Name: 宇宙中最強大的磁鐵能做什麼？解釋磁星 (What the Most Powerful Magnet in the Universe is Capable of: Magnetars Explained)
Uploaded: 2020-11-14T18:57:27.000Z
Duration: 6 min 57 s

基礎被動語態

This RealLifeLore video is made possible by Brilliant.org.

這個RealLifeLore視頻是由Brilliant.org提供的。

情態副詞

Stay tuned for an exclusive Brilliant offer available only for RealLifeLore viewers, at the end of this video.

敬請關注本視頻結尾處僅對RealLifeLore觀眾提供的獨家Brilliant優惠。

The universe is full of weird, scary, awesome, and interesting things.

宇宙中充滿了奇怪的、可怕的、厲害的、有趣的東西。

I've made several videos already on topics like black holes, the size of the universe, and interstellar travel, which you can watch later.

我已經做了好幾個視頻，主題是黑洞、宇宙的大小、星際旅行等，大家以後可以看。

But neutron stars and their even weirder twins called magnetars,

但中子星和它們更奇怪的孿生兄弟叫磁星。

Are possibly even weirder, scarier, and more interesting than anything else I've discussed so far.

可能比我目前所討論的任何事情都更怪異、更可怕、更有趣。

Neutron stars and magnetars are the same objects with one major difference.

中子星和磁星是同一種天體，但有一個重大區別。

From the death of a large star somewhere between 10-29x the mass of our Sun.

來自一顆大恆星的死亡，其品質在太陽品質的10-29倍之間。

When a star of this enormous size dies, after fusion in its core is no longer possible, the result is a brilliant supernova explosion.

當一顆如此巨大的恆星死亡後，在其核心的核聚變不再可能，其結果就是一場輝煌的超新星爆炸。

The core of the star, no longer supported by the outward pressure generated by fusion, rapidly collapses from the enormous inward pressure of gravity.

恆星的核心，不再受到核聚變產生的外壓的支撐，在巨大的引力內壓下迅速坍塌。

Electrons and protons are forced so close together that they fuse to become neutrons, resulting in an unimaginably dense ball made

電子和質子被迫緊密地結合在一起，它們融合成了中子，從而形成了一個難以想象的高密度的球。

made almost entirely of neutrons with the mass of 1 to 2 Suns, that is only 20km across. Which is like crushing 2 entire suns down to the size of Manhattan.

幾乎完全由中子組成的品質相當於1到2個太陽的品質，那只有20公里寬。這就好比把2個太陽壓得跟曼哈頓一樣大。

They're so densely packed together that just a thimble full of neutron star material would have the mass of 100 million tons.

它們密密麻麻地擠在一起，僅僅是一個裝滿中子星材料的頂針，就有一億噸的品質。

Which is roughly the same as 15 Great Pyramids of Giza or 70 million Toyota Corollas all condensed into a space the size of a thimble.

這大約相當於15座吉薩大金字塔或7000萬輛豐田卡羅拉全部濃縮在頂針大小的空間裡。

Neutron stars also rotate incredibly quickly after they're formed, and the quickest one ever yet to discovered is called PSR J1748-2446AD

中子星形成後旋轉速度也非常快，目前發現的最快的一顆叫PSR J1748-2446AD

Which rotates 716 times every second or about 24% of the speed of light at the surface.

每秒鐘旋轉716次，約為表面光速的24%。

While all of this sounds pretty extreme already,

雖然這一切聽起來已經很極端了。

A small percentage of neutron stars are born as even more extreme objects called magnetars.

有一小部分中子星天生就是更極端的天體，稱為磁星。

All neutron stars have incredibly powerful magnetic fields.

所有的中子星都有不可思議的強大磁場。

Usually 2 trillion times more powerful than the magnetic field that you're currently experiencing on the Earth's surface.

通常比你目前在地球表面遇到的磁場強大2萬億倍。

But magnetars have a magnetic field 1000 times more powerful than even that is. This makes magnetars the most powerful magnets in the known universe

但磁星的磁場比這都要強大1000倍。這使得磁星成為已知宇宙中最強大的磁體

And weird things begin to happen if you get too close to one...

如果你離得太近，奇怪的事情就會發生... ...

Remembering that these objects are only the size of Manhattan,

記住，這些物體只有曼哈頓的大小。

if one was a distance of 160 000 km away, the magnetic field

would be powerful enough to strip all the information of all the credit cards on Earth.

將強大到足以剝奪地球上所有信用卡的所有資訊。

If you personally got too close to a magnetar,

If you somehow got to within 1000 km of a magnetar

如果你以某種方式到了磁星1000公里以內。

that it would begin to warped your entire body down at the atomic level.

它將開始扭曲你的整個身體 在原子水準。

Your very atoms will begin to get stretched into very thin rod-like shapes

你的原子將開始被拉伸成非常薄的桿狀形狀。

which would render normal molecular chemistry impossible.

這將使正常的分子化學變得不可能。

And your body would have essentially be dissolve and torn apart

而你的身體基本上會被溶解和撕碎。

as the atoms that make up your body would be transformed.

因為構成你身體的原子會發生變化。

Magnetars can also be prone to a phenomenon known as starquakes

which are just like earthquakes but on a star.

這就像地震一樣，但在一個明星。

The crust of a magnetar made out of neutrons

can crack just like tectonic plates do here on Earth.

就像地球上的構造板塊一樣，可以裂開。

These cracks are likely only micrometers long.

the magnetar releases a truly gargantuan blast of radiation

磁力星釋放出真正的巨大輻射衝擊波

that we can observe from the other side of the galaxy.

我們可以從銀河系的另一邊觀察到的。

The most powerful of these starquakes ever observed

是來自一個叫SGR1806-20的馬根塔爾。

In 2004, the radiation from the explosion caused by this starquake reached earth.

2004年，這次星震引起的爆炸所產生的輻射到達了地球。

And it was the brightest event that originated outside of the Solar System

known to have ever been witnessed by humans.

It is believed to also be the largest explosion observed in our galaxy

據信這也是我們銀河系中觀察到的最大的一次爆炸。

since the 1604 Supernova that was observed by Johannes Kepler.

自1604年約翰內斯-開普勒觀測到的超新星以來。

In just 1/10 of a second, this starquake released more energy than the Sun

在短短的1/10秒內，這次星震釋放的能量比太陽還多

在過去的10萬年裡，已經釋放。

But if this had happened to a magnetar that was 10 light years away from us instead,

但如果這一切發生在離我們10光年的磁星上，而不是。

It would be enough to totally destroy the Earth's ozone layer.

這將足以徹底破壞地球的臭氧層。

And also destroy most of the planet surface.

而且還破壞了大部分的星球表面。

Life on Earth would almost be totally destroyed.

地球上的生命幾乎會被完全摧毀。

And we would not know that it was coming until it hit us

我們不知道它的到來，直到它擊中我們。

Luckily for us however, the closest discovered magnetar to Earth is 9 000 light years away.

然而幸運的是，離地球最近的磁星是在9000光年之外。

As scary as magnetars are, we can thankfully remain more fascinated by them instead at a save distance away.

雖然磁星很可怕，但值得慶幸的是，我們可以在保存距離之外，反而對其保持更多的迷戀。

If you still have questions that you like answered about neutron stars, how stars die

如果你還有關於中子星、恆星是如何死亡的問題，你希望得到解答。

Or anything else about our strange and beautiful universe

或者其他任何關於我們奇怪而美麗的宇宙的事情

Then you should know that this video was directly based off a section

那麼你應該知道，這個視頻是直接根據一段

in the astronomy course offered at Brilliant.org

在Brilliant.org提供的天文學課程上

Brilliant is an online learning platform where you can learn about math and science in an easily approachable way

Brilliant是一個在線學習平臺，在這裡你可以用一種簡單易懂的方式學習數學和科學知識。

通過解決趣味性和挑戰性的問題。

I have been spending a lot of time going through their astronomy course lately

我最近花了很多時間去看他們的天文學課程

And they have a section that is completely devoted to the life cycle of stars that inspired the creation of this video.

而且他們有一個部分是完全致力於恆星的生命週期，這也是這個視頻創作的靈感來源。

They teach you how to calculate what the mass of a teaspoon of neutron star material would be

他們教你如何計算一茶匙中子星材料的品質是多少

And how neutron stars, white dwarfs and black holes are created in the first place.

而中子星、白矮星和黑洞又是如何首先產生的。

The math in this course and the math behind the facts in the video that you just watched are the same.

本課程中的數學和剛才看的視頻中事實背後的數學是一樣的。

So if you like to be able to do these calculations yourself,

所以如果你喜歡能夠自己進行這些計算。

why not go and give them a visit now that you are done watching

何不去給他們參觀，現在你看完了。

You can learn about astronomy and a vast amount of other subjects at

你可以在這裡學習天文學和大量的其他科目。

And best of all, Brilliant is offering a 3-day free trial exclusively to the viewers of this video.

最重要的是，輝煌公司專門為本視頻的觀眾提供3天的免費試用。

This free trail is only available if you click on the brilliant.org/reallifelore

只有當您點擊 brilliant.org/reallifelore 時，才可以使用這個免費的線索。

So if you liked what you just watched and you're curious to learn more, you should give Brilliant a try.

所以，如果你喜歡剛才看的內容，又很想了解更多的資訊，就應該給輝煌試一試。

It's completely free for three days and you will be supporting my channel at the same time.

這三天是完全免費的，同時你也會支持我的頻道。