I'm Esther.

我是以斯帖。

In this video, I will introduce the past perfect continuous tense.

在本視頻中，小編將為大家介紹過去完美連續時態。

It's a great tense that helps you express an ongoing action

這是一個很好的時態，可以幫助你表達一個正在進行的動作。

in the past continuing up to another point in the past.

在過去一直延續到過去的另一個點。

There's a lot to learn, so keep watching.

要學的東西很多，繼續觀察吧。

One usage of the past perfect continuous tense is to talk about an ongoing action in the

過去完成時態的一種用法是談論一個正在進行中的行動。

past that continued up to another point in the

過去，一直持續到另一個點上。

past.

過去。

You can use 'for' and a duration to talk about

您可以使用 "for "和持續時間來談論。

how long that action was in progress.

該行動進行了多長時間；

Here are some examples.

下面是一些例子。

'I had been waiting for the bus for two hours before it arrived.'

'我等了兩個小時，車才到。

You'll notice that at the beginning.

你會發現，在開始的時候。

It doesn't matter what the subject is, we follow with 'had been'.

不管主語是什麼，我們都要跟上'曾是'。

For example, 'I had been', 'Chuck had been',

例如，'我曾是'，'查克曾是'。

And 'Tom and Kim had been.'

而'湯姆和金曾。

And then we follow with the verb '-ing'.

然後我們再用動詞'-ing'跟上。

'waiting'.

'等待'。

'I had been waiting.'

'我一直在等。

Now this is the ongoing action that happened first.

現在這是正在進行的行動，首先發生的。

Again, four and two hours shows the duration.

同樣，4個小時和2個小時顯示的是持續時間。

The second part says, 'it arrived'.

第二部分說，'它到了'。

This verb is in the past simple tense.

這個動詞是過去簡單時態。

Therefore, that is the second action.

是以，這是第二個動作。

It's the action that this first action happened until this action happened,

就是這個第一個動作發生了，直到這個動作發生。

so again, 'I had been waiting for the bus,' happened

所以又發生了 "我一直在等車

first.

先是。

And then, it happened until the bus arrived.

然後，一直到大巴車到來。

'Chuck had been cooking,' Again, that part's easy.

"查克一直在做飯"，同樣，這部分很簡單。

No matter what's the subject, we say 'had been' and then verb '-ing'.

無論主語是什麼，我們都說 "曾經"，然後說動詞"-ing"。

Again, I can show how long Chuck had been cooking by saying 'for an hour', showing

同樣，我可以通過說 "一個小時 "來顯示Chuck做飯的時間，顯示出

the duration.

的持續時間。

And then, I finished by saying, 'before he finished'.

然後，我最後說，'在他說完之前'。

He had been cooking up to this point in the past.

他過去一直在做飯到現在。

Finally, 'Tom and Kim had been walking,' This part should be familiar to you by now,

最後，"湯姆和金一直在散步"，這部分大家應該很熟悉了。

'for an hour' Again, that shows duration.

'一個小時'，這又顯示了持續時間。

'before they rested.'

"在他們休息之前

So they had been walking for an hour before they took a break.

所以他們走了一個小時才休息了一下。

Before they rested.

在他們休息之前。

Let's move on.

讓我們繼續前進。

The past perfect continuous tense is also used to express cause and effect in the

過去完成式連續時態也被用來表達因果關係，在。

past.

過去。

The verb that's in the past perfect continuous tense shows the cause,

處於過去完全連續時態的動詞顯示了原因。

why something happened.

為什麼會發生這樣的事情。

We can use 'because' or 'so' to show the cause and effect.

我們可以用 "因為 "或 "所以 "來表明因果。

Here, I'll explain.

在這裡，我來解釋一下。

'Jason was tired because he had been jogging.'

'傑森累了，因為他一直在慢跑。

The first part of the sentence is in the past tense.

句子的第一部分是過去式。

'Jason was tired,' However, we see 'why?'

"傑森累了"，然而，我們看到的是 "為什麼"？

Well, because, 'he had been jogging'.

嗯，因為，"他一直在慢跑"。

The second part of this sentence is in the past perfect continuous tense.

這句話的第二部分是過去完成的連續時態。

'he had been', remember no matter what the subject,

'他曾是'，記住不管是什麼主題。

we follow with 'had been' and jogging – 'verb -ing'.

我們用'曾被'和慢跑--'動詞--ing'跟上。

'he had been jogging' This shows why Jason was tired.

"他一直在慢跑" 這說明傑森為什麼累了。

The next sentence says, 'The pavement' or it 'was wet because

下句說，'路面'或'因為溼了'。

it had been raining.'

一直在下雨。

Similar to the first sentence, 'it had been raining' shows the cause.

與第一句類似，"一直在下雨 "表明了原因。

Why was the pavement wet?

人行道為什麼是溼的？

'The pavement was wet because it had been raining.'

'因為一直在下雨，所以路面是溼的'。

In this sentence, we see a little difference.

在這句話中，我們看到了一點不同。

'The children had been playing' Again, this is the past perfect continuous

"孩子們在玩耍" 這又是過去完成時的連詞

tense.

時態。

'had been playing' The second part says, 'the room was a mess'.

'一直在玩'第二部分說，'房間裡很亂'。

So here, instead of 'because' like the first two sentences,

所以在這裡，不要像前兩句那樣用'因為'。

I used 'so'.

我用了 "所以"。

So the order has been changed but the meaning is the same.

所以，順序雖然改變了，但意思還是一樣的。

This, 'the children had been playing' is why the room was a mess.

這個，'孩子們一直在玩'，所以房間裡才會亂成一團。

This is the cause and this is the effect.

這是因，這是果。

Let's move on.

讓我們繼續前進。

Now let's go into the negative form of the past perfect continuous tense.

現在讓我們進入過去完美連續時態的否定形式。

Here are some examples.

下面是一些例子。

'I had not been working for a day before I quit.'

'我還沒工作一天就辭職了'。

So no matter what the subject 'I', 'you', 'she', or 'it',

所以不管是主語'我'，'你'，'她'，還是'它'。

just like in the affirmative, we say 'had', but after the 'had', in the negative form,

就像在肯定式中，我們說 "曾"，但在 "曾 "之後，是否定式。

we add 'not'. 'had not'

我們加上'沒有'。'沒有'。

'had not' or you can use the contraction 'hadn't'.

'沒有'，也可以用'沒有'這個收縮詞。

Which is a combination of 'had' and 'not' together.

這是由'有'和'沒有'組合在一起的。

'I had not been working' The rest of the sentence is the same.

'我一直沒有工作'其餘的句子都是一樣的。

'been + verb -ing' 'I had not been working for a day before

'一直+動詞-ing''我之前一天都沒有工作過

I quit.'

我不幹了。

The next sentence says, 'You had not been cutting onions for long

下句說：'你切洋蔥的時間不長。

before you cried.'

你還沒哭呢

Again, the 'not' goes between 'had' and 'been'.

同樣，"不 "在 "曾 "和 "被 "之間。

'She hadn't been studying for long when she fell asleep.'

'她學習沒多久就睡著了。

Here, we have the contraction.

在這裡，我們有收縮。

And finally, 'It hadn't been snowing for long when it

最後，"雪下了沒多久，就下起了雪

stopped.'

停下來。

Again, we have the contraction for 'had not' here.

同樣，我們這裡有'沒有'的縮略語。

You'll notice that in the first two sentences, I used 'before'.

你會發現，在前兩句中，我用了 "之前"。

And in the last two, I used 'when'.

而在最後兩處，我用了 "當"。

Either one can be used to show when the first action stopped.

任何一個都可以用來顯示第一個動作停止的時間。

Let's move on.

讓我們繼續前進。

Now let's go into how to form basic questions in the past perfect continuous tense.

現在讓我們來了解一下如何用過去完成式連續時態構成基本問題。

Here is the first example.

這是第一個例子。

'He had been driving all day before he arrived.'

'他來之前，已經開了一天的車。

Now, to turn this into a question, all we have to do is change the order of the first

現在，要把這個問題變成一個問題，我們要做的就是改變第一段的順序。

two words.

兩個字。

Instead of 'He had', now I can say, 'Had he', in order to form a question.

現在我可以說'他有'，而不是'他有'，以形成一個問題。

'Had he been driving all day before he arrived?'

'他來之前，是不是開了一天的車？

The next sentence says, 'The dog had been barking because it was

下句說：'狗一直在叫，因為它是。

scared.'

害怕。

In this case, the subject is 'The dog'.

在這種情況下，主體是 "狗"。

And then we follow with 'had'.

然後我們再跟上'了'。

To turn this into a question, again, we switch the order.

為了把這個問題變成一個問題，我們再換一個順序。

'Had the dog been barking because it was scared?'

'難道狗是因為害怕才叫的？

You'll notice that in the question, the rest of the words stay in the same place.

你會發現，在這道題中，其餘的詞都保持在同一個地方。

Now, in the first question, we're asking how long an action happened,

現在，在第一個問題中，我們問的是一個動作發生了多長時間。

or how long it was ongoing in the past.

或過去持續多長時間。

And in this question, we ask about cause and effect.

而在這個問題中，我們問的是因果。

Let's move on.

讓我們繼續前進。

Now, I'll introduce how to form WH questions in the past perfect continuous tense.

現在，小編就為大家介紹一下如何用過去的完全連續時態來構成WH題。

Take a look at these examples.

看看這些例子吧。

You'll notice that they all start with a WH word.

你會注意到，他們都是以WH字開頭的。

Why, where, what, and who.

為什麼，在哪裡，幹什麼，誰。

You might also have noticed that after we have 'had'.

你可能也注意到了，在我們 "有 "之後。

'Why had' 'Where had'

"為什麼有""在哪裡有"。

'What had' and 'Who had'

"有什麼 "和 "誰有

In the first question, after that comes the subject.

在第一道題中，之後就是題目。

'Why had you' And then 'been + verb -ing'

"為什麼有你" 然後 "一直+動詞-ing

And that's the same pattern we follow for all of these sentences.

而這也是我們對所有這些句子所遵循的模式。

So 'Why had you been studying so much?'

所以'你為什麼一直在學習這麼多？

I can answer by saying, 'I had been studying so much because I have

我可以回答說："我一直在學習，因為我有。

a test.'

來測試'。

'Where had you been traveling before you came here?'

'在你來這裡之前，你一直在哪裡旅行？

I can say, 'I had been traveling through Asia.'

我可以說，'我曾在亞洲旅行過'。

'What had they been playing before they played soccer?'

'他們在踢球之前都玩了些什麼？

I can answer, 'They had been playing baseball.'

我可以回答："他們一直在打棒球。

And finally, 'Who had she been talking to before she

最後，"她在和誰說話之前，她

left home?'

離開了家？

I can answer, 'She had been talking to her boyfriend.'

我可以回答："她一直在和她的男朋友哈拉。

Let's move on.

讓我們繼續前進。

Let's start a checkup for the past perfect continuous tense.

我們先來檢查一下過去完成時的連續時態。

Take a look at the first sentence.

看看第一句話。

It says, 'They __ for a long time before they went home.'

上面說："他們__了很久才回家。

Try to fill in the blank with the verb 'work' in this tense.

試用這個時態的動詞 "工作 "填空。

Remember, no matter what the subject, we follow the subject with 'had been'.

記住，無論什麼主語，我們都要在主語後面加上 "曾是"。

So we say, 'They had been'.

所以我們說，'他們曾是'。

What happens to the verb?

動詞會怎樣？

Remember, we add '-ing'.

記住，我們加上"-ing"。

So the sentence is, 'They had been working for a long time before they went home.'

所以這句話是'他們工作了很久才回家'。

Now, take a look at the second sentence.

現在，看看第二句話。

I want you to use the negative.

我想讓你用負數。

'I __ TV for a year before I started again.'

'我__電視一年後才又開始。

Remember, the negative form for this tense starts with the subject

記住，這個時態的否定式是以主語開始的。

and then 'had not been'.

然後'未曾'。

Or I can use the contraction 'hadn't'.

或者我可以用'沒有'這個收縮詞。

'I hadn't been' And then again, verb '-ing'.

'I hadn't been' And then again, 動詞'-ing'.

'I hadn't been watching TV for a year before I started again.'

'我有一年沒看電視了，才又開始看電視'。

Now, try to find the mistake in this next sentence.

現在，試著找出接下來這句話中的錯誤。

'Gina and I hadn't been do any work before we started.'

'吉娜和我在開始之前沒有做過任何工作。

What's the error?

錯在哪裡？

You'll notice that the verb does not have an '-ing'.

你會發現這個動詞沒有"-ing"。

To make the sentence correct, we must say, 'Gina and I hadn't been doing

為了使這句話正確，我們必須說："吉娜和我一直沒有在做

any work before we started.'

在我們開始之前，任何工作。

Now, find the mistake here.

現在，找到這裡的錯誤。

'He had be watching YouTube because he had some free time.'

"他看YouTube是因為他有一些空閒時間。

'He had', that's correct, but we need to change 'be' to been'.

'他有'，這是正確的，但我們需要把'是'改成'被'。

And 'watching' is correct.

而'看'是正確的。

So, 'He had been watching YouTube because he had some free time.'

所以，"他一直在看YouTube，因為他有一些空閒時間。

Let's move on.

讓我們繼續前進。

Now, let's move on to another checkup of the past perfect continuous tense.

現在，我們再來檢查一下過去完成式連續時的情況。

Take a look at the first example.

看看第一個例子。

It says, 'The company __ employees because they worked hard.'

它說：'公司__員工，因為他們努力工作'。

Use the verb 'promote' in the past perfect continuous tense.

用動詞'推廣'的過去完成連續時態。

Remember, no matter what the subject, we follow with 'had been'.

記住，不管是什麼主題，我們都要用 "曾經 "來跟上。

So we say, 'The company had been' and then verb '-ing', so 'promoting'.

所以我們說，'公司已經'，然後動詞'-ing'，所以'推廣'。

'The company had been promoting employees because they worked hard.'

'公司一直在提拔員工，因為他們工作很努力'。

The next example says, 'I __ your emails for a while because they went to the spam

下一個例子說，'我把你的郵件處理了一段時間，因為它們被轉到了垃圾郵件中

folder.'

文件夾。

Here, try to use the negative form with the verb 'get'.

這裡，儘量用否定式與動詞 "得到"。

Remember, in the negative form, we say 'had not been getting'

記住，在否定式中，我們說 "沒有得到

Or the contraction 'hadn't been getting'.

或者是'一直沒有得到'的收縮。

'I hadn't been getting your emails for a while because they went to the spam folder.'

'我已經有一段時間沒有收到你的郵件了，因為它們到了垃圾郵件文件夾。

Now look for the mistake in the next sentence.

現在看下一句話中的錯誤。

'I had been work a lot because I needed the money.'

'我一直在工作，因為我需要錢。

What's the mistake?

錯在哪裡？

Remember, we need to add '-ing' to the verb.

記住，我們需要在動詞上加上'-ing'。

'I had been working a lot because I needed the money.'

'我一直在工作，因為我需要錢。

The last sentence says, 'He has been smoking because he was stressed.'

最後一句話說，'他因為壓力大，一直在抽菸'。

Can you find the mistake?

你能找到錯誤的地方嗎？

Remember, we're practicing the past perfect continuous.

記住，我們在練習過去完成時的連續。

In this case, we need 'had' after the subject, not 'has'.

在這種情況下，我們需要在主語後面加上'了'，而不是'了'。

Great job, everyone.

大家幹得好

Let's move on.

讓我們繼續前進。

Good job learning another difficult English grammar tense.

好在又學了一個難懂的英語語法時態。

The past perfect continuous can be tricky, but with time and practice, you will get better.

過去的完美連續是很棘手的，但隨著時間和練習，你會變得更好。

English is not always easy, but always do your best and never give up.

英語並不總是那麼容易，但一定要盡力而為，永不放棄。

I'll see you in the next video.

下一個視頻裡見。