are absolutely crazy. We have rules but we don't  always follow them. Today, we're going over rule  

是絕對瘋狂的。我們有規則，但我們並不總是遵守它們。今天，我們要講的是

3 for the ED ending verbs. Don't worry, if you  missed one or two, you will not be lost here.  

3的ED結尾動詞。不要擔心，如果你漏掉了一兩個，你不會在這裡迷失方向。

These are the words where the ED ending adds not  just an extra sound, but a full extra syllable.  

這些詞中，ED結尾不僅增加了一個額外的音，還增加了一個完整的額外音節。

We're going to make sure that you know how to  integrate them smoothly and perfectly into your  

我們將確保你知道如何將它們順利、完美地整合到你的產品中。

speech so you sound natural speaking  in the past tense in American English.

語音，所以你聽起來很自然地用美式英語的過去式說話。

Don't forget, if you like this  video or you learned something new,  

不要忘了，如果你喜歡這個視頻或者你學到了新的東西。

please like and subscribe with  notifications, it really helps.

請點贊和訂閱通知，這真的很有幫助。

We did a deep dive on rule one.  Final sounds in the infinitive  

我們對規則一進行了深入的探討。 不定式中的末音

is unvoiced, tt-- like in walked.  We did a deep dive on rule two.  

是不發音的 tt... 就像在走的時候一樣 我們對第二條規則進行了深入的探討。

Final sound in the infinitive is voiced. The  ED becomes dd-- a D sound like in seemed.  

不定式中的末音是有聲的。ED變成dd--d音，就像in seemed一樣。

Now, we have one more rule, and it's short. There  are only two sounds involved: the last sound in  

現在，我們還有一條規則，而且很短。只有兩個音涉及到：最後一個音在

the infinitive is T or D. Then the ED ending is  not just an extra sound, but an extra syllable.  

那麼ED的結尾就不僅僅是多了一個音，而是多了一個音節。

Need. A one-syllable word becomes needed, a  two-syllable word. Correct, a two-syllable word,  

需要。一個單音節詞變成需要，一個雙音節詞。正確的，一個兩個音節的詞。

becomes corrected, a three syllable word.  This ending syllable is always unstressed.

變成改正，是一個三音節的詞。 這個結尾音節總是不重音。

Today, we'll go deep on rule three. What  exactly does it mean? What are all the cases,  

今天，我們就來深究一下規則三。它到底是什麼意思？都有哪些情況。

and how can you use this to sound more  natural and relaxed speaking English?

以及如何利用這一點讓英語口語聽起來更自然、更輕鬆？

With this extra syllable, we have the IH  sound or you can think of it as the schwa,  

有了這個額外的音節，我們就有了IH音，或者你可以把它看成是schwa。

plus D. The ending D will always be a flap sound  

加D，結尾D永遠是瓣音。

when it links into a word that begins  with a vowel or diphthong. For example:  

當它連接到一個以元音或雙元音開頭的單詞時。例如：

ended up—

最後

Ended up, ende-rarara-- ended up, a quick flap  of the tongue for that ED ending. Let's look at  

完了，end-rarara--完了，對於那個ED的結局，快速的一甩舌頭。我們來看看

another example: acted on—becomes: acted on,  acted on, acted on. That flap of the tongue.  

又如：行事--成為：行事、行事、行事。那一瓣舌頭。

At the end of a thought group, or when  the next word begins with a consonant,  

在一個思維組的末尾，或下一個詞以輔音開頭時。

that will usually be an unreleased D. Ddd-- That  means we make a sound in the vocal cords for the D  

這通常是一個未發佈的D。 Ddd -- 這意味著我們在聲帶中發出聲音的D。

but we don't release it, dd-- it's  just dd-- for example: it ended.  

但我們不釋放它，DD -- 它只是DD -- 例如：它結束了。

End of my thought group, I didn't  release the d. It ended. Ddd---  

我的思維群結束了，我沒有放d，結束了。Ddd------

That vibrating of the vocal cords  for that voiced sound, ended.

那種聲帶的震動，為那聲音的聲音，結束了。

Now if it links into a word that begins with a  consonant, we'll also make that unreleased sound.  

現在，如果它鏈接到一個以輔音開頭的單詞，我們也會發出這個未釋放的聲音。

Ended my, ended my, so it's not ended my, ended,  ended. We don't release it. It's ended my, ended  

結束了我的，結束了我的，所以不是結束了我的，結束了，結束了。我們不釋放它。它結束了我的，結束了

my, ended my. Releasing the D. Ended my, ended  my, just a little bit extra. We don't want to  

我的，結束了我的。釋放D，結束了我的，結束了我的，只是多了一點。我們不希望

make that much of the D so we vibrate the vocal  chords but then go on to the next sound. Now if  

做出那麼多的D，所以我們振動聲帶，但又要繼續下一個聲音。現在如果

the next word is you or you're, you might hear the  ending become a J sound. Ended your, ended your.

下一個詞是you或you're，你可能會聽到結尾變成J音。結束了你的，結束了你的。

Great. But now let's look at some cases that  affect the T or D at the end of the infinitive.  

很好，但現在讓我們看看一些影響不定式結尾的T或D的情況。但現在讓我們看看一些影響不定式結尾的T或D的情況。

So not the ED ending but the T at the end of the  word 'heat' for example. Heat, id, does not equal  

所以不是ED結尾，而是比如 "熱 "字結尾的T。熱，id，不等於

heated, because the rule for the T is that if  it comes between two vowel or diphthong sounds,  

加熱，因為T的規則是，如果它出現在兩個元音或雙元音之間。

it's a flap T. So it's not tt--heated, that's  a true T, it's heated, dadadada-- heated,  

這是一個翻轉的T，所以它不是T--加熱，那是一個真正的T，它是加熱的，dadadada--加熱的。

heated. So any word where there's a vowel  or diphthong plus T and then an ED ending,  

加熱。所以凡是有元音或雙元音加T，然後以ED結尾的詞。

that's a flap T. Heated, dated, noted,  weighted. Dadadada-- All Flap t's.

這是一個翻蓋T，加熱，日期，記錄，重量。

The flap T rule also applies when the sound before  was an R, so R plus T plus vowel or diphthong  

當前面的音是R時，翻T規則也適用，所以R加T加元音或雙元音。

is a flap T. That means all the RT,ED ending words  have a flap T like: pardon, par-da-- par-dada--  

是翻轉T，也就是說所有RT,ED的結尾詞都有一個翻轉T，比如：pardon，par-da--par-dada--。

pardon. Pardon. Alerted  dadada-- alertuh-- alerted.

恕我直言對不起警報達達--警報圖--警報。

And this is also true for the D. A D  between vowels or after an R before a  

而D也是如此，在元音之間的D，或者在R之前的R之後的D。

vowel or diphthong is a flap. So for example,  in the word 'boarded' boar-- dadadada--  

元音或雙元音是一個瓣。所以，例如，在 "寄宿 "一詞中，boar -- dadadada --

that D at the end of the infinitive  is a flap. Boarded. Worded. Worded.

即不定式末尾的D是一個瓣。板結。字化。字化。

What would it sound like if  it wasn't a flap, but a real  

如果不是瓣膜，而是真正的瓣膜，那會是什麼聲音？

D with the stop and the release? Ddd-- that  would sound like this: worded. Worded. Worded.

D與停止和釋放？Worded。Worded。

It's too much D, we make a flap. Worded. Graded.  Flap sound. Let's look at another case. The sound  

太D了，我們做一個瓣。字化。分級。 瓣音。我們再看一個案例。這個聲音

before the T of the word in the infinitive  is an N. We might drop that T. We do that in  

詞的T前的不定式是一個N，我們可以去掉那個T，我們在

the NT combination sometimes like in the word  'interview'. It's very common to drop that T.  

新臺幣組合有時像在'採訪'這個詞。這是很常見的放棄該T。

So let's look at the word want, past tense, with  the ED ending, wanted, but it's actually very  

所以我們看一下want這個詞，過去式，以ED結尾，wanted，但其實是非常的

common to drop the T sound in that word, and  it becomes wanted, wanted, this pronunciation  

常見的是把該詞的T音去掉，就變成了wanted，wanted，這個發音。

is more common than the pronunciation with  the T. Let's go to Youglish for examples.

比帶T的發音更常見，我們去優衣庫找例子。

Wanted. Each one with no T sound at all. Isn't  this interesting? It's the T at the end of want  

想要的。每個人都完全沒有T音。這個是不是很有意思？就是want後面的T音啊

that puts this into rule three because the final  sound is the T, but we don't even say that.  

這使這進入規則三，因為最後的聲音是T，但我們甚至不說。

This is true also of the word counted,  you'll often hear that T dropped, counted.

數數這個詞也是如此，你會經常聽到，T掉了，數數了。

There will definitely be cases where you hear the  T in 'counted' but often not. Pointed is another  

肯定會有聽到'數'字的T的情況，但往往不會。Pointed是另一種

word where usually, the T will be dropped. I  pointed out the mistake: pointed out, pointed out,  

詞的地方，通常會去掉T。我指出了錯誤：指出了，指出了。

no T. What about the word planted becoming  planted? Now I listened to a bunch of examples,  

沒有T，那種植這個詞變成種植呢？現在我聽了一堆例子。

there it does seem to be more common to  actually say the T sound than to drop it,  

在那裡，它似乎確實是更常見的實際說T音比放棄它。

planted. But even that one can go  either way. Planted or planted.

種的。但即使是那個也可以走兩邊。種了還是種了。

What about ND plus ED ending? We never drop  that D. Ended. If we dropped it it would be  

那ND加ED的結局呢？我們從來沒有放棄過那個D，結局。如果我們放棄了它，它將是

ended, and that would sound very strange to us,  so ended, ended, bonded, we don't drop the D.  

ended，我們聽起來就很奇怪，所以end，end，bonded，我們不掉D。

In the other ending clusters, we do say the  T or D. For example the PT ending, prompt, or  

在其他的結尾群中，我們都會說T或D，比如PT結尾，提示，或

interrupt. We do say that T when we  add on the ED. Prompted. Interrupted.  

中斷。我們在對ED進行加點的時候，確實會說T。被提示。中斷。

Ted, ted, ted. A light true T. Acted. Lifted.  Folded. We say the D in fold. Folded. Ded. Folded.

特德，特德，特德。淡淡的真T。演了。掀了。 折了。我們說摺疊中的D。折的。獻。折了。

And those are the cases for rule three. Wow. When  you add up all these videos, we've been talking  

而這些都是規則三的案例。哇哦當你把所有這些視頻加起來， 我們一直在談論。

about ED endings for well over 30 minutes.  Things just aren't as simple as they seem.

關於ED的結局，長達30多分鐘。 事情就是沒有看起來那麼簡單。

Now, let's test your memory for the main  three rules. Is the ED ending a T sound,  

現在，我們來測試一下你對三大規則的記憶。ED結尾是不是T音。

a D sound, or an extra syllable?

一個D音，還是一個額外的音節？

Here's your first word. Is it agreet, agreed,  or agree-ed? The final sound on the word  

這是你的第一個詞。是agreet, agreed, 還是agree-ed?這個詞的最後一個音

when it's in the infinitive is a vowel, that's  voiced, so it's rule three, a D sound. Agreed.

當它在不定式中是元音，那是有聲的，所以它的規則三，是D音。同意。

What about this word? Is it bombet, bombed, or  

這個詞呢？是bombet，bombed，還是

bomb-ed? The last sound is voiced, it's not a T or  a D, therefore it's rule two, a D sound: bombed.

炸了？最後一個音是有聲的，它不是T音，也不是D音，是以它的規則二，是D音：炸了。

What about this word? Is it  talket, talked, or talk-ed?  

那這個詞呢，是talket、talked還是talk-ed？是talket，talked，還是talk-ed？

The last sound of the word in  the infinitive is unvoiced.  

詞的最後一個音在不定式中是不發聲的。

Therefore the ending is unvoiced, T, talked, now  let's listen to a bunch of examples for rule 3,  

是以結尾是不發聲的，T，談過，現在我們來聽一堆規則3的例子。

ED endings. Some of them will have  a dropped T, some of them will  

ED的結局。有的會有掉T，有的會有

have a flap. Get used to simplifying and  linking these words into the next words.

有一瓣。習慣於把這些字簡化，連成下一個字。

First, you'll hear a phrase. Then  you'll hear just the two-word link  

首先，你會聽到一句話。然後，你會聽到只有兩個字的鏈接。

like 'counted my' in slow motion, several  times, repeat the last time, the third time.  

如'數我的'慢動作，數次，重複上一次，第三次。

Repeat that slow motion link.  It's important not to just  

重複那個慢動作的環節。 重要的是，不要只

learn something but to actually train  it, to speak out loud to get used to it.

學習某樣東西，但要真正訓練它，要大聲說出來，讓它習慣。

Now you could prepare a lecture  on how to pronounce ED endings.  

現在你可以準備一個關於ED尾音如何發音的講座。

There are so many details involved, aren't  there? The playlist for all three of these  

這裡面涉及到的細節太多了吧？這三者的播放列表

videos is here for your reference. You  may find that you want to watch them  

視頻在這裡供您參考。你可能會發現，你想看他們

several times to really get all the  rules and pronunciations into your brain.

多次，真正讓所有的規則和發音都進入大腦。

Thanks so much for sticking with me.  Be sure to check out this video next.  

非常感謝大家對我的堅持。 接下來一定要看看這個視頻。

Also, check out my online courses at Rachel's  English academy. You'll become a more confident  

另外，還可以看看我在瑞秋英語學院的在線課程。你會成為一個更自信的

English speaker. I make new videos every Tuesday,  be sure to come back next week to watch more,  

會說英語。我每週二都會製作新的視頻，下週一定要來觀看更多的視頻。

I love being your English teacher. That's it  and thanks so much for using Rachel's English.

我喜歡做你的英語老師。就這樣，非常感謝你使用瑞秋英語。