which require an army of people to count the  votes. This laborious and time-consuming process  

這就需要一支軍隊來點票。這種費力和費時的過程

often results in a delay in declaring a  winner. If we can use the internet for  

往往導致遲遲不能宣佈中獎。如果我們能利用互聯網為

important services such as healthcare  and banking, why don't we vote online?

醫療、銀行等重要服務，我們為什麼不在網上投票？

The concept of internet voting first  gained traction during the 2000 U.S.  

網絡投票的概念最早是在2000年的美國選舉中得到推廣的。

presidential election when crucial  election results in Florida were disputed,  

總統選舉時，佛羅里達州的關鍵選舉結果存在爭議。

leading to a recount and delay in declaring the  outcome of the contest.

導致重新計票，延後宣佈比賽結果。

"Just the most bizarre thing I've ever heard.

"只是我聽過的最詭異的事情。

How it could be given to one, taken back and now, 'oh we're not sure again'."

怎麼可能給一個人，拿回去，現在又'哦，我們又不確定了'。"

Problems included voters' confusion at the design of the ballot paper,

問題包括選民對選票的設計感到困惑。

as well as faulty punch card voting machines. At the time,

以及有問題的打卡投票機。當時。

internet adoption was rapidly gaining pace and there were growing calls

互聯網的應用速度很快，人們對互聯網的呼聲也越來越高。

for it to replace America's aging election infrastructure.

為它取代美國老化的選舉基礎設施。

While 32 states in the U.S. have experimented  with some form of internet voting, this has  

雖然美國有32個州已經嘗試了某種形式的網絡投票，但這有

been mostly limited to a small sub-set of voters  such as military personnel and overseas citizens.

一直以來，大多限於一小部分選民，如軍人和海外公民。

However, one country has embraced the use  of technology in its elections. In 2005,  

然而，有一個國家在選舉中使用了技術。2005年，

Estonia became the first country in the world to  hold nation-wide elections using internet voting.

愛沙尼亞成為世界上第一個使用互聯網投票舉行全國性選舉的國家。

Its system, known as i-voting, allows  voters to cast their ballot from anywhere  

它的系統被稱為i-voting，允許選民在任何地方投票。

in the world with an internet connection.  During a designated early voting period,  

世界上有互聯網連接的人。 在指定的提前投票期間，。

the voter logs onto the system using an  Identification-card or Mobile-ID to cast a ballot.

選民使用身份證或移動身份證登錄系統進行投票。

To maintain secrecy, the voter's  identity is removed from the  

為了保密，選民的身份會被刪除。

ballot before it reaches the National  Electoral Commission for counting,  

在選票送達全國選舉委員會進行計票之前。

and voters change their vote as many times  as they want before the advanced polling  

而選民在提前投票前可以隨意更改自己的選票。

deadline, with each updated ballot  automatically canceling the last.

截止日期，每次更新的選票都會自動取消上次的選票。

On election day, voters may choose  to override their online vote by  

在選舉日，選民可以選擇通過以下方式覆蓋他們的網上投票。

casting a paper ballot at a polling station.  

在投票站投紙質選票；

According to the United Nations and the  European Convention on Human Rights,  

根據聯合國和《歐洲人權公約》：

voter secrecy is one of the many essential elements of a democracy.  

選民保密是民主制度的許多基本要素之一。

Votes also need to be accurate and verifiable  to ensure that the system can be trusted.

投票也要準確、可核實，以保證系統的可信度。

Voting in many early modern  democracies took place openly,  

在許多早期的現代民主國家，投票是公開進行的。

permitting swift counting and public verification,  

允許快速計算和公開核查。

but also allowing electors to be bribed or  bullied into favoring a certain candidate.

但也允許選民被收買或欺負，使他們偏向某位候選人。

Reformers across the globe lobbied  for the adoption of secret ballots  

全球改革者遊說採用無記名投票方式

through the nineteenth and twentieth centuries,  

到十九世紀和二十世紀。

in order to ensure that voters could make  their choice free from the fear of reprisals.

以確保選民可以在不擔心報復的情況下做出選擇。

Although technological innovations have led some of the world's

雖然技術革新已經引領了世界上的一些

most populous democracies,  including India, Brazil and the U.S.,  

人口最多的民主國家，包括印度、巴西和美國。

to use computerized vote-counting  or vote-casting machines,  

使用電腦點票或投票機；

these have generally been kept offline and  haven't always delivered instantaneous results.

一般來說，這些都是離線的，並不總是能帶來即時的結果。

Critics of online voting believe that  cybersecurity remains a major concern  

網絡投票的批評者認為，網絡安全仍是一大隱患

and that current technologies are unable  to ensure the integrity of elections.

而目前的技術無法確保選舉的公正性。

Malicious actors may be able to attack and  

惡意行為者可能會攻擊和

undermine an election conducted online  to their advantage, often undetected.

破壞在網上進行的對他們有利的選舉，而且往往不被發現。

An independent report on Estonia's i-Voting  system by cybersecurity experts in 2014  

2014年網絡安全專家關於愛沙尼亞i-Voting系統的獨立報告。

found 'staggering gaps' in  the system's architecture  

發現系統架構中存在 "驚人的差距"。

at the time, which left it open to  cyberattacks from foreign powers.

當時，這使其面臨外國勢力的網絡攻擊。

Besides being vulnerable to hacking, online  elections can't be audited effectively,  

除了容易被黑客攻擊外，網絡選舉也無法得到有效審核。

unlike physical ballots, which  leave a literal paper trail. While  

與實物選票不同，實物選票會留下紙質的痕跡。雖然

cyber attackers could potentially delete  millions of ballots from their bedroom,  

網絡攻擊者有可能從他們的臥室刪除數百萬張選票。

stealing the same number of paper ballots would  be much more difficult without someone noticing.

竊取同樣數量的紙質選票，在不被人察覺的情況下，會更加困難。

The geographical distribution of polling stations  and constituencies also distributes the risk,  

投票站和選區的地理分佈也分散了風險。

while securely printed and marked  paper is hard to duplicate or  

而安全印刷和標記的紙張則很難被複制或。

alter. Votes can be checked and  recounted by multiple people,  

改。可由多人核對和重新計票。

and the counting process itself can  be watched by many pairs of eyes. 

而計數過程本身也可以被許多雙眼睛所注視。

This is why several groups of computer scientists   

這就是為什麼幾組計算機科學家

have argued against internet voting, 

紛紛反對網絡投票。

or said it should only be used in parallel  with a paper system for verification.

或說，它只應與紙質系統並行使用，以進行核查。

In 2015, online voting in the Australian  state of New South Wales was paused  

2015年，澳洲新南威爾士州的網絡投票暫停了

following concerns there was a 'major  vulnerability' in an internet voting system  

在關注到互聯網投票系統存在 "重大漏洞 "之後。

used for an election that could have  compromised 66,000 electronic votes.

用於選舉，可能會洩露66000張電子選票。

Although France adopted internet voting for certain   

雖然法國在某些方面採用了網絡投票

expatriates in 2012, the scheme was halted

2012年，該計劃被停止。

five years later due to cybersecurity concerns. Blockchain technology has been touted as  

五年後，由於網絡安全問題。區塊鏈技術一直被吹捧為

a potential solution to these fears, but  cybersecurity experts remain unconvinced.

這些擔心的潛在解決方案，但網絡安全專家仍不相信。

Start-up company, Voatz, has trialed its  blockchain technology in a few elections,  

初創公司Voatz已經在幾次選舉中試用了其區塊鏈技術。

including the 2018 general election  in West Virginia, with mixed results. 

包括2018年西弗吉尼亞州的大選，結果喜憂參半。

But this hasn't dampened interest in the  feasibility of online elections in the U.S.,  

但這並沒有影響人們對美國在線選舉可行性的興趣。

especially during a pandemic.

特別是在大流行期間。

In February 2020, a district election in  the Seattle area became the first to allow  

2020年2月，西雅圖地區的地區選舉成為第一個允許。

each of its 1.2 million eligible voters  to cast a ballot through their smartphones.  

的120萬合格選民都可以通過智能手機進行投票。

More than 94% of the ballots returned were  completed electronically and voter turnout  

超過94%的選票是以電子方式完成的，選民的投票率

almost doubled from the previous election. Since 2007, Estonia's I-voting system has  

比上一次選舉幾乎增加了一倍。自2007年以來，愛沙尼亞的I-voting系統已成為一個新的系統。

seen a steady increase in the ballots cast over the internet for parliamentary elections.  

看到通過互聯網投給議會選舉的選票穩步增加。

In 2019 there was a 40% increase in  online votes from the previous poll. 

2019年的網絡投票比上一次投票增加了40%。

However, this hasn't led to  an increase in voter turnout.

然而，這並沒有帶來選民投票率的提高。

44% of Estonians now use i-voting,  and according to the government,  

44%的愛沙尼亞人現在使用i-voting，而根據政府。

i-voting saves over 11,000  working days per election.  

i-voting節省了11,000多個工作日，每次選舉。

A study also found that i-voting is 50%  cheaper than traditional paper voting.

一項研究還發現，i投票比傳統紙質投票便宜50%。

But it's important to remember that there are  still more than three and a half billion people,  

但要記住，還有三十五億多人。

nearly half of the global population, who  are not yet connected to the internet,  

近一半的全球人口，還沒有連接到互聯網。

so online voting may not be possible  in many countries for some time. 

是以，許多國家可能在一段時間內無法進行網上投票。

An election is a uniquely  difficult process to deliver  

選舉是一個獨特的、難以實現的過程。

under the pressure of high expectations,  limited budgets and a hard deadline.

在高期望值、有限預算和硬性期限的壓力下。

According to some, there is  no technology yet available  

根據一些人的說法，目前還沒有技術

that can meet the challenges of  delivering elections safely via the internet.

能夠應對通過互聯網安全舉行選舉的挑戰。

Although many aspects of  our lives have shifted online,  

雖然我們生活的很多方面已經轉移到了網上。

it may be a while before we can vote there too.

我們也要過一段時間才能在那裡投票。

Hi guys, thanks for watching our video.

大家好，感謝觀看我們的視頻。

Before you go we'd love for you to subscribe to the channel

在你走之前，我們希望你能訂閱我們的頻道。

and comment below the video to let us know whether you think

並在視頻下方評論，讓我們知道你是否認為...。

internet voting is a good idea. We'll see you next time.

網絡投票是個好主意。我們下次再見。