

從上面拍攝鯨魚

Over time, they match the orcas' sounds up with behaviors,

隨著時間的推移，他們將虎鯨的聲音與行為相匹配。

gradually learning their complex language.

逐漸學習他們複雜的語言。

Each pod speaks its own dialect,

每個豆莢都會說自己的方言。

so tracking them is essential

所以追蹤他們是必不可少的

for understanding the communication.

用於瞭解交流。

The large population of whales also attracts thousands

龐大的鯨魚群也吸引了成千上萬的鯨魚。

of people looking for boat tours every year.

每年尋找遊船的人。

But these ships full of whale lovers

但這些船上都是愛鯨魚的人

can actually be quite disturbing to ocean life.

其實會對海洋生物造成相當大的困擾。

- We've had issues of boats zooming through pods,

- 我們已經有了船在艙內放大的問題。

sometimes even between the mother and calf.

有時甚至在母牛和小牛之間。

It's also quite loud on the hydrophone,

它的水聽器也很響。

even loud enough that you want to turn the volume down,

甚至大到你想把音量調小。

but the whales are not able to go in

但鯨魚卻不能進去。

and modify how loud the boats are.

並修改船的聲音有多大。

And I don't think people are aware of this issue.

而我認為大家並沒有意識到這個問題。

- [Narrator] When a boat drives too close to orcas,

- [旁白]當一艘船離虎鯨太近時

it can overpower their calls.

它可以壓倒他們的電話。

- It could mask the vocalizations

- 它可以掩蓋發聲

so they can't be able to communicate

所以他們無法溝通

with each other nearby or find a mate.

與附近的對方或尋找配偶。

- [Narrator] And it can scare away the fish orcas feed on.

- [旁白]它可以嚇跑虎鯨捕食的魚。

- [Ellyne] They spend quite a lot of time

- 他們花了相當多的時間...

rounding up the herring to feed

圍魏救趙

and then a boat could come way too close

船到山前必有路

and now disperse the fish.

而現在散開魚。

- [Narrator] The looming threat of oil drilling

- [旁白]迫在眉睫的石油鑽井威脅。

also poses a problem.

也帶來了一個問題。

In 2019, the Norwegian government reached

2019年，挪威政府達成

a deal to block drilling in Lofoten for now.

達成協議，暫時阻止在Lofoten的鑽探。

But every seat in the parliament

但議會的每個席位

is up for election in September 2021,

將於2021年9月進行選舉。

which could put the area at risk again.

這可能會使該地區再次面臨風險。

And even without permission to drill,

甚至在沒有得到允許的情況下也要鑽研。

companies can still use blasts of compressed air

公司仍然可以使用壓縮空氣噴射。

to map where oil lies beneath the ocean floor.

以繪製海底石油的位置。

These seismic surveys can be louder

這些地震調查可能會更響亮

to marine life than fireworks from three feet away.

比三英尺外的煙花對海洋生物的影響更大。

Researchers aren't sure how these sounds

研究人員不知道這些聲音是怎麼發出來的

affect ocean mammals' health,

影響海洋哺乳動物的健康。

but studies have found that a single air gun blast

但研究發現，單一的氣槍爆炸。

can be heard underwater for months.

可以在水下聽到幾個月。

All this, combined with occasional

所有這些，再加上偶爾的

military exercises in the area,

該地區的軍事演習。

creates an underwater cacophony

形成了水下的嘈雜聲

that interrupts whale communications.

中斷鯨魚通訊的。

- They're vocalizing already at the surface.

- 他們在表面上已經在發聲了。

So, we'll deploy the hydrophone.

所以，我們將部署水聽器。

Just boat noise now, they've stopped calling.

現在只有船聲了，他們已經不叫了。

- [Woman] Okay.

- [女]好的。

- [Narrator] Because orcas are instinctively collaborative,

- [旁白]因為虎鯨是本能的合作者。

communication is central to everything they do.

溝通是他們一切工作的核心。

Disoriented whales may also swim out

迷失方向的鯨魚也可能游出來

of their usual living area.

他們平時生活區域的。

- [Ellyne] With the whales wanting

- 隨著鯨魚的到來

to be away from all the boat noise

遠離船聲

and needing a bit more space,

並需要更多的空間。

sometimes they're hugged a bit on the coastline,

有時他們會在海岸線上擁抱一下。

too close to the rocks.

離岩石太近。

- [Narrator] Ellyne says this may explain

- [旁白]艾琳說，這或許可以解釋

why the spring of 2020 saw more whales

為什麼2020年的春天會出現更多的鯨魚

stranded on the coasts than any previous season.

滯留在沿海地區的人數比以往任何一個季節都多。

- It could be due to noise pollution and acoustic trauma.

- 可能是由於噪聲汙染和聲學創傷造成的。

If we were able to be here within

如果我們能夠在這裡

the first 48 hours of when the whales stranded

鯨魚擱淺的前48小時

and to actually look into the head

並真正地探究到頭

and see if there's any damage within the ear canal areas.

並查看耳道部位內是否有損傷。

- [Narrator] The strandings could also have been caused

- [旁白]擱淺也可能是由於...

by a harmful algae bloom

藻類氾濫

or a virus that affected several species.

或影響多個物種的病毒。

But unless Ellyne and the team can examine

但除非艾琳和團隊能檢查出

a stranded whale shortly after its death,

擱淺的鯨魚死後不久。

they can't gather much information.

他們無法收集到太多的資訊。

- It actually wasn't reported in time

- 其實沒有及時上報

to really see why it had died.

才能真正明白它為什麼會死。

We unfortunately cannot take a blubber sample

很遺憾，我們不能採集鯨脂樣本

since it's decayed too much.

由於它的腐爛程度太高。

Usually at this point we take a tooth

通常這時我們會拿牙

or we take a bone sample.

或者我們取骨樣。

And there were no teeth in the jaw,

而且下巴上沒有牙齒。

but we do have a sample of one

但我們確實有一個樣本

of the vertebrae that we've taken.

的脊椎骨，我們已經採取。

- [Narrator] Ellyne collected samples

- [旁白]艾琳收集樣本

from other stranded whales,

從其他擱淺的鯨魚。

including a pilot whale, during this research mission.

包括一頭領航鯨，在這次研究任務中。

These samples of blubber and bone

這些鯨脂和骨頭的樣本

can tell researchers about an animal's sex,

可以告訴研究人員一個動物的性別。

genetics, diet, and more.

遺傳、飲食等。

Ultimately, Ellyne's findings support

最終，Ellyne的研究結果支持了

Ocean Sounds' efforts to educate

海洋之聲的教育工作

the public about protecting the mammals.

向公眾宣傳保護哺乳動物的知識。

- Our focus isn't only on research,

- 我們的重點不僅僅是研究。

but we're also focused on conservation

但我們也注重保護

and outreach and education.

以及外聯和教育。

- [Narrator] Ocean Sounds has a set of guidelines

- [旁白]"海洋之聲 "有一套指導原則。

for whale-watching boats that

的觀鯨船

they're lobbying to turn into Norwegian law.

他們正在遊說變成挪威法律。

They include requiring boats to slow down,

這些措施包括要求船隻減速。

shift into neutral, and then turn off the engine

空檔，然後熄火

while approaching whales,

在接近鯨魚的時候。

and maintaining a minimum distance

並保持最小距離

of 50 meters at all times.

任何時候都是50米的距離。

The goal is to regulate noise levels in the region

目標是調節該區域的噪音水準。

while still allowing whale-watching and fishing to operate.

同時仍允許觀鯨和捕魚活動。

And making Lofoten a marine protected area

並將羅浮敦作為海洋保護區。

would ban oil exploration and drilling in the area.

將禁止在該地區進行石油勘探和鑽探。

Until that happens,

在這種情況發生之前。

Ocean Sounds is selling recordings

海洋之聲正在銷售唱片

of whale communications online

鯨魚在線交流的情況

as a way to raise awareness and fund their operations.

以此來提高人們的認識併為其業務提供資金。

- We're trying to be able

- 我們正試圖能夠

to not only study the vocalizations and behavior,

來不僅研究發聲和行為。

but also to bring the whales to the people,

但也要把鯨魚帶到人們身邊。

giving a voice to the whales.

給鯨魚一個聲音。

(gentle music)

（溫柔的音樂）